메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 139-163

Assessing the spatial-temporal relationship between disorder and violence

Author keywords

Broken windows; Disorder; Longitudinal; Violence

Indexed keywords


EID: 77950459474     PISSN: 07484518     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10940-009-9085-7     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (58)

References (92)
  • 1
    • 33847607448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnographically informed community evaluation: A framework and approach for evaluating community-based initiatives
    • Aronson R, Wallis AB, O'Campo PJ, Whitehead TL, Schafer P (2007) Ethnographically informed community evaluation: a framework and approach for evaluating community-based initiatives. Maternal Child Health J 11(2): 97-109.
    • (2007) Maternal Child Health J , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 97-109
    • Aronson, R.1    Wallis, A.B.2    O'Campo, P.J.3    Whitehead, T.L.4    Schafer, P.5
  • 2
    • 77950459892 scopus 로고
    • Aggregation and disaggregation in cross-sectional investigation of crime patterns
    • Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Society of Criminology, San Diego
    • Bailey WC (1985) Aggregation and disaggregation in cross-sectional investigation of crime patterns. Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Society of Criminology, San Diego.
    • (1985)
    • Bailey, W.C.1
  • 4
    • 33845347968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prisons: A policy challenge
    • J. Q. Wilson and J. Petersilia (Eds.), Oakland: Institute for Contemporary Studies
    • Blumstein A (2002) Prisons: a policy challenge. In: Wilson JQ, Petersilia J (eds) Crime: public policies for crime control. Institute for Contemporary Studies, Oakland, pp 451-482.
    • (2002) Crime: Public Policies for Crime Control , pp. 451-482
    • Blumstein, A.1
  • 5
    • 0004119022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A. Blumstein and J. Wallman (Eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Blumstein A, Wallman J (eds) (2000) The crime drop in America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (2000) The Crime Drop in America
  • 7
    • 74249087889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • There are no cracks in the broken windows
    • (Retrieved on 20 July 2006)
    • Bratton W, Kelling G (2006) There are no cracks in the broken windows. National review online. http://www. nationalreview. com (Retrieved on 20 July 2006).
    • (2006) National review online
    • Bratton, W.1    Kelling, G.2
  • 8
    • 48749118531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Unpublished Manuscript), chaps. 5 and 6
    • Brower S (Unpublished Manuscript) Designing for community, chaps. 5 and 6, pp 112-132.
    • Designing for community , pp. 112-132
    • Brower, S.1
  • 11
    • 73249119360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring long term individual trajectories of offending using multiple methods
    • Bushway S, Sweeten G, Nieuwbeerta P (2009) Measuring long term individual trajectories of offending using multiple methods. J Quant Criminol 25: 259-286.
    • (2009) J Quant Criminol , vol.25 , pp. 259-286
    • Bushway, S.1    Sweeten, G.2    Nieuwbeerta, P.3
  • 12
    • 0003726118 scopus 로고
    • Census Bureau, chap. 11. Department of Commerce, (Retrieved 28 Feb 2007)
    • Census Bureau (1994) Geographic area reference manual, chap. 11. Department of Commerce. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/GARM/Ch11GARM.pdf (Retrieved 28 Feb 2007).
    • (1994) Geographic area reference manual
  • 13
    • 77950459764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Census Bureau, Department of Commerce, (Retrieved 05 Sept 2006)
    • Census Bureau (2002) Modified race data summary file. Department of Commerce. http://www. census. gov/popest/archives/files/MRSF-01-US1. html (Retrieved 05 Sept 2006).
    • (2002) Modified race data summary file
  • 14
    • 0001215907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A time-series analysis of crime, deterrence, and drug abuse in New York City
    • Corman H, Mocan N (2000) A time-series analysis of crime, deterrence, and drug abuse in New York City. Am Econ Rev 90: 584-604.
    • (2000) Am Econ Rev , vol.90 , pp. 584-604
    • Corman, H.1    Mocan, N.2
  • 15
    • 20744435606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carrots, sticks and broken windows
    • Corman H, Mocan N (2005) Carrots, sticks and broken windows. J Law Econ 48: 235-266.
