Hyperammoneic encephalopathy, valproic acid, and benzodiazepine withdrawal: A case series

American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

Volumn 36, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 98-101

  Starer, Jacquelyn ^a   Chang, Grace ^b,c  

^a Brigham and Women's/Faulkner Hospitals   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Benzodiazepine dependence; Benzodiazepine withdrawal; Hyperammoneic encephalopathy; Seizures; Valproic acid

Indexed keywords

ALPRAZOLAM; AMMONIA; BENZODIAZEPINE; BUPRENORPHINE; CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE; HALOPERIDOL; LACTULOSE; LORAZEPAM; NALOXONE; OXCARBAZEPINE; VALPROIC ACID;

ADULT; AGITATION; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; ALCOHOLISM; ARTICLE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; AUDITORY HALLUCINATION; BRAIN DISEASE; CASE REPORT; CONFUSION; DELUSIONAL DISORDER; DISORIENTATION; DRUG ABUSE; DRUG DEPENDENCE; DRUG DETOXIFICATION; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; FEMALE; GAIT DISORDER; HEROIN DEPENDENCE; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HUMAN; HYPERAMMONEMIA; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH; OPIATE ADDICTION; VISUAL HALLUCINATION; WITHDRAWAL SEIZURE; WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME;

BENZODIAZEPINES; BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; FEMALE; GABA AGENTS; HUMANS; HYPERAMMONEMIA; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT CENTERS; SUBSTANCE WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VALPROIC ACID;

EID: 77950269691     PISSN: 00952990     EISSN: 10979891     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/00952991003674804     Document Type: Article

References (13)

1. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Prescription Medications. Available at: http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugpages/prescription.html. Accessed August 31, 2009.
2. Dickinson WE, Eickelberg, SJ. Management of sedative-hypnotic intoxication and withdrawal. In Principles of Addiction Medicine Fourth Edition. Graham AW, Schultz TK, Mayo-Smith MF, et al. Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine, 2009; pp. 573- 587.
3. Fialip J, Aumaitre O, Eschalier A, Maradeix B, Dordain G, Lavarenne J. Benzodiazepine withdrawal seizures: Analysis of 48 case reports. Clinical Neuropharmacology 1987; 10(6):538-544.
4. Rath A, Naryanan TJ, Chowdhary GV, Murthy JM. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy with normal liver function. Neurol India 2005; 53:226-228.
5. Wadzinski J, Franks R, Roane D, Bayard M. Valproate-associated hyperammonemic encephalopathy. J Am Board Fam Med. 2007; 20(5):499-502.
6. Wiegand W, Olsen K, Hern H. Toxicity, Valproate: eMedicine Emergency Medicine. Available at: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/819315- overview. Last accessed October 5, 2009.
7. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
8. Zullino DF, Khazaal Y, Haettenschwiler J, Borgeat F, Besson J. Anticonvulsant Drugs in the Treatment of Substance Withdrawal. Drugs of Today 2004; 40(7):603-619.
9. Batki SL, Kauffman JF, Marion I, Parrino MW,Woody GE, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT). Medication-assisted treatment for opioid addiction in opioid treatment programs. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 2005; pp. 184. (Treatment improvement protocol (TIP); no. 43).
10. Bisaga A. Benzodiazepines and other Sedatives and Hypnotics. In: American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment. Fourth Edition. Galanter M, Kleber HD. Washington D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2008.
11. Schweizer E, Rickels K, Case WG, Greenblatt DJ. Carbamazepine treatment in patients discontinuing long-term benzodiazepine therapy.ArchGen Psychiatry 1991; 48:448.
12. DeMartinis N, Greenblatt D, Garcia EF, Case G, Rickels K, Schweizer E. Trazodone and valproate in patients discontinuing long-term benzodiazepine therapy: Effects on withdrawal symptoms and taper outcome. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 1999; 141:1-5.
13. Kaendler SH, Volk S, Pflug B. Benzodiazepinentzug mit Carbamazepin. Nervenarzt 1996; 67: 381.