Eastern movement forms as body-self transforming cultural practices in the west: Towards a sociological perspective

Cultural Sociology

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 123-154

  Brown, David ^a   Leledaki, Aspasia ^b  

^a CARDIFF METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EXETER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Commodification; Cultural practices; Eastern movement forms; Invented traditions; Orientalism; Reflexive modernization; Structuration

Indexed keywords

EID: 77949888329     PISSN: 17499755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1749975509356866     Document Type: Article

References (108)

1. Alter, J.S. (1993) The Body of One Color: Indian Wrestling, the Indian State and Utopian Somatics, Cultural Anthropology 8(1): 49-72.
2. Alter, J.S. (2004) Yoga in Modern India: The Body Between Science and Philosophy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
3. Appadurai, A. (1996) Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota University Press.
4. Bauman, Z. (2000) Liquid Modernity. Cambridge: Polity.
5. Baumann, M. (2001) Global Buddhism: Developmental Periods, Regional Histories, and a New Analytical Perspective, Journal of Global Buddhism 2: 1-43, URL (consulted 15 February 2008): www.thezensite.com/non_Zen/GlobalBuddhism_Baumann.pdf.
6. BBC News (2000a) Class Starts with Tai Chi, URL (consulted 15 February 2008): http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/930937.stm.
7. BBC News (2000 b) Yoga to Calm Pupil Stress, URL (consulted 15 February 2008): http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/697084.stm.
8. BBC News (2001) School Starts Day Eastern Way, URL (consulted 15 February 2008): http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1432288.stm.
9. BBC News (2002) Tai Chi Pupil Power, URL (consulted 15 February 2008): http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/1965276.stm.
10. BBC News (2004) Tai Chi Improves Body and Mind, URL (consulted 15 February 2008): http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/3543907.stm.
11. Bender, C. and Cadge, W. (2006) Constructing Buddhism: Interreligious Dialogue and Religious Hybridity, Sociology of Religion 67(3): 229-47.
12. Berger, P. (1990) The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion. London: Anchor Books.
13. Bhikku, B. (2005) In the Buddha's Words: An Anthology of Discourses from the Pali Canon. Somerville, MA: Wisdom Publications.
14. Bloom, A. (2006) 'Kick Start KS2 Success', Times Educational Supplement 8 December 2006, URL (consulted 18 February 2008): http://www.tes.co.uk/search/story/?story_id=2318978.
15. Brown, D.H.K. and Johnson, A. (2000) The Social Practice of Self Defense Martial Arts: Some Implications for Physical Education, Quest 52(3): 246-59.
16. Brown, D.H.K., Jennings, G. and Leledaki, A. (2008) The Changing Charismatic Status of the Performing Male Body in Asian Martial Arts Films, Sport in Society 11(2): 174-94.
17. Burkitt, I. (1999) Bodies of Thought: Embodiment, Identity and Modernity. London: Sage.
18. Campbell, C. (2007) The Easternization of the West: A Thematic Account of Cultural Change in the Modern Era. London: Paradigm.
19. Chan, S. (2000) The Construction and Export of Culture as Artefact: The Case of Japanese Martial Arts, Body & Society 6(1): 69-74.
20. Chandiramani, K., Verma, S.K. and Dhar, P.L. (2000) Psychological Effects of Vipassana Meditation on Tihar Jail Inmates, Research Report published by the Vipassana Research Institute, Igatpuri, India, URL (consulted 18 February 2008): www.vri.dhamma.org/research.
21. Chaney, D. (1996) Lifestyles. London: Routledge.
22. Clarke, J.J. (1997) Oriental Enlightenment: The Encounter Between Asian and Western Thought. London: Routledge.
23. Clarke, J.J. (2000) Daoism in the West: Western Transformations of Daoist Thought. London: Routledge.
