Graft-versus-host disease: Regulation by microbe-associated molecules and innate immune receptors

Blood

Volumn 115, Issue 10, 2010, Pages 1865-1872

  Penack, Olaf ^a,b   Holler, Ernst ^c   Van Den Brink, Marcel R M ^b  

^a CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

^b MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL REGENSBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; CASPASE RECRUITMENT DOMAIN PROTEIN 15; NUCLEAR PROTEIN; NUCLEOTIDE BINDING OLIGOMERIZATION DOMAIN LIKE RECEPTOR; PATHOGEN ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERN; PROBIOTIC AGENT; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS; BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; GENE CONTROL; GENETIC RISK; GRAFT VERSUS HOST REACTION; HUMAN; INNATE IMMUNITY; INTESTINE FLORA; NONHUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM;

EID: 77950471448     PISSN: 00064971     EISSN: 15280020     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-09-242784     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Uphoff DE, Law LW. Genetic factors influencing irradiation protection by bone marrow: II, the histocompatibility- 2 (H-2) locus. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1958;20(3):617-624.
2. Korngold B, Sprent J. Lethal graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation across minor histocompatibility barriers in mice: prevention by removing mature T cells from marrow. J Exp Med. 1978;148(6):1687-1698.
3. Xun CQ, Thompson JS, Jennings CD, Brown SA, Widmer MB. Effect of total body irradiation, busulfan-cyclophosphamide, or cyclophosphamide conditioning on inflammatory cytokine release and development of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease in H-2-incompatible transplanted SCID mice. Blood. 1994;83(8):2360-2367. (Pubitemid 24112752)
4. van Bekkum DW, Knaan S, Zurcher C. Effects of cyclosporin A on experimental graft-versus-host disease in rodents. Transplant Proc. 1980;12(2): 278-282.
5. Storb R, Prentice RL, Buckner CD, et al. Graft-versus- host disease and survival in patients with aplastic anemia treated by marrow grafts from HLA-identical siblings: beneficial effect of a protective environment. N Engl J Med. 1983;308(6): 302-307.
6. Beelen DW, Haralambie E, Brandt H, et al. Evidence that sustained growth suppression of intestinal anaerobic bacteria reduces the risk of acute graft-versus-host disease after sibling marrow transplantation. Blood. 1992;80(10):2668-2676.
7. Lemaitre B, Nicolas E, Michaut L, Reichhart JM, Hoffmann JA. The dorsoventral regulatory gene cassette spatzle/Toll/cactus controls the potent antifungal response in Drosophila adults. Cell. 1996;86(6):973-983. (Pubitemid 26336801)
8. Medzhitov R, Preston-Hurlburt P, Janeway CA Jr. A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity. Nature. 1997;388(6640):394-397. (Pubitemid 27334820)
9. Kim TD, Terwey TH, Zakrzewski JL, et al. Organ-derived dendritic cells have differential effects on alloreactive T cells. Blood. 2008;111(5):2929-2940.
10. Huang Q, Liu D, Majewski P, et al. The plasticity of dendritic cell responses to pathogens and their components. Science. 2001;294(5543): 870-875. (Pubitemid 33032108)
11. Cook DN, Pisetsky DS, Schwartz DA. Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of human disease. Nat Immunol. 2004;5(10):975-979. (Pubitemid 41057713)
12. Poltorak A, He X, Smirnova I, et al. Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice: mutations in Tlr4 gene. Science. 1998;282(5396): 2085-2088. (Pubitemid 29001265)
13. Bertin J, Nir WJ, Fischer CM, et al. Human CARD4 protein is a novel CED-4/Apaf-1 cell death family member that activates NF-kappaB. J Biol Chem. 1999;274(19):12955-12958. (Pubitemid 129518488)
14. Inohara N, Ogura Y, Chen FF, Muto A, Nunez G. Human Nod1 confers responsiveness to bacterial lipopolysaccharides. J Biol Chem. 2001;276(4): 2551-2554. (Pubitemid 37376628)
15. Jones JM, Wilson R, Bealmear PM. Mortality and gross pathology of secondary disease in germ-free mouse radiation chimeras. Radiat Res. 1971; 45(3):577-588.