    • (2005) J Law Econ , vol.48 , pp. 235-266
    • Corman, H.1    Mocan, N.2
  • 16
    • 0011380881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confident policing in Hartlepool
    • N. Dennis (Ed.), London: Institute of Economic Affairs Health and Welfare Unit
    • Dennis N, Mallon R (1998) Confident policing in Hartlepool. In: Dennis N (ed) Zero tolerance: policing a free society. Institute of Economic Affairs Health and Welfare Unit, London, pp 62-87.
    • (1998) Zero Tolerance: Policing a Free Society , pp. 62-87
    • Dennis, N.1    Mallon, R.2
  • 17
    • 84926974524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Have changes in policing reduced violent crime? An assessment of the evidence
    • A. Blumstein and J. Wallman (Eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Eck JE, Maguire ER (2000) Have changes in policing reduced violent crime? An assessment of the evidence. In: Blumstein A, Wallman J (eds) The crime drop in America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 207-228.
    • (2000) The Crime Drop in America , pp. 207-228
    • Eck, J.E.1    Maguire, E.R.2
  • 18
    • 0006035495 scopus 로고
    • Crime places in crime theory
    • J. E. Eck and D. Weisburd (Eds.), Monsey: Criminal Justice Press
    • Eck JE, Weisburd D (1995) Crime places in crime theory. In: Eck JE, Weisburd D (eds) Crime and place. Criminal Justice Press, Monsey.
    • (1995) Crime and Place
    • Eck, J.E.1    Weisburd, D.2
  • 19
    • 3543040072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methodological sensitivities to latent class analysis of long-term criminal trajectories
    • Eggleston E, Laub JH, Sampson RJ (2003) Methodological sensitivities to latent class analysis of long-term criminal trajectories. J Quant Criminol 20: 1-26.
    • (2003) J Quant Criminol , vol.20 , pp. 1-26
    • Eggleston, E.1    Laub, J.H.2    Sampson, R.J.3
  • 20
    • 3042843734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turnstile jumpers and broken windows: Policing disorder in NewYork City
    • A. McArdle and T. Erzen (Eds.), New York: New York University
    • Erzen T (2001) Turnstile jumpers and broken windows: policing disorder in NewYork City. In: McArdle A, Erzen T (eds) Zero tolerance: quality of life and the new police brutality in New York City. New York University, New York, pp 19-49.
    • (2001) Zero Tolerance: Quality of Life and the New Police Brutality in New York City , pp. 19-49
    • Erzen, T.1
  • 21
    • 14644408990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federal Bureau of Investigation, Washington, DC: Department of Justice
    • Federal Bureau of Investigation (2006) Crime in the United States, uniform crime reports-2004. Department of Justice, Washington, DC.
    • (2006) Crime in the United States, Uniform Crime Reports-2004
  • 22
    • 0000063413 scopus 로고
    • The fear of crime: Broadening our perspective
    • Garofalo J, Laub JH (1978) The fear of crime: broadening our perspective. Victimology 3: 242-253.
    • (1978) Victimology , vol.3 , pp. 242-253
    • Garofalo, J.1    Laub, J.H.2
  • 23
    • 85050847761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Broken windows or window dressing? Citizens' (in)ability to tell the difference between disorder and crime
    • Gau JM, Pratt TC (2008) Broken windows or window dressing? Citizens' (in)ability to tell the difference between disorder and crime. Criminol Public Policy 7(2): 163-194.
    • (2008) Criminol Public Policy , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 163-194
    • Gau, J.M.1    Pratt, T.C.2
  • 25
    • 0034259521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Broken windows, crumpled fenders and crime
    • Giacopassi D, Forde DR (2000) Broken windows, crumpled fenders and crime. J Crim Justice 28: 397-405.
    • (2000) J Crim Justice , vol.28 , pp. 397-405
    • Giacopassi, D.1    Forde, D.R.2
  • 26
    • 22644451692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zero tolerance: A case study of police policies and practices in New York City
    • Greene JA (1999) Zero tolerance: a case study of police policies and practices in New York City. Crime Delinq 45: 171-187.
    • (1999) Crime Delinq , vol.45 , pp. 171-187
    • Greene, J.A.1
  • 27
    • 11144261700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communities, street guns, and homicide trajectories in Chicago, 1980-1995: Merging methods for examining homicide trends across space and time
    • Griffiths E, Chavez JM (2004) Communities, street guns, and homicide trajectories in Chicago, 1980-1995: merging methods for examining homicide trends across space and time. Criminology 42(4): 941-978.
