Renin inhibition for hypertension: Selecting the right role for a new class of drug

American Journal of Therapeutics

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 182-187

  Bergset, Jon ^a   Storozynsky, Eugene ^a   Bisognano, John D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Aliskiren; Direct renin inhibitor; Hypertension treatment

Indexed keywords

ALISKIREN; AMLODIPINE; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; CHLORTALIDONE; CYCLOSPORIN; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; ENALAPRIL; FOSINOPRIL; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; LISINOPRIL; LOSARTAN; PLACEBO; RAMIPRIL; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT; VALSARTAN;

ALBUMINURIA; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE ACTIVITY; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; COUGHING; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY; DIARRHEA; DRUG MEGADOSE; HEART FAILURE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; LOW DRUG DOSE; NONHUMAN; PERIPHERAL EDEMA; PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEINURIA; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; REVIEW;

AMIDES; ANIMALS; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; FUMARATES; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; RENIN; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM;

EID: 77949991651     PISSN: 10752765     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MJT.0b013e31819e9e9a     Document Type: Review

References (59)

1. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension. 2003;42:1206-1252.
2. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA. 2003;289:2560-2572.
3. Tiegerstedt R, Bergman PG. Niere and Kreislauf. Skand Arch Physiol. 1898;8.
4. Oliver JA. Receptor-mediated actions of renin and prorenin. Kidney Int. 2006;69:13-15.
5. Nguyen G. Renin/prorenin receptors. Kidney Int. 2006;69: 1503-1506.
6. Nguyen G, Danser AH. The (pro)renin receptor: therapeutic consequences. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2006;15: 1131-1135.
7. Nguyen G, Delarue F, Burckle C, et al. Pivotal role of the renin/prorenin receptor in angiotensin II production and cellular responses to renin. J Clin Invest. 2002;109: 1417-1427.
8. Ichihara A, Suzuki F, Nakagawa T, et al. Prorenin receptor blockade inhibits development of glomerulosclerosis in diabetic angiotensin II type 1a receptor-deficient mice. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;17:1950-1961.
9. Huang Y, Wongamorntham S, Kasting J, et al. Renin increases mesangial cell transforming growth factor-beta1 and matrix proteins through receptor-mediated, angiotensin II-independent mechanisms. Kidney Int. 2006;69: 105-113.
10. Paravicini TM, Touyz RM. Redox signaling in hypertension. Cardiovasc Res. 2006;71:247-258.
11. Rahuel J, Rasetti V, Maibaum J, et al. Structure-based drug design: the discovery of novel nonpeptide orally active inhibitors of human renin. Chem Biol. 2000;7:493-504.
12. Wood JM, Maibaum J, Rahuel J, et al. Structure-based design of aliskiren, a novel orally effective renin inhibitor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;308:698-705.
13. Waldmeier F, Glaenzel U, Wirz B, et al. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren in healthy volunteers. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007;35:1418-1428.
14. Limoges D, Dieterich HA, Yeh CM, et al. A study of doseproportionality in the pharmacokinetics of the oral direct renin inhibitor aliskiren in healthy subjects. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008;46:252-258.
15. Vaidyanathan S, Reynolds C, Yeh CM, et al. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of the novel oral direct renin inhibitor aliskiren in elderly healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;47: 453-460.
16. Nussberger J, Wuerzner G, Jensen C, et al. Angiotensin II suppression in humans by the orally active renin inhibitor aliskiren (SPP100): comparison with enalapril. Hypertension. 2002;39:E1-8.
17. Gradman AH, Schmiede RE, Lins RL, et al. Aliskiren, a novel orally effective renin inhibitor, provides dosedependent antihypertensive efficacy and placebo-like tolerability in hypertensive patients. Circulation. 2005; 111:1012-1018.
18. Weir MR, Bush C, Anderson D, et al. Antihypertensive efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the oral direct renin inhibitor aliskiren in patients with hypertension: a pooled analysis. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2007;1:264-277.
19. Villamil A, Chrysant SG, Calhoun D, et al. Renin inhibition with aliskiren provides additive antihypertensive efficacy when used in combination with hydrochlorothiazide. J Hypertens. 2007;25:217-226.
20. Drummond W, Munger MA, Rafique Essop M, et al. Antihypertensive efficacy of the oral direct renin inhibitor aliskiren as add-on therapy in patients not responding to amlodipine monotherapy. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2007;9:742-750.
21. O,Brien E, Barton J, Nussberger J, et al. Aliskiren reduces blood pressure and suppresses plasma renin activity in combination with a thiazide diuretic, an angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitor, or an angiotensin receptor blocker. Hypertension. 2007;49:276-284.
22. Oparil S, Yarows SA, Patel S, et al. Efficacy and safety of combined use of aliskiren and valsartan in patients with hypertension: a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2007;370:221-229.
23. Oh BH, Mitchell J, Herron JR, et al. Aliskiren, an oral renin inhibitor, provides dose-dependent efficacy and sustained 24-hour blood pressure control in patients with hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49:1157-1163.
24. Tekturna, tablets. US prescribing information. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation; 2007.
25. Jordan J, Herron JR, Boye SW, et al. Direct renin inhibition with aliskiren in obese patients with arterial hypertension. Hypertension. 2007;49:1047-1055.
26. Alderman MH, Madhavan S, Ooi WL, et al. Association of the renin-sodium profile with the risk of myocardial infarction in patients with hypertension. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:1098-1104.
