Light propagation in statistically homogeneous and isotropic universes with general matter content

Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

Volumn 2010, Issue 3, 2010, Pages

  Räsänen, Syksy ^a,b  

^a CERN   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Dark energy theory; Gravitational lensing; Gravity

Indexed keywords

EID: 77950228133     PISSN: 14757516     EISSN: 14757516     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2010/03/018     Document Type: Article

References (220)

1. C.M. Will, 2005 The confrontation between general relativity and experiment, Living Rev. Rel. 9 3 [gr-qc/0510072]
2. S. Reynaud and M.-T. Jaekel, Tests of general relativity in the solar system, [0801.3407]
3. J.D. Anderson and M.M. Nieto, Astrometric solar-system anomalies, [0907.2469]
4. Y. Baryshev, A. Chernin and P. Teerikorpi, The local Hubble flow: a manifestation of dark energy, [astro-ph/0011528]
5. A. Chernin, P. Teerikorpi and Y. Baryshev, Why is the Hubble flow so quiet?, [astro-ph/0012021]
6. P. Teerikorpi, A.D. Chernin and Y.V. Baryshev, 2005 The quiescent Hubble flow, local dark energy tests and pairwise velocity dispersion in a Ω = 1 universe Astron. Astrophys. 440 791 [astro-ph/0506683]
7. A.D. Chernin, P. Teerikorpi and Y.V. Baryshev, 2006 Non-Friedmann cosmology for the Local Universe, significance of the universal Hubble constant and short-distance indicators of dark energy Astron. Astrophys. 456 13 [astro-ph/0603226]
8. A.D. Chernin et al., Local dark energy: HST evidence from the expansion flow around Cen A/M83 galaxy group, [0704.2753]
9. A.D. Chernin et al., Detection of dark energy near the local group with the Hubble space telescope, [0706.4068]
10. A.D. Chernin et al., 2007 Local dark energy: HST evidence from the vicinity of the M 81/M 82 galaxy group, Astrophys. 50 405 [0706.4171]
11. th JGRG conference, Hiroshima Japan, 1999 pg. 306, Y. Eriguchi et al eds., [gr-qc/0001056]
12. T. Tatekawa, M. Suda, K.-i. Maeda and H. Kubotani, Inhomogeneities in newtonian cosmology and its backreaction to the evolution of the universe, [astro-ph/0109501]
13. C. Wetterich, 2003 Can structure formation influence the cosmological evolution?, Phys. Rev. D 67 043513 [astro-ph/0111166]
14. D.J. Schwarz, Accelerated expansion without dark energy, [astro-ph/0209584]
15. A.B. Balakin, D. Pavon, D.J. Schwarz and W. Zimdahl, 2003 Curvature force and dark energy, New. J. Phys. 5 85 [astro-ph/0302150]
16. S. Rasanen, 2004 Dark energy from backreaction J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. JCAP02(2004)003 [astro-ph/0311257]
17. S. Rasanen, 2004, Backreaction of linear perturbations and dark energy, [astro-ph/0407317]
18. E.W. Kolb, S. Matarrese, A. Notari and A. Riotto, 2005 The effect of inhomogeneities on the expansion rate of the universe, Phys. Rev. D 71 023524 [hep-ph/0409038]
19. th International Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation, Cape Town South Africa, pg. 215
20. G.F.R. Ellis and W. Stoeger, 1987 The 'fitting problem' in cosmology Class. Quant. Grav. 4 1697
21. T. Buchert, 2000 On average properties of inhomogeneous fluids in general relativity. I: dust cosmologies, Gen. Rel. Grav. 32 105 [gr-qc/9906015]
22. T. Buchert, 2001 On average properties of inhomogeneous fluids in general relativity: Perfect fluid cosmologies, Gen. Rel. Grav. 33 1381 [gr-qc/0102049]
23. G.F.R. Ellis and T. Buchert, 2005 The universe seen at different scales, Phys. Lett. A 347 38 [gr-qc/0506106]
24. S. Rasanen, 2006 Accelerated expansion from structure formation J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. JCAP11(2006)003 [astro-ph/0607626]
25. T. Buchert, 2008 Dark Energy from Structure - a status Report, Gen. Rel. Grav. 40 467 [0707.2153]
26. C.-H. Chuang, J.-A. Gu and W.-Y.P. Hwang, 2008 Inhomogeneity-induced cosmic acceleration in a dust universe, Class. Quant. Grav. 25 175001 [astro-ph/0512651]
27. A. Paranjape and T.P. Singh, 2006 The possibility of cosmic acceleration via spatial averaging in Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi models, Class. Quant. Grav. 23 6955 [astro-ph/0605195]