16. van Bekkum DW, Roodenburg J, Heidt PJ, van der Waaij D. Mitigation of secondary disease of allogeneic mouse radiation chimeras by modification of the intestinal microflora. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1974;52(2):401-404.
17. van Bekkum DW, Knaan S. Role of bacterial microflora in development of intestinal lesions from graft-versus-host reaction. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1977;58(3):787-790.
18. Skinhøj P, Jacobsen N, Hoiby N, Faber V. Strict protective isolation in allogenic bone marrow transplantation: effect on infectious complications, fever and graft versus host disease. Scand J Infect Dis. 1987;19(1):91-96.
19. Vossen JM, Heidt PJ, van den Berg H, Gerritsen EJ, Hermans J, Dooren LJ. Prevention of infection and graft-versus-host disease by suppression of intestinal microflora in children treated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1990;9(1):14-23.
20. Beelen DW, Elmaagacli A, Muller KD, Hirche H, Schaefer UW. Influence of intestinal bacterial decontamination using metronidazole and ciprofloxacin or ciprofloxacin alone on the development of acute graft-versus-host disease after marrow transplantation in patients with hematologic malignancies: final results and long-term follow-up of an open-label prospective randomized trial. Blood. 1999;93(10):3267-3275. (Pubitemid 29220893)
21. Krüger WH, Bohlius J, Cornely OA, et al. Antimicrobial prophylaxis in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: guidelines of the infectious diseases working party (AGIHO) of the german society of haematology and oncology. Ann Oncol. 2005;16(8):1381-1390. (Pubitemid 41158485)
22. Dykewicz CA. Summary of the Guidelines for Preventing Opportunistic Infections among Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33(2):139-144. (Pubitemid 32643326)
23. Gerbitz A, Schultz M, Wilke A, et al. Probiotic effects on experimental graft-versus-host disease: let them eat yogurt. Blood. 2004;103(11):4365-4367. (Pubitemid 38685386)
24. Cohen J, Moore RH, Al Hashimi S, Jones L, Apperley JF, Aber VR. Antibody titres to a rough-mutant strain of Escherichia coli in patients undergoing allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation: evidence of a protective effect against graft-versus-host disease. Lancet. 1987;1(8523):8-11.
25. Bayston K, Baumgartner JD, Clark P, Cohen J. Anti-endotoxin antibody for prevention of acute GVHD. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1991;8(5):426-427.
26. Schnare M, Barton GM, Holt AC, Takeda K, Akira S, Medzhitov R. Toll-like receptors control activation of adaptive immune responses. Nat Immunol. 2001;2(10):947-950. (Pubitemid 32976167)
27. Cooke KR, Gerbitz A, Crawford JM, et al. LPS antagonism reduces graft-versus-host disease and preserves graft-versus-leukemia activity after experimental bone marrow transplantation. J Clin Invest. 2001;107(12):1581-1589. (Pubitemid 32574644)
28. Iwasaki A, Medzhitov R. Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses. Nat Immunol. 2004;5(10):987-995. (Pubitemid 41057715)
29. Hawn TR, Wu H, Grossman JM, Hahn BH, Tsao BP, Aderem A. A stop codon polymorphism of Toll-like receptor 5 is associated with resistance to systemic lupus erythematosus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(30):10593-10597. (Pubitemid 41061599)
30. Leadbetter EA, Rifkin IR, Hohlbaum AM, Beaudette BC, Shlomchik MJ, Marshak-Rothstein A. Chromatin-IgG complexes activate B cells by dual engagement of IgM and Toll-like receptors. Nature. 2002;416(6881):603-607. (Pubitemid 34406754)
31. Viglianti GA, Lau CM, Hanley TM, Miko BA, Shlomchik MJ, Marshak-Rothstein A. Activation of autoreactive B cells by CpG dsDNA. Immunity. 2003;19(6):837-847. (Pubitemid 37542304)
32. Abdollahi-Roodsaz S, Joosten LA, Roelofs MF, et al. Inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 breaks the inflammatory loop in autoimmune destructive arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(9):2957-2967. (Pubitemid 47502742)
33. Franchimont D, Vermeire S, El Housni H, et al. Deficient host-bacteria interactions in inflammatory bowel disease? the toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 Asp299gly polymorphism is associated with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Gut. 2004; 53(7):987-992. (Pubitemid 38824157)
34. Pierik M, Joossens S, Van Steen K, et al. Toll-like receptor-1, -2, and -6 polymorphisms influence disease extension in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006;12(1):1-8. (Pubitemid 43032444)
35. Sartor RB, Muehlbauer M. Microbial host interactions in IBD: implications for pathogenesis and therapy. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2007;9(6):497-507.