    • (2004) Criminology , vol.42 , Issue.4 , pp. 941-978
    • Griffiths, E.1    Chavez, J.M.2
  • 28
    • 84892092664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where the action is at places: Examining spatio-temporal patterns of juvenile crime at places using trajectory analysis and GIS
    • D. Weisburd, W. Bernasco, and G. Bruinsma (Eds.), New York: Springer
    • Groff ER, Weisburd D, Morris N (2008) Where the action is at places: examining spatio-temporal patterns of juvenile crime at places using trajectory analysis and GIS. In: Weisburd D, Bernasco W, Bruinsma G (eds) Putting crime in its place: units of analysis in spatial crime research. Springer, New York, pp 61-86.
    • (2008) Putting Crime in Its Place: Units of Analysis in Spatial Crime Research , pp. 61-86
    • Groff, E.R.1    Weisburd, D.2    Morris, N.3
  • 29
    • 77950520027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is it important to examine crime trends at a local "micro" level?: A longitudinal analysis of street to street variability in crime trajectories
    • (Forthcoming)
    • Groff ER, Weisburd D, Yang S-M (Forthcoming) Is it important to examine crime trends at a local "micro" level?: a longitudinal analysis of street to street variability in crime trajectories. J Quant Criminol.
    • J Quant Criminol
    • Groff, E.R.1    Weisburd, D.2    Yang, S.-M.3
  • 30
    • 0000327341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflecting on the subject: A critique of the social influence conception of deterrence, the broken windows theory, and order-maintenance policing New York Style
    • Harcourt BE (1998) Reflecting on the subject: a critique of the social influence conception of deterrence, the broken windows theory, and order-maintenance policing New York Style. Mich Law Rev 97: 291-389.
    • (1998) Mich Law Rev , vol.97 , pp. 291-389
    • Harcourt, B.E.1
  • 32
    • 77950457878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bratton's broken windows
    • (Retrieved on 20 July 2006)
    • Harcourt BE (2006) Bratton's broken windows. Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/commentary/la-oe-harcourt20apr20,1,1735330.story?ctrack=1&cset=true (Retrieved on 20 July 2006).
    • (2006) Los Angeles Times
    • Harcourt, B.E.1
  • 33
    • 33645765201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Broken windows: New evidence from New York City and a five-city social experiment
    • Harcourt BE, Ludwig J (2006) Broken windows: new evidence from New York City and a five-city social experiment. Univ Chic Law Rev 73: 271-320.
    • (2006) Univ Chic Law Rev , vol.73 , pp. 271-320
    • Harcourt, B.E.1    Ludwig, J.2
  • 36
    • 85044809723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trajectories of terrorism: Attack patterns of foreign groups that have targeted the United States, 1970-2004
    • LaFree G, Yang S-M, Crenshaw M (2009) Trajectories of terrorism: attack patterns of foreign groups that have targeted the United States, 1970-2004. Criminol Public Policy 8(3): 445-473.
    • (2009) Criminol Public Policy , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 445-473
    • Lafree, G.1    Yang, S.-M.2    Crenshaw, M.3
  • 37
    • 0026722936 scopus 로고
    • Perceived risk and fear of crime: Role of social and physical incivilities
    • LaGrange RL, Ferraro KF, Supancic M (1992) Perceived risk and fear of crime: role of social and physical incivilities. J Res Crime Delinq 29: 311-334.
    • (1992) J Res Crime Delinq , vol.29 , pp. 311-334
    • Lagrange, R.L.1    Ferraro, K.F.2    Supancic, M.3
  • 39
    • 0040034422 scopus 로고
    • Random parameter stochastic process models of criminal careers
    • A. Blumstein, J. Cohen, J. A. Roth, and C. A. Visher (Eds.), Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences Press
    • Lehoczky J (1986) Random parameter stochastic process models of criminal careers. In: Blumstein A, Cohen J, Roth JA, Visher CA (eds) Criminal careers and career criminals. National Academy of Sciences Press, Washington, DC.
    • (1986) Criminal Careers and Career Criminals
    • Lehoczky, J.1
  • 41
    • 21344447208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From Poisson to the present: Applying operations research to problems of crime and justice
    • Maltz MD (1996) From Poisson to the present: applying operations research to problems of crime and justice. J Quant Criminol 12(1): 3-61.
