The effect of load distribution within military load carriage systems on the kinetics of human gait

Applied Ergonomics

Volumn 41, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 585-590

  Birrell, Stewart A ^a   Haslam, Roger A ^b  

^a BRUNEL UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Kinetics; Load carriage; Load distribution; Military

Indexed keywords

ELECTRIC POWER PLANT LOADS; ENZYME KINETICS; KINETICS; LOAD TESTING;

DISTRIBUTING-LOAD; KINETIC EFFECT; LOAD CARRIAGE; LOAD DISTRIBUTIONS; MILITARY; MILITARY LOAD CARRIAGE; MILITARY PERSONNELS; SCIENTIFIC TERMS;

LOADS (FORCES);

ADULT; ANTERIOR POSTERIOR AXIS; ARMY; ARTICLE; BRAKING FORCE; FORCE; GAIT; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; KINEMATICS; LOAD CARRIAGE SYSTEM; LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY; LOAD DISTRIBUTION; MALE; STANCE TIME; TRUNK; WEIGHT; WEIGHT LIFTING;

EID: 77950368012     PISSN: 00036870     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2009.12.004     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Abe D., Muraki S., Yasukouchi A. Ergonomic effects of load carriage on energy cost of gradient walking. Applied Ergonomics 2008, 39:144-149.
2. Attwells R.L., Birrell S.A., Hooper R.H., Mansfield N.J. Influence of carrying heavy loads on soldiers' posture, movements and gait. Ergonomics 2006, 49:1527-1537.
3. Birrell S.A., Hooper R.H., Haslam R.A. The effect of military load carriage on ground reaction forces. Gait & Posture 2007, 26:611-614.
4. Birrell S.A., Haslam R.A. The influence of rifle carriage on the kinetics of human gait. Ergonomics 2008, 51:816-826.
5. Cavanagh P., Lafortune M.A. Ground reaction forces in distance running. Journal of Biomechanics 1980, 13:397-406.
6. Coombes J., Kingswell C. Biomechanical and physiological comparison of conventional webbing and the M83 assault vest. Applied Ergonomics 2005, 36:49-53.
7. Ciacci, S., Di Michelea, R., Mern, F, 2009. Kinematic analysis of the braking and propulsion phases during the support time in sprint running. Gait & Posture, doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.10.007.
8. Challis J. The variability in running gait caused by force plate targeting. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 2001, 17:77-83.
9. Datta S.R., Ramanathan N.L. Ergonomic comparison of seven modes of carrying loads on the horizontal plane. Ergonomics 1971, 14:269-278.
10. Fiolkowski P., Horodyski M., Bishop M., Williams M., Stylianou L. Changes in gait kinematics and posture with the use of a front pack. Ergonomics 2006, 49:885-984.
11. Harman E., Frykman P., Knapik J., Han K.-H. Backpack vs. front-back pack: differential effects of load on walking posture. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 1994, 26:S140.
12. Harman E., Frykman P., Pandorf C., LaFiandra M., Bensel C., Kirk J. Effects of Backpack Volume on the Biomechanics of Load Carriage 2001, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA.
13. Harman E., Han K.-H., Frykman P., Pandorf C. The Effects of Backpack Weight on the Biomechanics of Load Carriage 2000, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, T00-T17.
14. Harman E., Obusek J.P., Frykman P., Palmer C.J., Bills R., Kirk J. Backpacking energy cost and physical performance: internal vs. external frame, belt vs. no belt. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 1997, 29:S205.
15. Hsiang S.M., Chang C. The effect of gait speed and load carrying on the reliability of ground reaction forces. Safety Science 2002, 40:639-657.
16. Kinoshita H. Effects of different loads and carrying systems on selected biomechanical parameters describing walking gait. Ergonomics 1985, 28:1347-1362.
17. Knapik J., Reynolds K., Barson J. The Influence of Antiperspirants on Foot Blister Incidence Following Road Marching 1997, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA.
18. Knapik J., Ang P., Meiselman H., Johnson W., Kirk J., Bensel C., Hanlon W. Soldier performance and strenuous road marching: influence of load mass and load distribution. Military Medicine 1997, 162:62-67.
19. Koulmann N. Biomechanical, physiological and thermoregulatory responses during prolonged walking with different load carriage distribution. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 2006, 38:S358.
20. Legg S.J., Mahanty A. Comparison of five modes of carrying a load close to the trunk. Ergonomics 1985, 28:1653-1660.
21. Lloyd R., Cooke C.B. Kinetic changes associated with load carriage using two rucksack designs. Ergonomics 2000, 43:1331-1341.
22. Lloyd R., Cooke C.B. The oxygen consumption associated with unloaded walking and load carriage using two different backpack designs. European Journal of Applied Physiology 2000, 81:486-492.
23. MacKinnon C.D., Winter D.A. Control of whole body balance in the frontal plane during human walking. Journal of Biomechanics 1993, 26:633-644.
24. Martin P.E., Marsh A. Step length and frequency effects on ground reaction forces during walking. Journal of Biomechanics 1992, 25:1237-1239.
25. Polcyn A., Bensel C., Harman E., Obusek J., Pandorf C., Frykman P. Effects of Weight Carried by Soldiers: Combined Analysis of Four Studies on Maximal Performance, Physiology, and Biomechanics 2002, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, TR-02/010.
26. Schiffman J., Bensel C., Hasselquist L., Gregorczyk K., Piscitelle L. Effects of carried weight on random motion and traditional measures of postural sway. Applied Ergonomics 2006, 37:607-614.
27. Tilbury-Davis D.C., Hooper R.H. The kinetic and kinematic effects of increasing load carriage upon the lower limb. Human Movement Science 1999, 18:693-700.