28. T. Kai, H. Kozaki, K.-i. nakao, Y. Nambu and C.-M. Yoo, 2007 Can inhomogeneties accelerate the cosmic volume expansion?, Prog. Theor. Phys. 117 229 [gr-qc/0605120]
29. S. Rasanen, 2006 Cosmological acceleration from structure formation, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 15 2141 [astro-ph/0605632]
30. S. Rasanen, 2008 Evaluating backreaction with the peak model of structure formation J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. JCAP04(2008)026 [0801.2692]
31. S. Rasanen, 2009 The effect of structure formation on the expansion of the universe, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 17 2543 [0805.2670]
32. S. Rasanen, 2009 Structure formation as an alternative to dark energy and modified gravity, [0811.2364]
33. K. Enqvist, M. Mattsson and G. Rigopoulos, 2009 Supernovae data and perturbative deviation from homogeneity J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. JCAP09(2009)022 [0907.4003]
34. S. Rasanen, 2009 Light propagation in statistically homogeneous and isotropic dust universes J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. JCAP02(2009)011 [0812.2872]
35. D. Munshi, P. Valageas, L. Van Waerbeke and A. Heavens, 2008 Cosmology with weak lensing surveys, Phys. Rept. 462 67 [astro-ph/0612667].
36. T. Buchert and A. Dominguez, 2005 Adhesive gravitational clustering, Astron. Astrophys. 438 443 [astro-ph/0502318]
37. S. Pueblas and R. Scoccimarro, 2009 Generation of vorticity and velocity dispersion by orbit crossing, Phys. Rev. D 80 043504 [0809.4606]
38. N.C. Tsamis and R.P. Woodard, 1996 Quantum gravity slows inflation, Nucl. Phys. B 474 235 [hep-ph/9602315]
39. N.C. Tsamis and R.P. Woodard, 1997 The quantum gravitational back-reaction on inflation, Annals Phys. 253 1 [hep-ph/9602316]
40. L.R.W. Abramo, R.P. Woodard and N.C. Tsamis, 1999 Cosmological density perturbations from a quantum gravitational model of inflation Fortsch. Phys. 47 389 [astro-ph/9803172]
41. R.P. Woodard, Effective field equations of the quantum gravitational back-reaction on inflation, [astro-ph/0111462]
42. R.P. Woodard, 2005 A leading logarithm approximation for inflationary quantum field theory, Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 148 108 [astro-ph/0502556]
43. N.C. Tsamis and R.P. Woodard, 2008 Reply to 'Can infrared gravitons screen Λ?', Phys. Rev. D 78 028501 [0708.2004]
44. N.C. Tsamis and R.P. Woodard, 2009 A simplified quantum gravitational model of inflation, Class. Quant. Grav. 26 105006 [0807.5006]
45. A phenomenological model for the early universe, Phys. Rev. D 80 2009 083512 [0904.2368]
46. W. Unruh, Cosmological long wavelength perturbations, [astro-ph/9802323]
47. B. Losic and W.G. Unruh, 2005 Long-wavelength metric backreactions in slow-roll inflation, Phys. Rev. D 72 123510 [gr-qc/0510078]
48. B. Losic and W.G. Unruh, 2006 On leading order gravitational backreactions in de Sitter spacetime, Phys. Rev. D 74 023511 [gr-qc/0604122]
49. G. Geshnizjani and R. Brandenberger, 2002 Back reaction and local cosmological expansion rate, Phys. Rev. D 66 123507 [gr-qc/0204074]
50. G. Geshnizjani and R. Brandenberger, 2005 Back reaction of perturbations in two scalar field inflationary models J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. JCAP04(2005)006 [hep-th/0310265]
51. R.H. Brandenberger, Back reaction of cosmological perturbations and the cosmological constant problem, [hep-th/0210165]
52. R. Maartens, T. Gebbie and G.F.R. Ellis, 1999 Covariant cosmic microwave background anisotropies II: nonlinear dynamics, Phys. Rev. D 59 083506 [astro-ph/9808163]
53. S. Hofmann, D.J. Schwarz and H. Stoecker, Formation of small-scale structure in SUSY CDM, [astro-ph/0211325]
54. A.M. Green, S. Hofmann and D.J. Schwarz, 2004 The power spectrum of SUSY-CDM on sub-galactic scales, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 353 L23 [astro-ph/0309621]
