Scanning electron microscopy and molecular dynamics of surfaces of growing and ablating hexagonal ice crystals

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 10, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 2927-2935

  Pfalzgraff, W C ^a   Hulscher, R M ^a   Neshyba, S P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PUGET SOUND   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CIRRUS; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ICE CRYSTAL; NUMERICAL MODEL; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SUPERSATURATION;

EID: 77950247199     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-10-2927-2010     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Bailey, M. and Hallett, J.: Growth Rates and Habits of Ice Crystals between-20 C and-70C, J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 514-544, 2004.
2. 2O Solid, Liquid, and Clusters, with an Emphasis on Ferroelectric Ordering Transition in Hexagonal Ice, J. Phys. Chem. B, 102, 8641-8653, 1998.
3. Buck, A. L.: New equations for computing vapor pressure and enhancement factor, J. Appl. Meteorol., 20, 1527-1532, 1981.
4. Carignano, M., Shepson, P., and Szleifer, I.: Molecular dynamics simulations of ice growth from supercooled water, Mol. Phys. 103, 2957-2967, 2005.
5. Cartwright, J. H. E., Escribano, B., and Sainz-Diaz, C. I.: The mesoscale morphologies of ice films: Porous and biomorphic forms of ice under astrophysical conditions, Astrophys. J., 687, 1406-1414, 2008.
6. Cross, J. D.: Study of the surface of ice with a scanning electron microscope, in: Physics of Ice: Proceedings of the international symposium on physics of ice, edited by: Riehl, N., Bullemer, B., and Engelhardt, H., Plenum, 81-94, 1968.
7. Erbe, E. F., Rango, A., Foster, J., Josberger, E. G., Pooley, C., and Wergin, W. P.: Collecting, Shipping, Storing, and Imaging Snow Crystals and Ice Grains With Low-Temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy, Microsc. Res. Tech., 62, 19-32, 2003.
8. Garrett, T. J.: Observational quantification of the optical properties of cirrus cloud: In Light Scattering Reviews, 3, edited by: Kokhanovsky, P. A., 2008.
9. Gerber, H., Takano, Y., Garrett, T. J., and Hobbs, P. V.: Nephelome-ter Measurements of the Asymmetry Parameter, Volume Extinction Coefficient, and Backscatter Ratio in Arctic Clouds, J. At-mos. Sci. 57, 3021-3034, 2000.
10. Goldie, E. C. W., Meaden, G. T., and White, R.: The concentric halo display of 14 April 1974, Weather, 31, 304-311, 1976.
11. Gravner, J. and Griffeath, D.: Modeling snow-crystal growth: A three-dimensional mesoscopic approach, Phys. Rev E, 79, 011601-1-18, 2009.
12. Hallett, J. and Mason, B. J.: The Influence of Temperature and Supersaturation on the Habit of Ice Crystals Grown from the Vapour, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, Math. Phys. Sci., 247(1251), 440-453 1958.
13. Harrington, J. Y., Lamb, D., and Carver, R.: Parameterization of surface kinetic effects for bulk microphysical models: Influences on simulated cirrus dynamics and structure, J. Geophys. Res., 114(D15), D06212, doi:10.1029/ 2008JD011050, 2009.
14. Heymsfield, A. J., and Iaquinta, J.: Cirrus crystal terminal velocities, J. Atmos. Sci., 57(7), 916-938, 2000.
15. Houston, Jr., M. E., Chao H. Hodges R. S. Sykes B. D.Kay C. M. Sonnichsen F. D. Loewen M. C. Davies P. L.: Binding of an Oligopeptide to a Specific Plane of Ice J. Biol. Chem.273; 11714-11718 1998.
16. Humphrey, W., Dalke, A., and Schulten, K.: VMD-Visual Molecular Dynamics, Journal of Molecular Graphics, 14, 33-38, 1996.
17. Knight, C. A, Cheng, C. C., and DeVries, A. L.: Adsorption of a-helical antifreeze peptides on specific ice crystal surface planes, Biophys. J., 59, 409-418, 1991.
18. Krämer, M., Schiller, C., Afchine, A., Bauer, R., Gensch, I., Mangold, A., Schlicht, S., Spelten, N., Sitnikov, N., Borrmann, S., de Reus, M., and Spichtinger, P.: Ice supersaturations and cirrus cloud crystal numbers, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3505-3522, 2009, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/3505/ 2009/.
