Anxiety, attentional control, and performance impairment in penalty kicks

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

Volumn 31, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 761-775

  Wilson, Mark R ^a   Wood, Greg ^a   Vine, Samuel J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EXETER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Attentional bias; Choking; Football; Soccer; Visual attention

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; ATTENTION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; EYE FIXATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SPORT; UNITED KINGDOM;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANXIETY; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; ATTENTION; ENGLAND; FEMALE; FIXATION, OCULAR; HUMANS; MALE; SOCCER;

EID: 77950340006     PISSN: 08952779     EISSN: 15432904     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1123/jsep.31.6.761     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Bakker, F.C., Oudejans, R.D., Binsch, O., & Van der Kamp, J. (2006). Penalty shooting and gaze behaviour: Unwanted effects of the wish not to miss. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 37, 37-265.
2. Bar-Eli, M., Azar, O.H., Ritov, I., Keidar-Levin, Y., & Schein, G. (2007). Action bias among elite goalkeepers: The case of penalty kicks. Journal of Economic Psychology, 28, 28-606.
3. Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.J., & van Ijzendoorn, M.H. (2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 133-1.
4. Behan, M., & Wilson, M. (2008). State anxiety and visual attention: The role of the quiet eye period in aiming to a far target. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26, 26-207.
5. Berbatov, D. (2009). I let the team down. Retrieved 14th May, from Sky Sports Website: http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11667_5211477,00.html
6. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
7. Corbetta, M., & Shulman, G.L. (2002). Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 3, 3-201.
8. Derakshan, N., Ansari, T.L., Hansard, M., Shoker, L., & Eysenck, M.W. (2009). Anxiety, inhibition, efficiency and effectiveness: An investigation using the antisaccade task. Experimental Psychology, 56, 56-48.
9. Easterbrook, J.A. (1959). The effect of emotion on cue utilization and the organization of behavior. Psychological Review, 66, 66-183.
10. Eysenck, M.W. (1982). Attention and arousal: Cognition and performance. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
11. Eysenck, M.W., & Calvo, M.G. (1992). Anxiety and performance: The processing efficiency theory. Cognition and Emotion, 6, 6-409.
12. Eysenck, M.W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R., & Calvo, M.G. (2007). Anxiety and cognitive performance: Attentional control theory. Emotion (Washington, D.C.), 7, 7-336.
13. Fisher, A.C., & Zwart, E.F. (1982). Psychological analysis of athlete's anxiety responses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 58-844.
14. Greenlees, I.A., Leyland, A., Thelwell, R., & Filby, W. (2008). Soccer penalty takers' uniform colour and pre-penalty kick gaze affect the impressions formed of them by opposing goalkeepers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26, 26-569.
15. Hill, R.A., & Barton, R.A. (2005). Red enhances human performance in contests. Nature, 435, 293.
16. Janelle, C.M. (2002). Anxiety arousal and visual attention: a mechanistic account of performance variability. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20, 20-237.
17. Janelle, C.M., Singer, R.N., & Williams, A.M. (1999). External distraction and attentional narrowing: Visual search evidence. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 21, 21-70.
18. Jordet, G. (2009). Why do English players fail in soccer penalty shootouts? A study of team status, self-regulation, and choking under pressure. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27, 27-97.
19. Jordet, G., Elferink-Gemser, M.T., Lemmink, K.A.P.M., & Visscher, C. (2006). The "Russian roulette" of soccer?: Perceived control and anxiety in a major tournament penalty shootout. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 37, 37-281.
20. Jordet, G., Hartman, E., Visscher, C., & Lemmink, K.A.P.M. (2007). Kicks from the penalty mark in soccer: The roles of stress, skill, and fatigue for kick outcomes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25, 25-121.