36. Heimesaat MM, Fischer A, Siegmund B, et al. Shift towards pro-inflammatory intestinal bacteria aggravates acute murine colitis via Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. PLoS ONE. 2007;2(7):e662.
37. Podolsky DK, Gerken G, Eyking A, Cario E. Colitis-associated variant of TLR2 causes impaired mucosal repair because of TFF3 deficiency. Gastroenterology. 2009;137(1):209-220.
38. Vijay-Kumar M, Wu H, Aitken J, et al. Activation of toll-like receptor 3 protects against DSS-induced acute colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2007;13(7):856-864. (Pubitemid 47203863)
39. Ehlers M, Ravetch JV. Opposing effects of Toll-like receptor stimulation induce autoimmunity or tolerance. Trends Immunol. 2007;28(2):74-79. (Pubitemid 46176735)
40. Hayashi T, Gray CS, Chan M, et al. Prevention of autoimmune disease by induction of tolerance to Toll-like receptor 7. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(8):2764-2769.
41. Vijay-Kumar M, Sanders CJ, Taylor RT, et al. Deletion of TLR5 results in spontaneous colitis in mice. J Clin Invest. 2007;117(12):3909-3921. (Pubitemid 350224100)
42. Lee J, Mo JH, Katakura K, et al. Maintenance of colonic homeostasis by distinctive apical TLR9 signalling in intestinal epithelial cells. Nat Cell Biol. 2006;8(12):1327-1336.
43. De Jager PL, Franchimont D, Waliszewska A, et al. The role of the Toll receptor pathway in susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases. Genes Immun. 2007;8(5):387-397.
44. Oostenbrug LE, Drenth JP, de Jong DJ, et al. Association between Toll-like receptor 4 and inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2005; 11(6):567-575. (Pubitemid 40826344)
45. Nestel FP, Price KS, Seemayer TA, Lapp WS. Macrophage priming and lipopolysaccharide-triggered release of tumor necrosis factor alpha during graft-versus-host disease. J Exp Med. 1992;175(2):405-413.
46. Cooke KR, Hill GR, Crawford JM, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha production to lipopolysaccharide stimulation by donor cells predicts the severity of experimental acute graft-versus-host disease. J Clin Invest. 1998;102(10):1882-1891.
47. Fegan C, Poynton CH, Whittaker JA. The gut mucosal barrier in bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1990;5(6):373-377.
48. Garantziotis S, Palmer SM, Snyder LD, et al. Alloimmune lung injury induced by local innate immune activation through inhaled lipopolysaccharide. Transplantation. 2007;84(8):1012-1019. (Pubitemid 350287382)
49. Shlomchik WD. Graft-versus-host disease. Nat Rev. 2007;7(5):340-352.
50. Calcaterra C, Sfondrini L, Rossini A, et al. Critical role of TLR9 in acute graft-versus-host disease. J Immunol. 2008;181(9):6132-6139.
