Festuca campestris alters root morphology and growth in response to simulated grazing and nitrogen form

Functional Ecology

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 283-292

  McInenly, Leslie E ^a   Merrill, Evelyn H ^a   Cahill, James F ^a   Juma, Noorallah G ^b  

^a Department of Biological Sciences ^*  (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Defoliation; Festuca campestris; Nitrogen; Root morphology and demography; Rough fescue

Indexed keywords

BIOMASS ALLOCATION; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CLIPPING; DEFOLIATION; DEMOGRAPHIC METHOD; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; FERTILIZER APPLICATION; FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY; GRASS; GRASSLAND; GRAZING PRESSURE; GROWTH RATE; GROWTH RESPONSE; HERBIVORE; MORTALITY; NITROGEN; NUMERICAL MODEL; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; NUTRIENT UPTAKE; PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SEEDLING;

FESTUCA CAMPESTRIS;

EID: 77950228128     PISSN: 02698463     EISSN: 13652435     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01642.x     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Abdelloui A, Talouizte A. Effect of previous nitrogen starvation NO3- and NH4 + uptake and assimilation associated with the endogenous soluble carbohydrate utilization in Moroccan wheat seedlings. Journal of Plant Nutrition 2001, 24:1995-2007.
2. Panther Corners Upper Red Deer Range Inventory 1998, A report submitted to Alberta Environmental Protection, Corporate Management Service, Southern East Slopes Region, Calgary, Alberta
3. Alward RD, Joern A. Plasticity and overcompensation in grass responses to herbivory. Oecologia 1993, 95:358-364.
4. Anderson TM, Starmer WT, Thorne M. Bimodal root diameter distributions in Serengeti grasses exhibit plasticity in response to defoliation and soil texture: implications for nitrogen uptake. Functional Ecology 2007, 21:50-60.
5. Anderson DS, Teyker RH, Rayburn AL. Nitrogen form effects on early corn morphological and anatomical development. Journal of Plant Nutrition 1991, 14:1255-1266.
6. Arredondo TJ, Johnson DA. Clipping effects on root architecture and morphology of 3 range grasses. Journal of Range Management 1998, 51:207-214.
7. Bailey JS. Varying the ratio of 15 N-labeled ammonium and nitrate-N supplied to perennial ryegrass: effects on nitrogen absorption and assimilation, and plant growth. New Phytologist 1998, 140:505-518.
8. Bailey JS. Varying the ratio of M-15 labelled ammonium and nitrate-N supplied to creeping bent: effects on nitrogen absorption and assimilation and plant growth. New Phytologist 1999, 143:503-512.
9. Bailey PH, Currey JD, Fitter AH. The role of root system architecture and root hairs in promoting anchorage against uprooting forces in Allium cepa and root mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Experimental Botany 2002, 53:333-340.
10. Bardgett RD, Wardle DA. Herbivore-mediated linkages between above and belowground communities. Ecology 2003, 84:2258-2268.
11. Bardgett RD, Wardle DA, Yeates GW. Linking above-ground and below-ground interactions; how plant responses to foliar herbivory influence soil organisms. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 1998, 30:1867-1878.
12. Baron VS, Dick AC, Mapfumo E, Malhi SS, Naeth MA, Chanasyk DS. Grazing impacts on soil N and phosphorous under parkland pastures. Journal of Range Management 2001, 54:704-710.
13. Becker GF, Busso CA, Montani T, Burgos MA, Flemmer AC, Toribio MB. Effects of defoliating Stipa tenuis and Piptochaetium napostaense at different phenological stages: root growth. Journal of Arid Environments 1997, 35:269-283.
14. Bloom AJ. Nitrogen as a limiting factor: crop acquisition of ammonium and and nitrate. Ecology in Agriculture 1997, 145-172. Jackson LE. ed, pp, Academic Press, San Diego, CA
15. Brooks PD, Stark JM, McInteer BB, Preston T. Diffusion method to prepare soil extracts for automated nitrogen-15 analyses. Soil Science Society of America Journal 1989, 53:1707-1711.
16. Burnham KP, Anderson DR. Model Selection and Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach 1998, Springer-Verlag, New York
17. Coupe MD, Stacey JN, Cahill JF. Limited effects of above- and belowground insects on community structure and function in a species-rich grassland. Journal of Vegetation Science 2009, 20:121-129.
18. Dawson LA, Thornton B, Pratt SM, Paterson E. Morphological and topological responses to defoliation and nitrogen supply in Lolium perenne and Festuca ovina. New Phytologist 2003, 161:811-818.