24. Cohen, K.S. (1997) The Way of Qigong: The Art and Science of Chinese Energy Healing. London: Bantam Books.
25. CorePower Yoga® (2008) Corepower Yoga: our company.webloc, URL (consulted 17 January 2008): http://www.corepoweryoga.com/default.aspx.
26. Cox, J. (1993) Traditional Asian Martial Arts Training: A Review, Quest 45(3): 366-88.
27. Dawson, A. (2006) East Is East, Except When It's West: The Easternization Thesis and the Western Habitus, Journal of Religion and Society 8: 1-13.
28. De-Michelis, E. (2004) A History of Modern Yoga: Patanjali and Western Esotericism. London: Continuum.
29. Dogen, Z. (2001) Shôbôgenzô: Soto Zen Text Project © 2001 Sotoshu Shumucho, URL (consulted 18 February 2008): http://scbs.stanford.edu/sztp3/translations/soto_zen_texts.html.
30. Eisenstadt, S.N. (1968) Max Weber: On Charisma and Institution Building. London: The University of Chicago Press.
31. Fahlberg, L. and Falhberg, L. (1997) Health, Freedom and Movement in the Postmodern Era, in J.M. Fernandez-Balboa (ed.), Critical Postmodernism in Human Movement, Physical Education and Sport, pp. 65-86. New York, NY: State of New York University Press.
32. Franklin, S.B. (1992) The Promise of Paradise: A Woman's Intimate Story of the Perils of Life With Rajneesh. New York, NY: Station Hill Press.
33. Fuller, J.R. (1988) Martial Arts and Psychological Health, British Journal of Medical Psychology 61(4): 317-28.
34. Gellner, E. (1992) Postmodernism, Reason and Religion. London: Routledge.
35. Giddens, A. (1984) The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. London: Routledge.
36. Giddens, A. (1990) The Consequences of Modernity. Cambridge: Polity.
37. Giddens, A. (1991) Modernity and Self Identity. Cambridge: Polity.
38. Goodger, B.C. and Goodger, J.M. (1980) 'Organizational and Cultural Change in PostWar British Judô', International Review for the Sociology of Sport 15(1): 31-2.
39. Guttmann, A. (1978) From Ritual to Record: The Nature of Modern Sports. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
40. Habermas, J. (1987) The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity. Oxford: Blackwell.
41. Harvey, D. (1990) The Condition of Postmodernity. Oxford: Blackwell.
42. Hobsbawm, E. (1994) Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century 1914-1991. London: Abacus.
43. Hobsbawn, E. (1983) Introduction: Inventing traditions, in Hobsbawn, E. and Ranger, T. (eds) (1983) The Invention of Tradition, pp. 1-14. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
44. Honneth, A. (2004) Organized Self Realization: Some Paradoxes of Individualization, European Journal of Social Theory 7(4): 463-78.
45. Horne, J. and Jary, D. (2004) Anthony Giddens: Structuration Theory, Sport and Leisure, in R. Giulianotti (ed.), Sport and Modern Social Theorists, pp. 129-44. London: Palgrave.
46. Hunt, D. (1998) Occult Invasion. Eugene, OR: Harvest House.
47. Inglis, D. and Robertson, R. (2005) The Ecumenical Analytic: Globalization, Reflexivity and the Revolution in Greek Historiography, European Journal of Social Theory 8(2): 99-122.
48. Inoue, S. (1998) The Invention of the Martial Arts: Kano Jigoro and Kodokan Judo, in S. Vlastos (ed.) Mirror of Modernity: Invented Traditions of Modern Japan, pp. 163-73. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
49. In-Suk, C. (2003) Globalization, Mundialization and the Development of the Self (consulted 11 July 2006): http://www.zmk.uni-freiburg.de/Online_Texts/Cha20In-Suk202003-Globalization.pdf.
50. Irigaray, L. (2002) Between East and West: From Singularity to Community. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
51. James, A. and Jones, R. (1982) The Social World of Karate-Do, Leisure Studies 1(3): 337-54.
52. Jayasinghe, S.R. (2004) Yoga in Cardiac Health (a Review), European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation 11(3): 369-75.
53. Jones, P. (2003) Introducing Social Theory. Cambridge: Polity.