19. Lampert, A., Ehrlich, A., Dörnbrack, A., Jourdan, O., Gayet, J.-F., Mioche, G., Shcherbakov, V., Ritter, C., and Wendisch, M.: Microphysical and radiative characterization of a subvisible mi-dlevel Arctic ice cloud by airborne observations a case study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2647-2661, 2009, http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/2647/2009/.
20. Libbrecht, K. G.: Explaining the formation of thin ice crystal plates with structure-dependent attachment kinetics, J. Cryst. Growth, 258, 168-175, 2003.
21. Lindahl, E., Hess, B., and van der Spoel, D.: GROMACS 3.0: A package for molecular simulation and trajectory analysis, J. Mol. Model., 7, 306-317, 2001.
22. Magee, N., Moyle, A., and Lamb, D.: Experimental determination of the deposition coefficient of small cirruslike crystals near-50 C, Geophys. Res. Lett., L17813, doi:10.1029/2006GL026665, 2006.
23. 2O, J. Chem. Phys., 118, 7401-7413, 2003.
24. Neshyba, S. P, Grenfell, T. C., and Warren, S. G.: Representation of a nonspherical ice particle by a collection of independent spheres for scattering and absorption of radiation: 2. Hexagonal columns and plates, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D15), 4448, doi:10.1029/2002JD003302, 2003.
25. Pereyra, R. G. and Carignano, M. A.: Ice Nanocolumns: A Molecular Dynamics Study, J. Phys. Chem. C., 113, 12699-12705, doi:10.1021/jp903404n, 2009.
26. nd Ed., Kluwer Acad., Boston, Mass., USA, 954 pp.,1997.
27. Rango, A., Wergin, W. P., Erbe, E. F., and Josberger, E. G.: Snow crystal imaging using scanning electron microscopy: III. Glacier ice, snow and biota, Hydrol. Sci. J., 45, 357-375, 2000.
28. Stephens, G. L., Tsay, S. C., Stackhouse, P. W., and Flatau, P. J.: The relevance of the microphysical and radiative properties of cirrus clouds to climate and climate feedback. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1742-1753, 1990.
29. Ulanowski, Z., Hesse, E., Kaye, P. A., and Baran, A. J.: Light scattering by complex ice-analogue crystals, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra-diat. Transfer, 100, 382-392, 2006.
30. Wood, S. E., Baker, M. B., and Calhoun D.: New model for the vapor growth of hexagonal ice crystals in the atmosphere, J. Geo-phys Res., 106, 4845-4870, 2001.
31. Walden, V. P., Warren, S. G., and Tuttle, E.: Atmospheric Ice Crystals over the Antarctic Plateau in Winter, J. Appl. Meteor., 42, 1391-1405, 2003.
32. Yang, P. and Liou, K. N.: Single-scattering properties of complex ice crystals in terrestrial atmosphere, Contr. Atmos. Phys. 71, 223-248, 1998.
33. Yang, P., Wei, H., Huang, H. L., et al.: Scattering and absorption property database for nonspherical ice particles in the near-through far-infrared spectral region, Appl. Opt., 44, 5512-5523, 2005.
34. Yang, P., Zhang, Z., Kattawar, G. W., Warren, S. G., Baum, B. A., Huang, H.-L., Hu, Y. X., Winker, D., and Iaquinta, J.: Effect of Cavities on the Optical Properties of Bullet Rosettes: Implications for Active and Passive Remote Sensing of Ice Cloud Properties, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 47, 2311-2330, 2008a.
35. Yang, P., Hong, G., Kattawar, G. W., Minnis, P., and Hu, Y.: Uncertainties Associated With the Surface Texture of Ice Particles in Satellite-Based Retrieval of Cirrus Clouds: Part II-Effect of Particle Surface Roughness on Retrieved Cloud Optical Thickness and Effective Particle Size, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote Sens., 46(7), 1948-1957, 2008b.
36. Zimmermann, F., Ebert, M., Worringen, A., Schutz, L., and Wein-bruch, S.: Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) as a new technique to determine the ice nucleation capability of individual atmospheric aerosol particles, Atmos. Environ., 41, 8219-8227, 2007.