55. A.M. Green, S. Hofmann and D.J. Schwarz, 2005 The first WIMPy halos J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. JCAP08(2005)003 [astro-ph/0503387]
56. Small scale WIMP physics, AIP Conf. Proc. 805 2006 431 [astro-ph/0508553]
57. D.W. Hogg et al., 2005 Cosmic homogeneity demonstrated with luminous red galaxies, Astrophys. J. 624 54 [astro-ph/0411197]
58. P. Sarkar, J. Yadav, B. Pandey and S. Bharadwaj, The scale of homogeneity of the galaxy distribution in SDSS DR6, [0906.3431]
59. L. Pietronero and F.S. Labini, 2006 Statistical physics for complex cosmic structures, AIP Conf. Proc. 822 294 [astro-ph/0406202]
60. M. Joyce, F. Sylos Labini, A. Gabrielli, M. Montuori and L. Pietronero, 2005 Basic properties of galaxy clustering in the light of recent results from the sloan digital sky survey, Astron. Astrophys. 443 11 [astro-ph/0501583]
61. F. Sylos Labini, N.L. Vasilyev and Y.V. Baryshev, 2007 Power law correlations in galaxy distribution and finite volume effects from the sloan digital sky survey data release four, Astron. Astrophys. 465 23 [astro-ph/0610938]
62. F.S. Labini, N.L. Vasilyev, L. Pietronero and Y.V. Baryshev, 2009 Absence of self-averaging and of homogeneity in the large scale galaxy distribution, Europhys. Lett. 86 49001 [0805.1132]
63. F.S. Labini, N.L. Vasilyev and Y.V. Baryshev, 2009 Persistent fluctuations in the distribution of galaxies from the Two degree field galaxy redshift survey, Europhys. Lett. 85 29002 [0812.3260]
64. F.S. Labini, N.L. Vasilyev and Y.V. Baryshev, 2009 Breaking of self-averaging properties of spatial galaxy fluctuations in the sloan digital sky survey - data release six, [0909.0132]
65. T. Antal, F.S. Labini, N.L. Vasilyev and Y.V. Baryshev, 2009 Galaxy distribution and extreme value statistics, Europhys. Lett. 88 59001 [0909.1507]
66. F.S. Labini, Characterizing the large scale inhomogeneity of the galaxy distribution, [0910.3833]
67. F.S. Labini, Super-homogeneity and inhomogeneities in the large scale matter distribution, [0912.1191] - ref-separator -
68. F.S. Labini, N.L. Vasilyev, Y.V. Baryshev and M. Lopez-Corredoira, 2009 Absence of anti-correlations and of baryon acoustic oscillations in the galaxy correlation function from the sloan digital sky survey DR7 Astron. Astrophys. 505 981 [0903.0950]
69. M. Kerscher, J. Schmalzing, T. Buchert and H. Wagner, 1998 Fluctuations in the IRAS 1.2 Jy catalogue, Astron. Astrophys. 333 1 [astro-ph/9704028]
70. M. Kerscher et al., 2001 Morphological fluctuations of large-scale structure: the PSCz survey, Astron. Astrophys. 373 1 [astro-ph/0101238]
71. SDSS collaboration, C. Hikage et al., 2003 Minkowski functionals of SDSS galaxies I: analysis of excursion sets, Publ. Astron. Soc. Jap. 55 911 [astro-ph/0304455]
72. HST collaboration, W.L. Freedman et al., 2001 Final results from the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project to measure the Hubble constant, Astrophys. J. 553 47 [astro-ph/0012376]
73. A.G. Riess et al., 2005 Cepheid calibrations from the Hubble Space Telescope of the luminosity of two recent type Ia supernovae and a Re-determination of the Hubble constant, Astrophys. J. 627 579 [astro-ph/0503159]
74. A. Sandage et al., 2006 The hubble constant: a summary of the HST program for the luminosity calibration of type Ia supernovae by means of Cepheids, Astrophys. J. 653 843 [astro-ph/0603647]
75. 0, Astron. Astrophys. Rev. 15 289 [0806.3018]
76. A.G. Riess et al., 2009 A redetermination of the hubble constant with the Hubble Space Telescope from a differential distance ladder, Astrophys. J. 699 539 [0905.0695]
77. N. Jackson, 2007 The Hubble constant, Living Rev. Rel. 10 4 [0709.3924]
78. J. Ehlers, 1993 Contributions to the relativistic mechanics of continuous media, Gen. Rel. Grav. 25 1225
79. J. Ehlers, 1961 Abh. Akad. Wiss. Lit. Mainz. Nat. Kl. 11 792 (in German)
80. G.F.R. Ellis, 1971 Relativistic cosmology, in General relativity and cosmology, R.K. Sachs eds., Academic Press Inc., London U.K., pg. 104
81. G.F.R. Ellis, 2009 Gen. Rel. Grav. 41 581
82. G.F.R. Ellis and H. van Elst, 1999 Cosmological models, NATO Adv. Study Inst. Ser. C. Math. Phys. Sci. 541 1 [gr-qc/9812046]