21. Krane, V. (1994). The mental readiness form as a measure of competitive state anxiety. The Sport Psychologist, 8, 8-189.
22. Kuhn, W. (1988). Penalty-kick strategies for shooters and goalkeepers. In T. Reilly, A. Lees, K. Davids, & W.J. Murphy (Eds.), Science and football (pp. 489-492). London: E & FN Spon.
23. Lox, C.L. (1992). The role of perceived threat as a cognitive component of state anxiety and confidence. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 75, 75-1092.
24. Martens, R., Burton, D., Vealey, R.S., Bump, L., & Smith, D.E. (1990). Development and validation of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. In R. Martens, R.S. Vealey, & D. Burton (Eds.), Competitive anxiety in sport (pp. 117-178). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
25. Masters, R.S.W., van der Kamp, J., & Jackson, R.C. (2007). Imperceptibly off-center goalkeepers influence penalty-kick direction in soccer. Psychological Science, 18, 18-222.
26. Murray, N.P., & Janelle, C.M. (2003). Anxiety and performance: A visual search examination of the processing efficiency theory. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 25, 25-171.
27. Murray, N.P., & Janelle, C.M. (2007). Event-related potential evidence for the processing efficiency theory. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25, 25-161.
28. Nieuwenhuys, A., Pijpers, J.R., Oudejans, R.R.D., & Bakker, F.C. (2008). The influence of anxiety on visual attention in climbing. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 30, 30-171.
29. Van der Kamp, J. (2006). A field simulation study of the effectiveness of penalty kick strategies in soccer: Late alteration of kick direction increase errors and reduce accuracy. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24, 24-467.
30. Van der Kamp, J., & Masters, R.S.W. (2008). The human Müller-Lyer illusion in goalkeeping. Perception, 37, 37-951.
31. Vickers, J.N. (1996). Visual control when aiming at a far target. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance, 2, 2-324.
32. Vickers, J.N. (2007). Perception, cognition and decision training: The quiet eye in action. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
33. Vickers, J.N., & Williams, A.M. (2007). Performing under pressure: The effects of physiological arousal, cognitive anxiety, and gaze control in biathlon. Journal of Motor Behavior, 39, 39-381.
34. Wegner, D.M. (1994). Ironic processes of mental control. Psychological Review, 101, 101-34.
35. Weierich, M.R., Treat, T.A., & Hollingworth, A. (2008). Theories and measurement of visual attentional processing in anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 22, 22-985.
36. Williams, A.M., & Elliott, D. (1999). Anxiety, expertise, and visual search strategy in karate. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 21, 21-326.
37. Williams, A.M., Vickers, J.N., & Rodrigues, S. (2002). The Effects of Anxiety on Visual Search, Movement Kinematics, and Performance in Table Tennis: A Test of Eysenck and Calvo's Processing Efficiency Theory. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 24, 24-438.
38. Wilson, M. (2008). From processing efficiency to attentional control: A mechanistic account of the anxiety-performance relationship. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1, 1-184.
39. Wilson, M., Smith, N.C., & Holmes, P.S. (2007a). The role of effort in moderating the anxiety-performance relationship: Testing the conflicting predictions of processing efficiency theory and the conscious processing hypothesis. The British Journal of Psychology, 98, 98-411.
40. Wilson, M.R., Vine, S.J., & Wood, G. (2009). The influence of anxiety on visual attentional control in basketball free-throw shooting. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31, 31-152.
41. Wilson, M., Chattington, M., Marple-Horvat, D.E., & Smith, N.C. (2007b). A comparison of self-focus versus attentional explanations of choking. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 29, 29-439.
42. Wilson, M., Smith, N.C., Chattington, M., Ford, M., & Marple-Horvat, D.E. (2006). The role of effort in moderating the anxiety-performance relationship: Testing the predictions of processing efficiency theory in simulated rally driving. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24, 24-1223.
43. Wood, G., & Wilson, M.R. (in press).Gaze behaviour and shooting strategies in football penalty kicks: Implications of a 'keeper-dependent approach. International Journal of Sport Psychology.