    • (1996) J Quant Criminol , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-61
    • Maltz, M.D.1
  • 44
    • 0033441152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analyzing developmental trajectories: A semiparametric group-based approach
    • Nagin DS (1999) Analyzing developmental trajectories: a semiparametric group-based approach. Pyschol. Methods 4: 139-157.
    • (1999) Pyschol. Methods , vol.4 , pp. 139-157
    • Nagin, D.S.1
  • 45
    • 3543028108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to methodological sensitivities to latent class analysis of long-term criminal trajectories
    • Nagin DS (2004) Response to methodological sensitivities to latent class analysis of long-term criminal trajectories. J Quant Criminol 20: 27-35.
    • (2004) J Quant Criminol , vol.20 , pp. 27-35
    • Nagin, D.S.1
  • 47
    • 21144468543 scopus 로고
    • Age, criminal careers, and population heterogeneity: Specification and estimation of a nonparametric, mixed Poisson model
    • Nagin DS, Land KC (1993) Age, criminal careers, and population heterogeneity: specification and estimation of a nonparametric, mixed Poisson model. Criminology 31: 327-362.
    • (1993) Criminology , vol.31 , pp. 327-362
    • Nagin, D.S.1    Land, K.C.2
  • 48
    • 0033191971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trajectories of boys' physical aggression, opposition, and hyperactivity on the path to physically violent and nonviolent juvenile delinquency
    • Nagin DS, Tremblay RE (1999) Trajectories of boys' physical aggression, opposition, and hyperactivity on the path to physically violent and nonviolent juvenile delinquency. Child Dev 70: 1181-1196.
    • (1999) Child Dev , vol.70 , pp. 1181-1196
    • Nagin, D.S.1    Tremblay, R.E.2
  • 49
    • 0035287985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analyzing developmental trajectories of distinct but related behaviors: A group-based method
    • Nagin DS, Tremblay RE (2001) Analyzing developmental trajectories of distinct but related behaviors: a group-based method. Pyschol. Methods 6: 18-34.
    • (2001) Pyschol. Methods , vol.6 , pp. 18-34
    • Nagin, D.S.1    Tremblay, R.E.2
  • 50
    • 41649098457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life course turning points: The effect of grade retention on physical aggression
    • Nagin DS, Pagani L, Tremblay RE, Vitaro F (2003) Life course turning points: the effect of grade retention on physical aggression. Dev Psychopathol 15: 343-361.
    • (2003) Dev Psychopathol , vol.15 , pp. 343-361
    • Nagin, D.S.1    Pagani, L.2    Tremblay, R.E.3    Vitaro, F.4
  • 51
    • 0034419145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poisson-based regression analysis of aggregate crime rates
    • Osgood DW (2000) Poisson-based regression analysis of aggregate crime rates. J Quant Criminol 16(1): 21-43.
    • (2000) J Quant Criminol , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-43
    • Osgood, D.W.1
  • 52
    • 0346307360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incivilities in non-metropolitan communities: The effects of structural constraints, social conditions, and crime
    • Reisig M, Cancino JM (2004) Incivilities in non-metropolitan communities: the effects of structural constraints, social conditions, and crime. J Crim Justice 32: 15-29.
    • (2004) J Crim Justice , vol.32 , pp. 15-29
    • Reisig, M.1    Cancino, J.M.2
  • 53
    • 34249734271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of order-maintenance policing on New York City homicide and robbery rates: 1988-2001
    • Rosenfeld R, Fornango R, Rengifo AF (2007) The impact of order-maintenance policing on New York City homicide and robbery rates: 1988-2001. Criminology 45: 355-384.
    • (2007) Criminology , vol.45 , pp. 355-384
    • Rosenfeld, R.1    Fornango, R.2    Rengifo, A.F.3
  • 54
    • 84936089189 scopus 로고
    • Community structure and crime: Testing social- disorganization theory
    • Sampson RJ, Groves WB (1989) Community structure and crime: testing social- disorganization theory. Am J Sociol 94: 774-802.