83. C.A. Clarkson, On the observational characteristics of inhomogeneous cosmologies: undermining the cosmological principle, [astro-ph/0008089]
84. C.G. Tsagas, A. Challinor and R. Maartens, 2008 Relativistic cosmology and large-scale structure, Phys. Rept. 465 61 [0705.4397]
85. R.L. Arnowitt, S. Deser and C.W. Misner, 1962 The dynamics of general relativity, in Gravitation: an introduction to current research, L. Witten eds., John Wiley, New York U.S.A., pg. 227, [gr-qc/0405109]
86. R.L. Arnowitt, S. Deser and C.W. Misner, 2008 Gen. Rel. Grav. 40 1997
87. R.T. Jantzen, P. Carini and D. Bini, Gravitoelectromagnetism: just a big word?, [gr-qc/0105096]
88. R. Maartens, 1998 Covariant velocity and density perturbations in quasi-Newtonian cosmologies, Phys. Rev. D 58 124006 [astro-ph/9808235]
89. G.F.R. Ellis, H. van Elst and R. Maartens, 2001 General relativistic analysis of peculiar velocities, Class. Quant. Grav. 18 5115 [gr-qc/0105083]
90. R.M. Wald, 1984 General Relativity, University of Chicago Press, Chicago U.S.A. [http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/find/hep/www?irn=1334239]
91. R.K. Sachs, 1961 Gravitational waves in general relativity. 6. The outgoing radiation condition, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 264 309
92. C.W. Misner, K.S. Thorne and J.A. Wheeler, 1973 Gravitation, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York U.S.A., pg. 570 [http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/ find/hep/www?irn=6627595]
93. P. Schneider, J. Ehlers and E.E. Falco, 1992 Gravitational Lenses, Springer-Verlag, New York U.S.A.
94. G.F.R. Ellis, B.A. Bassett and P.K.S. Dunsby, 1998 Lensing and caustic effects on cosmological distances, Class. Quant. Grav. 15 2345 [gr-qc/9801092]
95. G.F.R. Ellis and D.M. Solomons, 1998 Caustics of compensated spherical lens models, Class. Quant. Grav. 15 2381 [gr-qc/9802005]
96. P.K.S. Dunsby, 1997 A fully covariant description of CMB anisotropies, Class. Quant. Grav. 14 3391 [gr-qc/9707022]
97. J.P. Zibin and D. Scott, 2008 Gauging the cosmic microwave background, Phys. Rev. D 78 123529 [0808.2047]
98. S. Rasanen, 2009 On the relation between the isotropy of the CMB and the geometry of the universe, Phys. Rev. D 79 123522 [0903.3013]
99. D.D. Kocevski, C.R. Mullis and H. Ebeling, 2004 The dipole anisotropy of the first All-Sky X-ray cluster sample, Astrophys. J. 608 721 [astro-ph/0403275]
100. M.J. Hudson, R.J. Smith, J.R. Lucey and E. Branchini, 2004 Streaming motions of galaxy clusters within 12000 KM/s - V. The peculiar velocity field, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 352 61 [astro-ph/0404386]
101. D.D. Kocevski and H. Ebeling, 2006 On the origin of the local group's peculiar velocity, Astrophys. J. 645 1043 [astro-ph/0510106]
102. G. Lavaux, R.B. Tully, R. Mohayaee and S. Colombi, 2010 Cosmic flow from 2MASS redshift survey: the origin of CMB dipole and implications for LCDM cosmology, Astrophys. J. 709 483 [0810.3658]
103. K. Enqvist, 2008 Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi model and accelerating expansion, Gen. Rel. Grav. 40 451 [0709.2044]
104. J.P. Zibin, A. Moss and D. Scott, 2008 Can we avoid dark energy?, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 251303 [0809.3761]
105. J. García-Bellido and T. Haugboelle, 2009 The radial BAO scale and cosmic shear, a new observable for inhomogeneous cosmologies J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. JCAP09(2009)028 [0810.4939]
106. M.-N. Celerier, K. Bolejko, A. Krasinski and C. Hellaby, A (giant) void is not mandatory to explain away dark energy with a Lemaitre-Tolman model, [0906.0905]
107. K. Kainulainen and V. Marra, 2009 SNe observations in a meatball universe with a local void, Phys. Rev. D 80 127301 [0906.3871]
108. S. February, J. Larena, M. Smith and C. Clarkson, Rendering dark energy void, [0909.1479]
109. M. Blomqvist and E. Mortsell, Supernovae as seen by off-center observers in a local void, [0909.4723]