54. Kabat-Zinn, J. (1996) Full Catastrophe Living: How to Cope with Stress, Pain and Illness Using Mindfulness Meditation. London: Piatkus.
55. Kabat-Zinn, J., Masion, A.O., Kristeller, J., Peterson, L.G., Fletcher, K., Pbert, L., Lenderking, W.R. and Santorelli, S.F. (1992) Effectiveness of Meditation Based Stress Reduction Programme in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders, American Journal of Psychiatry 149(5): 936-43.
56. Kasulis, T.P. (1987) Editor's Introduction, in Y. Yuasa, The Body: Toward an Eastern Mind/Body Theory, pp. 1-15. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
57. Kaza, S. (2004) Finding Safe Harbor: Buddhist Sexual Ethics in America, Buddhist-Christian Studies 24(1): 23-35.
58. Kirkwood, G., Rampes, H., Tuffrey, V., Richardson, J. and Pilkington, K. (2005) Yoga for Anxiety: A Systematic Review of the Research Evidence [Review], British Journal of Sports Medicine 39(12): 884-91.
59. Kohn, T. (2003) The Aikido Body: Expressions of Group Identities and Self Discovery in Martial Arts Training, in N. Dyck and E.P. Archetti (eds), Sport, Dance and Embodied Identities, pp. 139-55. Oxford: Berg.
60. Lakes, K.D. and Hoyt, W.T. (2004) Promoting Self-Regulation through School-Based Martial Arts Training, Applied Developmental Psychology 25(3): 283-302.
61. Lantz, J. (2002) Family Development and the Martial Arts: A Phenomenological Study, Contemporary Family Therapy 24(4): 565-80.
62. Levine, D.E. (1991) Martial Arts as a Resource for Liberal Education: The Case of Aikido, in M. Featherstoneet al.(eds), The Body: Social Process and Cultural Theory, pp. 209-24. London: Sage.
63. Lidell, L., Narayani, and Rabinovitch, G. (1998) The Book of Yoga, 15th Edition. London: Ebury Press.
64. Lieblich, A., Rivka, T.-M. and Tamar, Z. (1998) Narrative Research: Reading, Analysis and Interpretation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
65. Maguire, J. (2000) Sport and Globalization, in J. Coakley and E. Dunning (eds), Handbook of Sports Studies, pp. 356-69. London: Sage.
66. Marlatt, A. and Ostafin, B. (2005) Being Mindful of Automaticity in Addiction: A Clinical Perspective, in R.W. Wiers and A.W. Stacy (eds), Handbook of Implicit Cognition and Addiction, pp. 489-93. London: Sage.
67. Mason, J. (1996) Qualitative Researching. London: Sage.
68. Mayer, M. (1999) Qigong and Hypertension: A Critique of Research, The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 5(4): 371-82.
69. Mazlish, B. (2005) The Global and the Local, Current Sociology 53(1): 93-111. Mellor, P. and Shilling, C. (1997) Re-Forming the Body: Religion, Community and Modernity. London: Sage.
70. Murphy, M., Donovan, S. and Taylor, E. (1997) The Physical and Psychological Effects of Meditation: A Review of Contemporary Research With a Comprehensive Bibliography, 1931-1996, 2nd Edition, edited. Institute of Noetic Sciences, URL (consulted 20 February 2008): http://www.noetic.org/research/medbiblio/index.htm.
71. Muster, N.J. (1997) Betrayal of the Spirit: My Life Behind the Headlines of the Hari Krishna Movement. Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press.
72. Nosanchuk, T.A. (1981) The Way of the Warrior: The Effects of Traditional Martial Arts Training on Aggressiveness, Human Relations 34(6): 435-44.
73. Ozawa-De-Silva, C. (2002) Beyond the Body/Mind? Japanese Contemporary Thinkers on Alternative Sociologies of the Body, Body & Society 8(2): 21-38.
74. Park, R.L. (2002) Voodoo Science: The Road from Foolishness to Fraud. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
75. Parkin, F. (1982) Max Weber. London: Tavistock.
76. Pilkington, K., Kirkwood, G., Rampes, H. and Richardson, J. (2005) Yoga for Depression: The Research Evidence, Journal of Affective Disorders 89(1/3): 13-24.
77. Plummer, K. (2001) Documents of Life 2: An Invitation to a Critical Humanism. London: Sage.
78. Queen, C., Prebish, C. and Keown, D. (2003) Action Dharma: New Studies in Engaged Buddhism. London and New York, NY: Routledge.