19. Day TA, Detling JK. Grassland patch dynamics and herbivore grazing preference following urine deposition. Ecology 1990, 71:180-188.
20. Dormaar JF, Smoliak S, Willms WD. Distribution of nitrogen fractions in grazed and ungrazed fescue grasslands in Ah horizons. Journal of Range Management 1990, 43:6-9.
21. Dormaar JF, Willms WD. Effect of forty-four years of grazing on fescue grassland soils. Journal of Range Management 1998, 51:122-126.
22. Dunbabin V, Rengel Z, Diggle AJ. Simulating form and function of root systems: efficiency of notrate uptake is dependent on root system architecture and the spatial and temporal variability of nitrate supply. Functional Ecology 2004, 18:204-211.
23. Eissenstat DM. Costs and benefits of constructing roots of small diameter. Journal of Plant Nutrition 1992, 15:763-782.
24. Eissenstat DM, Wells CE, Yanai RD, Whitbeck JL. Building roots in a changing environment: implications for root longevity. New Phytologist 2000, 147:33-42.
25. Evans PS. The effect of repeated defoliation to three different levels on root growth of five pasture species. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 1973, 16:31-34.
26. Ferraro DO, Oesterheld M. Effect of defoliation on grass growth. A quantitative review. Oikos 2002, 98:125-133.
27. Fitter AH. An architectural approach to the comparative ecology of plant root systems. New Phytologist 1987, 106:61-77.
28. Floate MJS. Direct and indirect effects of grazing by large herbivores on nitrogen cycling in agricultural ecosystems. Terrestrial Nitrogen Cycles: Processes Ecosystem Strategies and Management Impacts 1981, 585-602. Clark F ERosswell T. eds, pp, Swedish National Science Research Council, Stockholm
29. Frank DA. Ungulate regulation of ecosystem processes in Yellowstone National Park: direct and feedback effects. Wildlife Society Bulletin 1998, 26:410-418.
30. Frank DA, Evans RD. Effects of native grazers on grassland N cycling in Yellowstone National Park. Ecology 1997, 78:2238-2248.
31. Frank DA, Kuns MM, Guido DR. Consumer control of grassland plant production. Ecology 2002, 83:602-606.
32. Frank DA, Inouye RS, Huntly N, Minshall GW, Anderson JE. The biogeochemistry of a north-temperate grassland with native ungulates: nitrogen dynamics in Yellowstone National Park. Biogeochemistry 1994, 26:163-188.
33. Frank DA, Groffman PM, Evans RD, Tracy BJ. Ungulate stimulation of nitrogen cycling and retention in Yellowstone National Park. Oecologia 2000, 123:116-121.
34. Fransen B, Blijjenberg J, de Kroon H. Root morphological plasticity of perennial grass species and the exploitation of spatial and temporal heterogeneous nutrient patches. Plant and Soil 1999, 211:179-189.
35. Gao YZ, Giese M, Lin S, Sattelmacher B, Zhao Y, Bruek H. Belowground net primary productivity and biomass allocation of a grassland in Inner Mongolia is affected by grazing intensity. Plant and Soil 2008, 307:41-50.
36. Georgiadis NJ, Ruess RW, McNaughton SJ, Western D. Ecological considerations that determine when grazing stimulates grass production. Oecologia 1989, 81:316-322.
37. Gill RA, Burke IC, Lauenroth WK, Milchunas DG. Longevity and turnover of roots in the shortgrass steppe: influence of diameter and depth. Plant Ecology 2002, 159:241-251.
38. Griffith SM, Alderman C, & Streeter DJ. Italian ryegrass and nitrogen source fertilization in Western Oregon in two contrasting climatic years. 1. Growth and seed yield. Journal of Plant Nutrition 1997, 20:419-428.
39. Hamilton EW, Giovannini MS, Moses SA, Coleman JS, McNaughton S J. Biomass and mineral element responses of a Serengeti short-grass species to nitrogen supply and defoliation: compensation requires a critical [N]. Oecologia 1998, 116:407-418.
40. Hicks SL, Reader RJ. Compensatory growth of three grasses following simulated grazing in relation to soil nutrient availability. Canadian Journal of Botany 1995, 73:141-145.
41. Hill MJ, Aspinall RJ, Willms WD. Knowledge-based and inductive modeling of rough fescue (Festuca altaica, F. campestris and F. hallii) distribution in Alberta, Canada. Ecological Modelling 1997, 103:135-150.
42. Hill JO, Simpson RJ, Moore AD, Chapman DF. Morphology and response of roots of pasture species to phosphorus and nitrogen nutrition. Plant and Soil 2006, 286:7-19.
43. Hobbs NT. Modification of ecosystems by ungulates. Journal of Wildlife Management 1996, 60:695-713.