110. S. February, J. Larena, M. Smith and C. Clarkson, Rendering dark energy void, [0909.1479]
111. K. Tomita, 2005 Second-order gravitational effects of local inhomogeneities on CMB anisotropies in nonzero-Lambda flat cosmological models, Phys. Rev. D 72 043526 [astro-ph/0505157]
112. K. Tomita, 2005 Second-order gravitational effects of local inhomogeneities on CMB anisotropies and non-Gaussian signatures, Phys. Rev. D 72 103506 [Erratum ibid D 73 (2006) 029901] [astro-ph/0509518]
113. C. Vale, Local pancake defeats axis of evil, [astro-ph/0509039]
114. A. Cooray and N. Seto, 2005 Did WMAP see moving local structures? J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. JCAP12(2005)004 [astro-ph/0510137]
115. A. Rakic, S. Rasanen and D.J. Schwarz, 2006 Microwave sky and the local Rees-Sciama effect, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 369 L27 [astro-ph/0601445]
116. A. Rakic, S. Rasanen and D.J. Schwarz, 2006 Can extragalactic foregrounds explain the large-angle CMB anomalies?, [astro-ph/0609188] - ref-separator -
117. K.T. Inoue and J. Silk, 2006 Local voids as the origin of large-angle cosmic microwave background anomalies, Astrophys. J. 648 23 [astro-ph/0602478]
118. K.T. Inoue and J. Silk, 2007 Local voids as the origin of large-angle cosmic microwave background anomalies: the effect of a cosmological constant, Astrophys. J. 664 650 [astro-ph/0612347]
119. L.R. Abramo, L.S. Jr. and C.A. Wuensche, 2006 Anomalies in the low CMB multipoles and extended foregrounds, Phys. Rev. D 74 083515 [astro-ph/0605269]
120. M. Maturi, K. Dolag, A. Waelkens, V. Springel and T. Ensslin, 2007 The actual Rees-Sciama effect from the local universe Astron. Astrophys. 476 83 [0708.1881]
121. M. Cruz et al., The CMB cold spot: texture, cluster or void?, [0804.2904]
122. C.L. Francis and J.A. Peacock, An estimate of the local ISW signal and its impact on CMB anomalies, [0909.2495]
123. L.-P. He and Q. Guo, 2010 Modelling the WMAP large-angle anomalies as an effect of a local density inhomogeneity, Res. Astron. Astrophys. 10 116 [0912.1913]
124. D. Huterer, 2006 Mysteries on Universe's Largest Observable Scales, New Astron. Rev. 50 868 [astro-ph/0608318]
125. C.J. Copi, D. Huterer, D.J. Schwarz and G.D. Starkman, 2009 No large-angle correlations on the non-Galactic microwave sky, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 399 295 [0808.3767]
126. F.K. Hansen, A.J. Banday, K.M. Gorski, H.K. Eriksen and P.B. Lilje, 2009 Power asymmetry in cosmic microwave background fluctuations from full sky to sub-degree scales: is the universe isotropic?, Astrophys. J. 704 1448 [0812.3795]
127. J. Hoftuft et al., 2009 Increasing evidence for hemispherical power asymmetry in the five-year WMAP data, Astrophys. J. 699 985 [0903.1229]
128. R. Zhang and D. Huterer, 2010 Disks in the sky: A reassessment of the WMAP 'cold spot', Astropart. Phys. 33 69 [0908.3988]
129. G. Efstathiou, Y.-Z. Ma and D. Hanson, Large-angle correlations in the cosmic microwave background, [0911.5399]
130. D.J. Fixsen et al., 1996 The cosmic microwave background spectrum from the full COBE/FIRAS data set, Astrophys. J. 473 576 [astro-ph/9605054]
131. A. Sandage, 1962 The change of redshift and apparent luminosity of galaxies due to the deceleration of selected expanding universes, Astrophys. J. 136 319
132. J.-P. Uzan, C. Clarkson and G.F.R. Ellis, 2008 Time drift of cosmological redshifts as a test of the Copernican principle, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 191303 [0801.0068]
133. M. Quartin and L. Amendola, Distinguishing between void models and dark energy with cosmic parallax and redshift drift, [0909.4954]
134. G.F.R. Ellis, 1967 Dynamics of pressure-free matter in general relativity, J. Math. Phys. 8 1171
135. H. van Elst and C. Uggla, 1997 General relativistic 1+3 orthonormal frame approach revisited, Class. Quant. Grav. 14 2673 [gr-qc/9603026]
136. G.F.C. Duff and D. Naylor, 1966 Differential equations of applied mathematics, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York U.S.A.