51. Arbour NC, Lorenz E, Schutte BC, et al. TLR4 mutations are associated with endotoxin hyporesponsiveness in humans. Nat Genet. 2000;25(2): 187-191. (Pubitemid 30394990)
52. Lorenz E, Schwartz DA, Martin PJ, et al. Association of TLR4 mutations and the risk for acute GVHD after HLA-matched-sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2001;7(7):384-387. (Pubitemid 32799056)
53. Elmaagacli AH, Koldehoff M, Hindahl H, et al. Mutations in innate immune system NOD2/CARD 15 and TLR-4 (Thr399Ile) genes influence the risk for severe acute graft-versus-host disease in patients who underwent an allogeneic transplantation. Transplantation. 2006;81(2):247-254.
54. Chakraverty R, Cote D, Buchli J, et al. An inflammatory checkpoint regulates recruitment of graft-versus- host reactive T cells to peripheral tissues. J Exp Med. 2006;203(8):2021-2031. (Pubitemid 44188475)
55. Taylor PA, Ehrhardt MJ, Lees CJ, et al. TLR agonists regulate alloresponses and uncover a critical role for donor APCs in allogeneic bone marrow rejection. Blood. 2008;112(8):3508-3516.
56. Jasperson LK, Bucher C, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Mellor AL, Munn DH, Blazar BR. Inducing the tryptophan catabolic pathway, indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase (IDO), for suppression of graft-versus- host disease (GVHD) lethality. Blood. 2009;114(24):5062-5070.
57. Jasperson LK, Bucher C, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, et al. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is a critical regulator of acute graft-versus-host disease lethality. Blood. 2008;111(6):3257-3265.
58. Shlomchik WD, Couzens MS, Tang CB, et al. Prevention of graft versus host disease by inactivation of host antigen-presenting cells. Science. 1999;285(5426):412-415. (Pubitemid 29343964)
59. Duffner UA, Maeda Y, Cooke KR, et al. Host dendritic cells alone are sufficient to initiate acute graft-versus-host disease. J Immunol. 2004; 172(12):7393-7398. (Pubitemid 38747600)
60. Duramad O, Fearon KL, Chang B, et al. Inhibitors of TLR-9 act on multiple cell subsets in mouse and man in vitro and prevent death in vivo from systemic inflammation. J Immunol. 2005;174(9): 5193-5200. (Pubitemid 40593156)
61. Hugot JP, Chamaillard M, Zouali H, et al. Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Nature. 2001; 411(6837):599-603.
62. Ogura Y, Bonen DK, Inohara N, et al. A frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Nature. 2001;411(6837):603- 606.
63. Miceli-Richard C, Lesage S, Rybojad M, et al. CARD15 mutations in Blau syndrome. Nat Genet. 2001;29(1):19-20.
64. Kanazawa N, Okafuji I, Kambe N, et al. Early-onset sarcoidosis and CARD15 mutations with constitutive nuclear factor-kappaB activation: common genetic etiology with Blau syndrome. Blood. 2005;105(3):1195-1197.
65. Penack O, Smith OM, Cunningham-Bussel A, et al. NOD2 regulates hematopoietic cell function during graft-versus-host disease. J Exp Med. 2009;28;206(10):2101-2110.
66. Caron G, Duluc D, Fremaux I, et al. Direct stimulation of human T cells via TLR5 and TLR7/8: flagellin and R-848 up-regulate proliferation and IFN-gamma production by memory CD4+ T cells. J Immunol. 2005;175(3):1551-1557. (Pubitemid 41023056)
67. Dabbagh K, Lewis DB. Toll-like receptors and T-helper-1/T-helper-2 responses. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2003;16(3):199-204.
68. MacLeod H, Wetzler LM. T cell activation by TLRs: a role for TLRs in the adaptive immune response. Sci STKE. 2007;2007(402):pe48.