44. Holland JN, Chang W, Crossley DA. Herbivore-induced changes in plant carbon allocation: assessment of belowground C fluxes using carbon-14. Oecologia 1996, 107:87-94.
45. Holland EA, Detling JK. Plant response to herbivory and belowground nutrient cycling. Ecology 1990, 71:1040-1049.
46. Holland EA, Parton WJ, Detling JK, Coppock DL. Physiological responses of plant populations to herbivory and their consequences for ecosystem nutrient flow. American Naturalist 1992, 140:685-706.
47. Ilmarinen K, Mikola J, Vestberg M. Do interactions with organisms mediate grass responses to defoliation? Soil Biology and Biochemistry 2008, 40:894-905.
48. Jackson RB, Caldwell MM. The timing and degree of root proliferation in fertile-soil microsites for three perennial cold-desert perennials. Oecologia 1989, 81:149-153.
49. Jarmillo VJ, Detling J K. Small-scale heterogeneity in a semi-arid North American grassland. Cattle grazing of simulated urine patches. Journal Applied Ecology 1992, 29:1-8.
50. Jarvis SC, Barraclough D. Variation in mineral nitrogen under grazed grassland swards. Plant and Soil 1991, 138:177-188.
51. Johnston A. Comparison of lightly grazed and ungrazed range in the fescue grassland of southwestern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 1961, 41:615-622.
52. Kembel SW, Cahill JF. Plant phenotypic plasticity belowground: a phyologenetic perspective on root foraging trade-offs. American Naturalist 2005, 166:216-230.
53. King JR, Hill MJ, Willms WD. Temperature effects on regrowth in 3 rough fescue species. Journal of Range Management 1998, 51:463-468.
54. Lynch JP, Ho MD. Carbon costs of pshophorus acquisition. Plant and Soil 2005, 269:45-56.
55. Mackie-Dawson LA. Nitrogen uptake and root morphological responses of defoliated Lolium perenne (L.) to a heterogeneous nitrogen supply. Plant and Soil 1999, 209:111-118.
56. Marschner H. Role of root growth, arbuscular mycorrhiza, and root exudates for the efficiency in nutrient acquisition. Field Crops Research 1998, 56:203-207.
57. Maynard DG, Kalre YP. Exchangeable NH4-N and NO3-N performed on a 5:1 KCl 2M Extract. Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis: Soil Test Analyses 1993, 25-38. Carter M R, ed, pp, Canadian Society of Soil Science. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida
58. McCrimmon JN, Karnok KJ. Nitrogen form and the seasonal root and shoot response of creeping bentgrass. Communications in Soil Science & Plant Analysis 1992, 23:1071-1088.
59. McInenly L. Seasonal Effects of Defoliation on Rough Fescue (Festuca Campestris Rydb.) 2003, MS Thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton
60. McLean A, Wikeem S. Rough fescue response to season and intensity of defoliation. Journal of Range Management 1985, 38:100-103.
61. McNaughton SJ, Banyikwa FF, McNaughton MM. Promotion of the cycling of diet-enhancing nutrients by African grazers. Science 1997, 278:1798-1800.
62. Moe SE, Wegge P. Effects of deposition of deer dung on nutrient redistribution on soil and plant nutrients on intensitvely grazed grasslands in lowland Nepal. Ecological Research 2008, 23:227-234.
63. Mousel EM, Schact WH, Zanner CW, Moser LE. Effects of summer grazing strategies on organic reserves and root characteristics of big bluestem. Crop Science 2005, 45:2008-2014.
64. Nguyan C. Rhizodeposition of organic C by plants: mechanism and controls. Agronomie 2003, 23:375-396.
65. Nowak RS, Nowak CL, Anderson JE. Differential responses to nitrogen form and concentration for Oryzopsis hymenoides and Elymus lanceolatus. Great Basin Naturalist 1993, 53:222-236.
66. Pärtel M, Wilson S. Root and leaf production, mortality and longevity in response to soil heterogeneity. Functional Ecology 2001, 15:748-753.
67. Paterson E, Sim A. Effect of nitrogen supply and defoliation on loss of organic compounds from roots of Festuca rubra. Journal of Experimental Botany 2000, 51:1449-1457.
68. Paterson E, Thornton B, Midwood AJ, Sim A. Defoliation alters the relative contributions of recent and non-recent assimilate to root exudation from Festuca rubra. Plant, Cell & Environment 2005, 28:1525-1533.
69. Person BT, Herzog MP, Ruess RW, Seidinger JS, Anthony RM, Babcock CA. Feedback dynamics of grazing lawns: coupling vegetation change with animal growth. Oecologia 2003, 135:583-592.
70. Pruden G, Powlson DS, Jenkinson DS. The measurement of N-15 in soil and plant material. Fertilizer Research 1985, 6:205-218.