    • (1989) Am J Sociol , vol.94 , pp. 774-802
    • Sampson, R.J.1    Groves, W.B.2
  • 56
    • 0039572075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic social observation of public spaces: A new look at disorder in urban neighborhoods
    • Sampson RJ, Raudenbush SW (1999) Systematic social observation of public spaces: a new look at disorder in urban neighborhoods. Am J Sociol 105: 603-651.
    • (1999) Am J Sociol , vol.105 , pp. 603-651
    • Sampson, R.J.1    Raudenbush, S.W.2
  • 58
    • 12344260546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seeing disorder: Neighborhood stigma and the social construction of 'broken windows
    • Sampson RJ, Raudenbush SW (2004) Seeing disorder: neighborhood stigma and the social construction of 'broken windows'. Soc Pyschol Q 67: 319-342.
    • (2004) Soc Pyschol Q , vol.67 , pp. 319-342
    • Sampson, R.J.1    Raudenbush, S.W.2
  • 59
    • 0030879479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy
    • Sampson R, Raudenbush SW, Earls F (1997) Neighborhoods and violent crime: a multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science 277: 918-924.
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 918-924
    • Sampson, R.1    Raudenbush, S.W.2    Earls, F.3
  • 61
    • 0005725635 scopus 로고
    • The civitas of seeing
    • Sennett R (1989) The civitas of seeing. Places 5(4): 82-84.
    • (1989) Places , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 82-84
    • Sennett, R.1
  • 64
    • 0001934221 scopus 로고
    • Hot spots of crime and criminal careers of places
    • J. E. Eck and D. Weisburd (Eds.), Monsey: Willow Tree Press
    • Sherman L (1995) Hot spots of crime and criminal careers of places. In: Eck JE, Weisburd D (eds) Crime and place: crime prevention studies. Willow Tree Press, Monsey.
    • (1995) Crime and Place: Crime Prevention Studies
    • Sherman, L.1
  • 65
    • 77950459990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Criminology and the human condition: Unpacking the power of the few
    • Presented at the Seventh Jerry Lee Crime Prevention Symposium, University of Maryland
    • Sherman L (2007) Criminology and the human condition: unpacking the power of the few. Presented at the Seventh Jerry Lee Crime Prevention Symposium, University of Maryland.
    • (2007)
    • Sherman, L.1
  • 66
    • 84946458134 scopus 로고
    • General deterrent effects of police patrol in crime hot spots: A randomized controlled trial
    • Sherman L, Weisburd D (1995) General deterrent effects of police patrol in crime hot spots: a randomized controlled trial. Justice Q 12: 625-648.
    • (1995) Justice Q , vol.12 , pp. 625-648
    • Sherman, L.1    Weisburd, D.2
  • 67
    • 0024600727 scopus 로고
    • Hot spots of predatory crime: Routine activities and the criminology of place
    • Sherman LW, Gartin P, Buerger M (1989) Hot spots of predatory crime: routine activities and the criminology of place. Criminology 27: 27-55.
    • (1989) Criminology , vol.27 , pp. 27-55
    • Sherman, L.W.1    Gartin, P.2    Buerger, M.3
  • 70
    • 84927963854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Of "broken windows", criminology, and criminal justice
    • D. L. Weisburd and A. A. Braga (Eds.), New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Sousa WH, Kelling GL (2006) Of "broken windows", criminology, and criminal justice. In: Weisburd DL, Braga AA (eds) Police innovation: contrasting perspectives. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 77-97.
    • (2006) Police Innovation: Contrasting Perspectives , pp. 77-97
    • Sousa, W.H.1    Kelling, G.L.2
  • 71
    • 57249106156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chicago: The University of Chicago Press
    • St. Jean PKB (2007) Pocket of crime. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
    • (2007) Pocket of Crime
    • St. Jean, P.K.B.1
  • 74
    • 84861407853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incivilities reduction policing, zero tolerance, and the retreat from coproduction: Weak foundation and strong pressure
    • D. L. Weisburd and A. A. Braga (Eds.), New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Taylor RB (2006) Incivilities reduction policing, zero tolerance, and the retreat from coproduction: weak foundation and strong pressure. In: Weisburd DL, Braga AA (eds) Police innovation: contrasting perspectives. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 98-114.