79. Rich, B. (2004) Body Meditation Game, Independent on Sunday 16 May2004: 39.
80. Rickards, L., Fox, K., Roberts, C., Fletcher, L. and Goddard, E. (2004) Living in Britain: No 31-Results from the 2002 General Household Survey. Office for National Statistics. URL (consulted 24 November 2009): http://www.statistics.gov.uk/lib2002/default.asp.
81. Robertson, R. (1992) Globalization. London: Sage.
82. Said, E. (1989 [1978]) Orientalism. New York: Pantheon.
83. Sartre, J.-P. (1963) The Problem of Method. Translated by H.E. Barnes. London: Methuen.
84. Seager, R.H. (1995) The World's Parliament of Religions: The East/West Encounter, Chicago, 1893. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
85. Shilling, C. (2005) The Body in Culture, Technology and Society. London: Sage.
86. Shilling, C. and Mellor, P. (1996) Embodiment, Structuration Theory and Modernity: Mind/Body Dualism and the Repression of Sensuality, Body & Society 2(3): 1-15.
87. Smith, R. (2007) Body, Mind and Spirit? Towards an Analysis of the Practice of Yoga, Body & Society 13(2): 25-46.
88. Sparkes, A.C. (2002) Telling Tales in Sport and Physical Activity: A Qualitative Journey. London: Human Kinetics.
89. Sparrowe, L. and Walden, P. (2002) The Woman's Book of Yoga and Health: A Lifelong Guide to Wellness. Boston, MA: Shambhala.
90. Sport England (2002) Women in Sport FactSheet, URL (consulted 10 July 2006): www.sportengland.org.
91. Sport England (2003) Young People and Sport in England: Trends in Participation 1994-2002, URL (consulted 11 July 2006): http://www.sportenglandpublications.org.uk/.
92. Stones, R. (2005) Structuration Theory. London: Palgrave.
93. Strauss, S. (2005) Positioning Yoga. London: Berg.
94. Tan, K.S. (2004) Constructing a Martial Tradition: Rethinking a Popular History of Karate-Do, Journal of Sport and Social Issues 28(2): 169-92.
95. Trulson, M.E. (1986) Martial Arts Training: A Novel Cure for Juvenile Delinquency, Human Relations 39(12): 1131-40.
96. Tsunetomo, Y. (2000 [1710]) Hagakure: The Book of the Samurai. Translated by W.S. Wilson. London: Kodansha International.
97. Turner, B. (2003) Warrior Charisma and the Spiritualization of Violence, Body & Society 9(4): 93-108.
98. Turner, V. (1969) The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. Chicago: Aldine.
99. Twemlow, S.W. and Sacco, F.C. (1998) The Application of Traditional Martial Arts Practice and Theory to the Treatment of Violent Adolescents, Adolescence 33: 505-19.
100. Villamón, M., Brown, D.H.K., Espartero, J. and Gutierrez, C. (2004) Reflexive Modernization and the Disembedding of Judo from 1946 to the 2000 Sydney Olympics, International Review for the Sociology of Sport 39(2): 139-56.
101. Van der Veer, P. (1994) Religious Nationalism: Hindus and Muslims in India. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
102. Weiser, M., Kutz, I., Kutz, S. and Weiser, D. (1995) Psychotherapeutic Aspects of the Martial Arts, American Journal of Psychotherapy 49(1): 118-27.
103. Whang, C.C., Collet, J.-P. and Lau, J. (2004) The Effect of Tai Chi on Health Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review, Archives of Internal Medicine 164(5): 493-501.
104. Wilson, S.R. (1984) Becoming a Yogi: Resocialization and Deconditioning as Conversion Processes, Sociological Analysis 45(4): 301-14.
105. Winkle, J.M. and Ozmun, J.C. (2003) 'Martial Arts: An Exciting Addition to the Physical Education Curriculum', Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance 74(4): 29-35.
106. Wong, E. (1992) Cultivating Stillness: A Taoist Manual for Transforming Body and Mind. London: Shambhala.
107. Yuasa, Y. (1987) The Body: Toward an Eastern Mind-Body Theory. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
108. Zivin, G., Hassan, N.R., De Paula, G.F., Monti, D.A., Harlan, C., Hossain, K. and Patersson, K. (2001) An Effective Approach to Violence Prevention: Traditional Martial Arts in Middle School, Adolesence 36(143): 443-59.