Is there really a cushion effect: A biomechanical investigation of crash injury mechanisms in the obese

Obesity

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 749-753

  Kent, Richard W ^a   Forman, Jason L ^a   Bostrom, Ola ^b  

^a University of Virginia   (United States)

^b AUTOLIV RESEARCH   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; BIOMECHANICS; CADAVER; HIP; HUMAN; INJURY; MOTION; OBESITY; RISK FACTOR; SEATBELT; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT;

ACCIDENTS, TRAFFIC; BIOMECHANICS; CADAVER; HIP; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MOTION; OBESITY; RISK FACTORS; SEAT BELTS; WOUNDS AND INJURIES;

EID: 77950187297     PISSN: 19307381     EISSN: 1930739X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.315     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Li C, Ford ES, Mokdad AH, Cook S. Recent trends in waist circumference and waist-height ratio among US children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2006;118:e1390-e1398.
2. Li C, Ford E, McGuire L, Mokdad A. Increasing trends in waist circumference and abdominal obesity among U.S. adults. Obesity 2007;15:216-224.
3. Fact Sheet No. 311, World Health Organization. (2006). Accessed February 2009.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 〈http://www.cdc.gov/NCCDPHP/dnpa/obesity/consequences. htm〉. Accessed February 2009.
5. Neville AL, Brown CV, Weng J, Demetriades D, Velmahos GC. Obesity is an independent risk factor of mortality in severely injured blunt trauma patients. Arch Surg 2004;139:983-987.
6. Zhu S, Layde PM, Guse CE et al. Obesity and risk for death due to motor vehicle crashes. Am J Public Health 2006;96:734-739.
7. Mock CN, Grossman DC, Kaufman R P, Mack CD, Rivara FP. The relationship between body weight and risk of death and serious injury in motor vehicle crashes. Accid Anal Prev 2002;34:221-228.
8. Choban PS, Weireter LJ, Maynes C. Obesity and increased mortality in blunt trauma. J Trauma 1991;31:1253-1257.
9. Tremblay A, Bandi V. Impact of body mass index on outcomes following critical care. Chest 2003;123:1202-1207.
10. Whitlock G, Norton R, Clark T, Jackson R, MacMahon S. Is body mass index a risk factor for motor vehicle driver injury? A cohort study with prospective and retrospective outcomes. Int J Epidemiol 2003;32: 147-149.
11. Moran SG, McGwin G Jr, Metzger JS et al. Injury rates among restrained drivers in motor vehicle collisions: the role of body habitus. J Trauma 2002;52:1116-1120.
12. Arbabi S, Wahl WL, Hemmila MR et al. The cushion effect. J Trauma 2003;54:1090-1093.
13. Boulanger BR, Milzman D, Mitchell K, Rodriguez A. Body habitus as a predictor of injury pattern after blunt trauma. J Trauma 1992;33: 228-232.
14. Wang SC, Bednarski B, Patel S et al. Increased depth of subcutaneous fat is protective against abdominal injuries in motor vehicle collisions. Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med 2003;47:545-559.
15. Jakobsson L, Lindman M. Does BMI (body mass index) influence the occupant injury risk pattern in car crashes? Proceeding of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Impact (IRCOBI), Prague, 21-23 September 2005;427:430.
16. Viano DC, Parenteau CS, Edwards ML. Crash injury risks for obese occupants using a matched-pair analysis. Traffic Inj Prev 2008;9: 59-64.
17. Viano D, Parenteau C. Crash injury risks for obese occupants. Paper 2008-2101-0528. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA, 2008.
18. Kent R, Henary B, Matsuoka F. On the fatal crash experience of older drivers. Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med 2005;49:371-391.
19. Kent R W, Crandall JR, Bolton J et al. The influence of superficial soft tissues and restraint condition on thoracic skeletal injury prediction. Stapp Car Crash J 2001;45:183-204.
20. Michaelson J, Forman J, Kent R, Kuppa S. Rear seat occupant safety: kinematics and injury of PMHS restrained by a standard 3-point belt in frontal crashes. Stapp Car Crash J 2008;52:295-325.
21. Kent R, Forman J, Parent D, Kuppa S. The feasibility and effectiveness of belt pretensioning and load limiting for adults in the rear seat. Int J Veh Saf 2008;2:378-403.
22. Arbogast KB, Kent RW, Menon RA et al. Mechanisms of abdominal organ injury in seat belt-restrained children. J Trauma 2007;62:1473-1480.
23. Adomeit D, Heger A. Motion sequence criteria and design proposals for restraint devices in order to avoid unfavorable biomechanic conditions and submarining. Paper No.751146, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA, 1975.