    • (2006) Police Innovation: Contrasting Perspectives , pp. 98-114
    • Taylor, R.B.1
  • 75
    • 0025504928 scopus 로고
    • Local crime as a natural hazard: Implications for understanding the relationship between disorder and fear of crime
    • Taylor RB, Shumaker SA (1990) Local crime as a natural hazard: implications for understanding the relationship between disorder and fear of crime. Am J Community Psychol 18: 619-641.
    • (1990) Am J Community Psychol , vol.18 , pp. 619-641
    • Taylor, R.B.1    Shumaker, S.A.2
  • 76
    • 2442612683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Order maintenance reconsidered: Moving beyond strong causal reasoning
    • Thacher D (2004) Order maintenance reconsidered: moving beyond strong causal reasoning. J Crim Law Criminol 94(2): 381-414.
    • (2004) J Crim Law Criminol , vol.94 , Issue.2 , pp. 381-414
    • Thacher, D.1
  • 77
    • 19744362046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ecological study of the location of gang "set space"
    • Tita GE, Cohen J, Engberg J (2005) An ecological study of the location of gang "set space". Soc Probl 52(2): 272-299.
    • (2005) Soc Probl , vol.52 , Issue.2 , pp. 272-299
    • Tita, G.E.1    Cohen, J.2    Engberg, J.3
  • 78
    • 33845966409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting decade-long changes in community motor vehicle theft rates: Impacts of structure and surround
    • Walsh JA, Taylor RB (2007) Predicting decade-long changes in community motor vehicle theft rates: impacts of structure and surround. J Res Crime Delinq 44(1): 64-90.
    • (2007) J Res Crime Delinq , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 64-90
    • Walsh, J.A.1    Taylor, R.B.2
  • 79
    • 0024440594 scopus 로고
    • What is the perceived seriousness of crimes?
    • Warr M (1989) What is the perceived seriousness of crimes? Criminology 27(4): 795-821.
    • (1989) Soc Sci Q , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 795-821
    • Warr, M.1
  • 80
    • 84927958509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D. Weisburd and A. A. Braga (Eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Weisburd D, Braga AA (eds) (2006) Police innovation: contrasting perspectives. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (2006) Police Innovation: Contrasting Perspectives
  • 82
    • 84993804234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crime and disorder in drug hot spots: Implications for theory and practice in policing
    • Weisburd D, Mazerolle LG (2000) Crime and disorder in drug hot spots: implications for theory and practice in policing. Police Q 3: 331-349.
    • (2000) Police Q , vol.3 , pp. 331-349
    • Weisburd, D.1    Mazerolle, L.G.2
  • 83
    • 0009751405 scopus 로고
    • Contrasting crime general and crime specific theory: The case of hot spots of crime
    • Weisburd D, Maher L, Sherman L (1992) Contrasting crime general and crime specific theory: the case of hot spots of crime. Adv Criminol Theory 4: 45-69.
    • (1992) Adv Criminol Theory , vol.4 , pp. 45-69
    • Weisburd, D.1    Maher, L.2    Sherman, L.3
  • 84
    • 3142682218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trajectories of crime at places: A longitudinal study of street segments in the city of Seattle
    • Weisburd D, Bushway S, Lum C, Yang S-M (2004a) Trajectories of crime at places: a longitudinal study of street segments in the city of Seattle. Criminology 42: 283-321.
    • (2004) Criminology , vol.42 , pp. 283-321
    • Weisburd, D.1    Bushway, S.2    Lum, C.3    Yang, S.-M.4
  • 85
  • 91
    • 17144424607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovering the impact of community policing: The broken windows thesis collective efficacy and citizens' judgment
    • Xu Y, Fiedler ML, Flaming KH (2005) Discovering the impact of community policing: the broken windows thesis collective efficacy and citizens' judgment. J Res Crime Delinq 42: 147-186.
    • (2005) J Res Crime Delinq , vol.42 , pp. 147-186
    • Xu, Y.1    Fiedler, M.L.2    Flaming, K.H.3
  • 92
    • 0001584574 scopus 로고
    • The human choice: Individuation, reason, and order versus deindividuation, impulse, and chaos
    • Zimbardo PG (1969) The human choice: individuation, reason, and order versus deindividuation, impulse, and chaos. Neb Symp Motiv 17: 237-307.
    • (1969) Neb Symp Motiv , vol.17 , pp. 237-307
    • Zimbardo, P.G.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.