27. Alderman MH, Ooi WL, Cohen H, et al. Plasma renin activity: a risk factor for myocardial infarction in hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens. 1997;10:1-8.
28. Azizi M, Menard J, Bissery A, et al. Pharmacologic demonstration of the synergistic effects of a combination of the renin inhibitor aliskiren and the AT1 receptor antagonist valsartan on the angiotensin II-renin feedback interruption. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15:3126-3133.
29. Parving HH, Lehnert H, Brochner-Mortensen J, et al. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:870-878.
30. Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, et al. Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:851-860.
31. Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D, et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345:861-869.
32. Pilz B, Shagdarsuren E, Wellner M, et al. Aliskiren, a human renin inhibitor, ameliorates cardiac and renal damage in double-transgenic rats. Hypertension. 2005;46: 569-576.
33. Feldman DL, Jin L, Xuan H, et al. Effects of aliskiren on blood pressure, albuminuria, and (pro)renin receptor expression in diabetic TG(mRen-2)27 rats. Hypertension. 2008;52:130-136.
34. Nguyen G, Delarue F, Berrou J, et al. Specific receptor binding of renin on human mesangial cells in culture increases plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 antigen. Kidney Int. 1996;50:1897-1903.
35. Parving HH, Persson F, Lewis JB, et al. Aliskiren combined with losartan in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2433-2446.
36. de Zeeuw D, Remuzzi G, Parving HH, et al. Proteinuria, a target for renoprotection in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: lessons from RENAAL. Kidney Int. 2004;65: 2309-2320.
37. de Zeeuw D, Remuzzi G, Parving HH, et al. Albuminuria, a therapeutic target for cardiovascular protection in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. Circulation. 2004;110: 921-927.
38. Ibsen H, Olsen MH, Wachtell K, et al. Reduction in albuminuria translates to reduction in cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients: losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension study. Hypertension. 2005;45:198-202.
39. Imanishi T, Tsujioka H, Ikejima H, et al. Renin inhibitor aliskiren improves impaired nitric oxide bioavailability and protects against atherosclerotic changes. Hypertension. 2008;52:563-572.
40. Tuck ML, Sowers J, Dornfield L, et al. The effect of weight reduction on blood pressure, plasma renin activity, and plasma aldosterone levels in obese patients. N Engl J Med. 1981;304:930-933.
41. Poirier P, Giles TD, Bray GA, et al. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: pathophysiology, evaluation, and effect of weight loss: an update of the 1997 American Heart Association Scientific Statement on Obesity and Heart Disease from the Obesity Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation. 2006;113:898-918.
42. Alpert MA. Obesity cardiomyopathy: pathophysiology and evolution of the clinical syndrome. Am J Med Sci. 2001;321:225-236.
43. Engeli S, Bohnke J, Gorzelniak K, et al. Weight loss and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Hypertension. 2005;45:356-362.
44. Goodfriend TL, Kelly DE, Goodpaster BH, et al. Visceral obesity and insulin resistance are associated with plasma aldosterone levels in women. Obes Res. 1999;7:355-362.
45. Licata G, Scaglione R, Ganguzza A, et al. Central obesity and hypertension. Relationship between fasting serum insulin, plasma renin activity, and diastolic blood pressure in young obese subjects. Am J Hypertens. 1994; 7:314-320.
46. Cooper R, McFarlane-Anderson N, Bennett FI, et al. ACE, angiotensinogen and obesity: a potential pathway leading to hypertension. J Hum Hypertens. 1997;11:107-111.
47. Engeli S, Sharma AM. The renin-angiotensin system and natriuretic peptides in obesity-associated hypertension. J Mol Med. 2001;79:21-29.
48. Umemura S, Nyui N, Tamura K, et al. Plasma angiotensinogen concentrations in obese patients. Am J Hypertens. 1997;10:629-633.
49. Schmieder RE, Philipp T, Guerediaga J, et al. Long-term antihypertensive efficacy and safety of the oral direct renin inhibitor aliskiren. A 12-month randomized, double-blind comparator with hydrochlorathizide. Circulation. 2009;119:371-373.
50. Agodoa LY, Appel L, Bakris GL, et al. Effect of ramipril vs amlodipine on renal outcomes in hypertensive nephrosclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2001;285: 2719-2728.
51. Chiurchiu C, Remuzzi G, Ruggenenti P. Angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibition and renal protection in nondiabetic patients: the data of the meta-analyses. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005;16(Suppl 1):S58-63.
52. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS). The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1987;316:1429-1435.
53. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. The SOLVD Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1991;325: 293-302.
54. Cohn JN, Tognoni G. A randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1667-1675.
55. Garg R, Yusuf S. Overview of randomized trials of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. Collaborative Group on ACE Inhibitor Trials. JAMA. 1995;273: 1450-1456.
56. Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Granger CB, et al. Effects of candesartan on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure: the CHARM-Overall programme. Lancet. 2003;362:759-766.
57. Pitt B, Segal R, Martinez FA, et al. Randomised trial of losartan versus captopril in patients over 65 with heart failure (Evaluation of Losartan in the Elderly Study, ELITE). Lancet. 1997;349:747-752.
58. Lacourciere Y, Brunner H, Irwin R, et al. Effects of modulators of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system on cough. Losartan Cough Study Group. J Hypertens. 1994;12:1387-1393.
59. Sealey JE, Laragh JH. Aliskiren, the first renin inhibitor for treating hypertension: reactive renin secretion may limit its effectiveness. Am J Hypertens. 2007;20:587-597.