137. M. Sasaki, 1993 Cosmological gravitational lens equation: its validity and limitation Prog. Theor. Phys. 90 753
138. F.K. Hansen, A.J. Banday and K.M. Gorski, 2004 Testing the cosmological principle of isotropy: local power spectrum estimates of the WMAP data, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 354 641 [astro-ph/0404206]
139. E.P. Donoghue and J.F. Donoghue, 2005 Isotropy of the early universe from CMB anisotropies, Phys. Rev. D 71 043002 [astro-ph/0411237]
140. J. Behrend, I.A. Brown and G. Robbers, 2008 Cosmological backreaction from perturbations J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. JCAP01(2008)013 [0710.4964]
141. I.A. Brown, G. Robbers and J. Behrend, 2009 Averaging Robertson-Walker cosmologies J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. JCAP04(2009)016 [0811.4495]
142. J. Larena, 2009 SPatially averaged cosmology in an arbitrary coordinate system, Phys. Rev. D 79 084006 [0902.3159]
143. C. Clarkson, K. Ananda and J. Larena, 2009 The influence of structure formation on the cosmic expansion, Phys. Rev. D 80 083525 [0907.3377]
144. I.A. Brown, J. Behrend and K.A. Malik, 2009 Gauges and cosmological backreaction J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. JCAP11(2009)027 [0903.3264]
145. M. Gasperini, G. Marozzi and G. Veneziano, 2010 A covariant and gauge invariant formulation of the cosmological 'backreaction' J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. JCAP02(2010)009 [0912.3244]
146. G.F.R. Ellis, M. Bruni and J. Hwang, 1990 Density-gradient-vorticity relation in perfect-fluid Robertson-Walker perturbations, Phys. Rev. D 42 1035
147. T. Buchert and J. Ehlers, 1997 Averaging inhomogeneous newtonian cosmologies, Astron. Astrophys. 320 1 [astro-ph/9510056]
148. C.G. Tsagas, Large-scale peculiar motions and cosmic acceleration, [0902.3232]
149. A.A. Coley, S. Hervik and W.C. Lim, 2006 Cosmology: a bird's eye view, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 15 2187 [gr-qc/0605089]
150. A.A. Coley, S. Hervik and W.C. Lim, 2006 Fluid observers and tilting cosmology, Class. Quant. Grav. 23 3573 [gr-qc/0605128]
151. T. Nakamura, K.-i. Nakao, T. Chiba and T. Shiromizu, 1995 Volume expansion rate and age of universe, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 276 L41 [astro-ph/9507085]
152. S. Rasanen, 2006 Backreaction and sPatial curvature in a dust universe, Class. Quant. Grav. 23 1823 [astro-ph/0504005]
153. D.L. Wiltshire, Dark energy without dark energy, [0712.3984]
154. D.L. Wiltshire, 2008 Cosmological equivalence principle and the weak-field limit, Phys. Rev. D 78 084032 [0809.1183]
155. D.L. Wiltshire, 2009 Average observational quantities in the timescape cosmology, Phys. Rev. D 80 123512 [0909.0749]
156. J. Chluba and R.A. Sunyaev, 2003 Superposition of blackbodies and the dipole anisotropy: A possibility to calibrate CMB experiments, Astron. Astrophys. 424 389 [astro-ph/0404067]
157. A. Stebbins, CMB spectral distortions from the scattering of temperature anisotropies, [astro-ph/0703541]
158. M. Joyce and B. Marcos, Quantification of discreteness effects in cosmological N-body simulations: I. Initial conditions, [astro-ph/0410451]
159. M. Joyce, B. Marcos, A. Gabrielli, T. Baertschiger and F.S. Labini, 2005 Gravitational evolution of a perturbed lattice and its fluid limit, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 011304 [astro-ph/0504213]
160. B. Marcos, T. Baertschiger, M. Joyce, A. Gabrielli and F.S. Labini, 2006 Linear perturbative theory of the discrete cosmological N-body problem, Phys. Rev. D 73 103507 [astro-ph/0601479]
161. T. Baertschiger, M. Joyce, A. Gabrielli and F.S. Labini, 2007 Gravitational dynamics of an infinite shuffled lattice of particles, Phys. Rev. E 75 021113 [cond-mat/0607396]
162. T. Baertschiger, M. Joyce, A. Gabrielli and F.S. Labini, 2007 Gravitational dynamics of an infinite shuffled lattice: particle coarse-grainings, non-linear clustering and the continuum limit, Phys. Rev. E 76 011116 [cond-mat/0612594]
163. M. Joyce and B. Marcos, 2007 Quantification of discreteness effects in cosmological N-body simulations: II. Evolution up to shell crossing, Phys. Rev. D 76 103505 [0704.3697]