69. Kobayashi KS, Chamaillard M, Ogura Y, et al. Nod2-dependent regulation of innate and adaptive immunity in the intestinal tract. Science. 2005;307(5710):731-734. (Pubitemid 40194644)
70. Strober W, Murray PJ, Kitani A, Watanabe T. Signalling pathways and molecular interactions of NOD1 and NOD2. Nat Rev. 2006;6(1):9-20. (Pubitemid 43279749)
71. Watanabe T, Asano N, Murray PJ, et al. Muramyl dipeptide activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 protects mice from experimental colitis. J Clin Invest. 2008;118(2): 545-559.
72. Watanabe T, Kitani A, Murray PJ, Strober W. NOD2 is a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor 2-mediated T helper type 1 responses. Nat Immunol. 2004;5(8):800-808. (Pubitemid 39172973)
73. Watanabe T, Kitani A, Murray PJ, Wakatsuki Y, Fuss IJ, Strober W. Nucleotide binding oligomerization domain 2 deficiency leads to dysregulated TLR2 signaling and induction of antigen-specific colitis. Immunity. 2006;25(3):473-485. (Pubitemid 44355006)
74. Yang Z, Fuss IJ, Watanabe T, et al. NOD2 transgenic mice exhibit enhanced MDP-mediated down-regulation of TLR2 responses and resistance to colitis induction. Gastroenterology. 2007; 133(5):1510-1521. (Pubitemid 350029733)
75. Holler E, Rogler G, Brenmoehl J, et al. Prognostic significance of NOD2/CARD15 variants in HLA-identical sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: effect on long-term outcome is confirmed in 2 independent cohorts and may be modulated by the type of gastrointestinal decontamination. Blood. 2006;107(10):4189-4193.
76. Holler E, Rogler G, Herfarth H, et al. Both donor and recipient NOD2/CARD15 mutations associate with transplant-related mortality and GvHD following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Blood. 2004;104(3):889-894. (Pubitemid 38970589)
77. Holler E, Rogler G, Brenmoehl J, et al. The role of genetic variants of NOD2/CARD15, a receptor of the innate immune system, in GvHD and complications following related and unrelated donor haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Int J Immunogen. 2008;35(4-5):381-384.
78. Hildebrandt GC, Granell M, Urbano-Ispizua A, et al. Recipient NOD2/CARD15 variants: a novel independent risk factor for the development of bronchiolitis obliterans after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2008;14(1):67-74. (Pubitemid 350286740)
79. van der Velden WJ, Blijlevens NM, Maas FM, et al. NOD2 polymorphisms predict severe acute graft-versus-host and treatment-related mortality in T-cell-depleted haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2009;44(4): 243-248.
80. Granell M, Urbano-Ispizua A, Arostegui JI, et al. Effect of NOD2/CARD15 variants in T-cell depleted allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Haematologica. 2006;91(10):1372-1376. (Pubitemid 44569811)
81. Sairafi D, Uzunel M, Remberger M, Ringden O, Mattsson J. No impact of NOD2/CARD15 on outcome after SCT. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2008; 41(11):961-964.
82. Mayor NP, Shaw BE, Hughes DA, et al. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the NOD2/CARD15 gene are associated with an increased risk of relapse and death for patients with acute leukemia after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation with unrelated donors. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(27): 4262-4269.
83. Gruhn B, Intek J, Pfaffendorf N, et al. Polymorphism of interleukin-23 receptor gene but not of NOD2/CARD15 is associated with graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2009;15(12):1571-1577.
84. van Heel DA, Ghosh S, Butler M, et al. Muramyl dipeptide and toll-like receptor sensitivity in NOD2-associated Crohn's disease. Lancet. 2005; 365(9473):1794-1796. (Pubitemid 40744660)
85. van Heel DA, Hunt KA, King K, et al. Detection of muramyl dipeptide-sensing pathway defects in patients with Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006;12(7):598-605. (Pubitemid 43977741)
86. Landfried K, Bataille F, Rogler G, et al. Recipient NOD2/CARD15 status affects cellular infiltrates in human intestinal graft-versus-host disease. Clin Exp Immunol. 2009;159(1):87-92.