71. Pucheta E, Bonamici I, Cabido M, Diaz S. Below-ground biomass and productivity of a grazed site and a neighboring ungrazed exclosure in a grassland in central Argentina. Austral Ecology 2004, 29:201-208.
72. Richards JH, Caldwell MM. Soluble carbohydrates, concurrent photosynthesis and efficiency in regrowth following defoliation: a field study with Agropyron Species. Journal of Applied Ecology 1985, 22:907-920.
73. Robinson D. Root proliferation, nitrate inflow and their carbon costs during nitrogen capture by plants in patch soils. Plant and Soil 2001, 232:41-50.
74. Robinson D, Linehan D J, Gorden DC. Capture of nitrate from soil by wheat in relation to root length, nitrogen inflow and availability. New Phytologist 1994, 128:297-305.
75. Ruess RW, Hendrick RL, Bryant JP. Regulation of fine root dynamics by mammalian browsers in early successional Alaskan taiga forests. Ecology 1998, 79:2706-2720.
76. Ruess RW, McNaughton SJ. Ammonia volatilization and the effects of large grazing mammals on nutrient loss from East-African Grasslands. Oecologia 1988, 77:382-386.
77. Schortemeyer M, Feil B. Root morphology of maize under homogeneous or spatially separated supply of ammonium and nitrate at three concentration ratios. Journal of Plant Nutrition 1996, 19:1089-1097.
78. Seel K, Wiebe P. 2nd Progress Report: Range Improvement Project, Ya-Ha-Tinda Ranch, West Central Alberta 1988, Environment Canada, Canadian Parks Service, Western Region, Calgary, Alberta
79. Shariff AR, Biondini ME, Grygiel J. Grazing intensity effects on litter decomposition and soil nitrogen mineralization. Journal of Range Management 1994, 47:444-449.
80. Stillwell MA. Effects of Bovine Urinary Nitrogen on the Nitrogen Cycle of a Shortgrass Prairie 1983, PhD Thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins
81. Stout DG, McLean A, Quinton DA. Growth and phenological development of rough fescue in interior British Columbia. Journal of Range Management 1981, 34:455-459.
82. Sullivan WM, Jiang Z, Hull RJ. Root morphology and its relationship with nitrate uptake in Kentucky bluegrass. Crop Science 2000, 40:765-772.
83. Sundriyal RC. Structure, productivity and energy flow in an alpine grassland in the Garhwal Himalaya. Journal of Vegetation Science 1992, 3:15-20.
84. Tabatabai MA, Bremner J M. Elemental analysers. Nitrogen Isotope Techniques 1991, Knowles R, Blackburn TH. eds, pp, Academic Press, San Diego, CA
85. Thornton B, Millard P. Increased defoliation frequency depletes remobilization of nitrogen for leaf growth in grasses. Annals of Botany 1997, 80:89-95.
86. Volder A, Gifford RM, Evans JR. Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2, cutting frequency, and differential day/night atmospheric warming on root growth and turnover of Phalaris swards. Global Change Biology 2007, 13:1040-1052.
87. Vujnovic K. Small-Scale Plant Species Composition and Diversity in Relation to Environmental and Siturbance Factors in Fescue 1998, M.S Thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton
88. Wahl S, Ryser P. Root tissue structure is linked to ecological strategies of grasses. New Phytoogist 2000, 148:459-471.
89. Watson CJ, Poland P. Change in the balance of ammonium-N and nitrate-N content in the soil under grazed grass swards over 7 years. Grass Forage Science 1999, 54:248-254.
90. Wells CE, Eissenstat DM. Marked differences in survivorship among apple roots of different diameters. Ecology 2001, 82:882-892.
91. Wells CE, Eissenstat DM. Beyond the roots of young seedlings: the influence of age and order on fine root physiology. Journal of Palnt Growth Regulation 2003, 21:324-334.
92. Williams BL, Dawson LA, Grayston SJ, Shand CA. Impact of defoliation on the distribution of 15N-labelled synthetic sheep urine between shoots and roots of Agrostis capillaris and soil N pools. Plant and Soil 2003, 251:269-278.
93. Willms WD. Response of rough fescue (Festuca scabrella) to light, water, temperature, and litter removal, under controlled conditions. Canadian Journal of Botany 1987, 66:429-434.
94. Willms WD. Cutting frequency and cutting height effects on rough fescue and Parry oat grass yields. Journal of Range Management 1991, 44:82-86.
95. Willms WD, Smoliak S, Dormaar JF. Effects of stocking rate on a rough fescue grassland vegetation. Journal of Range Management 1985, 38:220-225.
96. Woodis JE, Jackson RD. The effects of clipping height and frequency on net primary production of Andropgon gerardii (C4 grass) and Bromus inermis (C3 grass) in greenhouse experiments. Grass and Forage Science 2008, 63:458-466.