164. A. Gabrielli and M. Joyce, Two-point correlation properties of stochastic 'cloud processes'', [0711.0270]
165. M. Joyce, B. Marcos and T. Baertschiger, 2009 Towards quantitative control on discreteness error in the non-linear regime of cosmological N body simulations Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 394 751 [0805.1357]
166. M. Joyce, Infinite self-gravitating systems and cosmological structure formation, [0805.1360]
167. Cosmological simulations of structure formation and the Vlasov equation, Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 13 2008 100 [0805.1453]
168. B. Marcos, 2008 Vlasov limit and discreteness effects in cosmological N-body simulations, Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 13 119 [0805.1500]
169. T. Clifton and P.G. Ferreira, 2009 Archipelagian cosmology: dynamics and observables in a universe with discretized matter content, Phys. Rev. D 80 103503 [0907.4109]
170. Λ due to the fluid approximation, JCAP 0910 26 [0908.4488]
171. T. Padmanabhan, 2005 Holographic gravity and the surface term in the Einstein-Hilbert action, Braz. J. Phys. 35 362 [gr-qc/0412068]
172. R.M. Zalaletdinov, 1992 Averaging out the Einstein equations Gen. Rel. Grav. 24 1015
173. M. Mars and R.M. Zalaletdinov, 1997 Space-time averages in macroscopic gravity and volume-preserving coordinates, J. Math. Phys. 38 4741 [dg-ga/9703002]
174. R.M. Zalaletdinov, 1997 Averaging problem in general relativity, macroscopic gravity and using Einstein's equations in cosmology, Bull. Astron. Soc. India 25 401 [gr-qc/9703016]
175. R. Zalaletdinov, Space-time averages of classical physical fields, [gr-qc/0411004]
176. A.A. Coley, N. Pelavas and R.M. Zalaletdinov, 2005 Cosmological solutions in macroscopic gravity, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 151102 [gr-qc/0504115]
177. R. Zalaletdinov, 2008 The averaging problem in cosmology and macroscopic gravity, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 23 1173 [0801.3256]
178. R.J. van den Hoogen, 2009 A complete cosmological solution to the averaged einstein field equations as found in macroscopic gravity, J. Math. Phys. 50 082503 [0909.0070]
179. A. Paranjape and T.P. Singh, 2007 The spatial averaging limit of covariant macroscopic gravity - scalar corrections to the cosmological equations, Phys. Rev. D 76 044006 [gr-qc/0703106]
180. A. Paranjape, 2008 A covariant road to spatial averaging in cosmology: scalar corrections to the cosmological equations, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 17 597 [0705.2380]
181. A. Paranjape, 2008 Backreaction of cosmological perturbations in covariant macroscopic gravity, Phys. Rev. D 78 063522 [0806.2755]
182. A. Paranjape and T.P. Singh, 2008 Cosmic inhomogeneities and the average cosmological dynamics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 181101 [0806.3497]
183. A. Paranjape, Nonlinear structure formation, backreaction and weak gravitational fields, [0811.2619]
184. A. Paranjape, The averaging problem in cosmology, [0906.3165] - ref-separator -
185. T. Buchert and M. Carfora, 2002 Matter seen at many scales and the geometry of averaging in relativistic cosmology, in General Relativity, Cosmology, and Gravitational Lensing, Napoli Series on Physics and Astrophysics, Bibliopolis, G. Marmo et al eds., Naples Italy, pg. 29, [gr-qc/0101070]
186. T. Buchert and M. Carfora, 2002 Regional averaging and scaling in relativistic cosmology, Class. Quant. Grav. 19 6109 [gr-qc/0210037]
187. T. Buchert and M. Carfora, 2003 Cosmological parameters are dressed, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 031101 [gr-qc/0210045]
188. T. Buchert and M. Carfora, 2003 Ricci flow deformation of cosmological initial data sets, [0801.0553]
189. F. Debbasch, 2004 What is a mean gravitational field? Eur. Phys. J. B 37 257
190. F. Debbasch, 2004 Mean field theory and geodesics in general relativity Eur. Phys. J. B 43 2005 143
191. J. Behrend, Metric renormalization in general relativity, [0812.2859]
192. M. Korzynski, Covariant coarse-graining of inhomogeneous dust flow in General Relativity, [0908.4593]
193. S. Rasanen, 2004 Backreaction in the Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi model J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. JCAP11(2004)010 [gr-qc/0408097]
194. S. Rasanen, 2008 Comment on ''Nontrivial geometries: bounds on the curvature of the universe'', Astropart. Phys. 30 216 [0705.2992]
195. E.W. Kolb, V. Marra and S. Matarrese, Cosmological background solutions and cosmological backreactions, [0901.4566]
196. C. Clarkson, On the determination of dark energy, [0911.2601]
197. I.M.H. Etherington, 1933 On the definition of distance in general relativity Phil. Mag. 15 761
198. I.M.H. Etherington, 2007 Gen. Rel. Grav. 39 1055
199. C. Clarkson, B. Bassett and T. H.-C. Lu, 2008 A general test of the Copernican Principle, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 011301 [0712.3457]
200. A. Avgoustidis, L. Verde and R. Jimenez, 2009 Consistency among distance measurements: transparency, BAO scale and accelerated expansion J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. JCAP06(2009)012 [0902.2006]
201. C. Shapiro and M.S. Turner, 2006 What do we really know about cosmic acceleration?, Astrophys. J. 649 563 [astro-ph/0512586]
202. Y. Gong and A. Wang, 2006 Observational constraints on the acceleration of the Universe, Phys. Rev. D 73 083506 [astro-ph/0601453]
203. O. Elgaroy and T. Multamaki, 2006 Bayesian analysis of Friedmannless cosmologies J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. JCAP09(2006)002 [astro-ph/0603053]
204. C. Cattoen and M. Visser, Cosmography: extracting the Hubble series from the supernova data, [gr-qc/0703122]
205. C. Cattoen and M. Visser, 2007 The Hubble series: Convergence properties and redshift variables, Class. Quant. Grav. 24 5985 [0710.1887]
206. Cosmographic Hubble fits to the supernova data, Phys. Rev. D 78 2008 063501 [0809.0537]
207. M. Visser and C. Cattn, Cosmographic analysis of dark energy, [0906.5407]
208. M. Seikel and D.J. Schwarz, 2008 How strong is the evidence for accelerated expansion? J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. JCAP02(2008)007 [0711.3180]
209. M. Seikel and D.J. Schwarz, 2009 Model- and calibration-independent test of cosmic acceleration J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. JCAP02(2009)024 [0810.4484]
210. E. Mortsell and C. Clarkson, 2009 Model independent constraints on the cosmological expansion rate J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. JCAP01(2009)044 [0811.0981]
211. A.C.C. Guimaraes, J.V. Cunha and J.A.S. Lima, 2009 Bayesian analysis and constraints on kinematic models from union SNIa J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. JCAP10(2009)010 [0904.3550]
212. M.V. John, Delineating cosmic expansion histories with supernova data, [0907.1988]
213. R. Jimenez and A. Loeb, 2002 Constraining cosmological parameters based on relative galaxy ages, Astrophys. J. 573 37 [astro-ph/0106145]
214. J. Simon, L. Verde and R. Jimenez, 2005 Constraints on the redshift dependence of the dark energy potential, Phys. Rev. D 71 123001 [astro-ph/0412269]
215. D. Stern, R. Jimenez, L. Verde, M. Kamionkowski and S.A. Stanford, 2010 Cosmic chronometers: constraining the equation of state of dark energy. I: H(z) measurements J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. JCAP02(2010)008 [0907.3149]
216. E. Gaztanaga, A. Cabre and L. Hui, Clustering of luminous red galaxies IV: baryon acoustic peak in the line-of-sight direction and a direct measurement of H(z), [0807.3551]
217. E. Gaztanaga, R. Miquel and E. Sanchez, 2009 First cosmological constraints on dark energy from the radial baryon acoustic scale, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 091302 [0808.1921]
218. J. Miralda-Escude, Comment on the claimed radial BAO detection by Gaztanaga et al., [0901.1219]
219. A. Shafieloo and C. Clarkson, Model independent tests of the standard cosmological model, [0911.4858]
220. K. Kainulainen and V. Marra, 2009 A new stochastic approach to cumulative weak lensing, Phys. Rev. D 80 123020 [0909.0822]