메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 671-682

Comparison of linear-stochastic and nonlinear-deterministic algorithms in the analysis of 15-minute clinical ECGs to predict risk of arrhythmic death

Author keywords

Autonomic nervous system; Chaos; ECG; Electrophysiology; Heart rate variability; HRV; Nonlinear; PD2i; Regulatory systems; Sudden cardiac death; Ventricular arrhythmias

Indexed keywords

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; ADULT; AGED; ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; CARDIAC PATIENT; DEATH; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART AUTOMATICITY; HEART BEAT; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; LINEAR SYSTEM; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; NONLINEAR SYSTEM; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK ASSESSMENT; RR INTERVAL; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; STOCHASTIC MODEL; THORAX PAIN;

EID: 77949452902     PISSN: 11766336     EISSN: 1178203X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s5568     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (8)

References (54)
  • 1
    • 0028342445 scopus 로고
    • Heart rate variability: A measure of cardiac autonomic tone
    • Stein PK, Bosner MS, Kleiger RE, Conger BM. Heart rate variability: a measure of cardiac autonomic tone. Am Heart J. 1994;127: 1376-1380.
    • (1994) Am Heart J , vol.127 , pp. 1376-1380
    • Stein, P.K.1    Bosner, M.S.2    Kleiger, R.E.3    Conger, B.M.4
  • 2
    • 0023100673 scopus 로고
    • The Multicenter Post-Research Group. Decreased heart rate variability and its association with increased mortality after acute myocardial infarction
    • Kleiger RE, Miller JP, Bigger JT, Moss AJ. The Multicenter Post-Research Group. Decreased heart rate variability and its association with increased mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1987;59:256-262.
    • (1987) Am J Cardiol , vol.59 , pp. 256-262
    • Kleiger, R.E.1    Miller, J.P.2    Bigger, J.T.3    Moss, A.J.4
  • 3
    • 0029986390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short- and long-term assessment of heart rate variability for risk stratification after acute myocardial infarction
    • Fei L, Copie X, Malik M, Camm AJ. Short- and long-term assessment of heart rate variability for risk stratification after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1996;77:681-684.
    • (1996) Am J Cardiol , vol.77 , pp. 681-684
    • Fei, L.1    Copie, X.2    Malik, M.3    Camm, A.J.4
  • 4
    • 0008494528 scopus 로고
    • Determining Lyapunov exponents from a time series
    • Wolf A, Swift JB, Swinney HL, et al. Determining Lyapunov exponents from a time series. Phys D. 1985;16:285-317.
    • (1985) Phys D , vol.16 , pp. 285-317
    • Wolf, A.1    Swift, J.B.2    Swinney, H.L.3
  • 5
    • 0043035345 scopus 로고
    • Practical considerations in estimating dimension from time series data
    • Kostelich EJ, Swinney HL. Practical considerations in estimating dimension from time series data. Physica Scripta. 1989;40:436-441.
    • (1989) Physica Scripta , vol.40 , pp. 436-441
    • Kostelich, E.J.1    Swinney, H.L.2
  • 6
    • 0342445412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fractal correlation properties of R-R interval dynamics and mortality in patients with depressed left ventricular function after an acute myocardial infarction
    • Huikuri HV, Makikallio TH, Peng CK, Goldberger AL, Hintze U, Moller M. Fractal correlation properties of R-R interval dynamics and mortality in patients with depressed left ventricular function after an acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2000;101:47-53.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.101 , pp. 47-53
    • Huikuri, H.V.1    Makikallio, T.H.2    Peng, C.K.3    Goldberger, A.L.4    Hintze, U.5    Moller, M.6
  • 7
    • 0344436815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fractal dynamics in circadian cardiac time series of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor subtype-2 deficient mice
    • Stiedl O, Meyer M. Fractal dynamics in circadian cardiac time series of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor subtype-2 deficient mice. J Math Biol. 2003;47(2):169-197.
    • (2003) J Math Biol , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 169-197
    • Stiedl, O.1    Meyer, M.2
  • 8
    • 0002568717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New nonlinear algorithms for analysis of heart rate variability: Low dimensional chaos predicts lethal arrhythmias
    • Kantz H, Kurths J, Mayer-Kress G, editors, Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag;
    • Skinner JE, Zebrowski JJ, Kowalik ZJ. New nonlinear algorithms for analysis of heart rate variability: low dimensional chaos predicts lethal arrhythmias. In: Kantz H, Kurths J, Mayer-Kress G, editors. Nonlinear Analysis of Physiological Data. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag; 1998. pp. 129-166.
    • (1998) Nonlinear Analysis of Physiological Data , pp. 129-166
    • Skinner, J.E.1    Zebrowski, J.J.2    Kowalik, Z.J.3
  • 11
    • 0032213478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chaos in the cardiovascular system: An update
    • Wagner CD, Persson PB. Chaos in the cardiovascular system: an update. Cardiovasc Res. 1998;40:257-264.
    • (1998) Cardiovasc Res , vol.40 , pp. 257-264
    • Wagner, C.D.1    Persson, P.B.2
  • 12
    • 65849370276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods derived from nonlinear dynamics for analysing heart rate variability
    • Voss A, Schulz S, Schroeder R, et al. Methods derived from nonlinear dynamics for analysing heart rate variability. Philos Transact A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2009;367:277-296.
    • (2009) Philos Transact A Math Phys Eng Sci , vol.367 , pp. 277-296
    • Voss, A.1    Schulz, S.2    Schroeder, R.3
  • 13
    • 0025775077 scopus 로고
    • Ruling out myocardial infarction: A prospective multicenter validation of a 12-hour strategy for patients at low risk
    • Lee TH, Juarez G, Cook EF, et al. Ruling out myocardial infarction: a prospective multicenter validation of a 12-hour strategy for patients at low risk. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:1239-1246.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 1239-1246
    • Lee, T.H.1    Juarez, G.2    Cook, E.F.3
  • 14
    • 18744385520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • de Araujo-Goncalves P, Ferreira J, Aguiar C, Seabra-Gomes R. TIMI, PURSUIT, and GRACE risk scores: sustained prognostic value and interaction with revascularization in NSTE-ACS. Eur Heart J. 2005;9:851-852.
    • de Araujo-Goncalves P, Ferreira J, Aguiar C, Seabra-Gomes R. TIMI, PURSUIT, and GRACE risk scores: sustained prognostic value and interaction with revascularization in NSTE-ACS. Eur Heart J. 2005;9:851-852.
  • 15
    • 0027671862 scopus 로고
    • Forebrain regulation of cardiac function: Spectral and dimensional analysis of RR and QT intervals
    • Negoescu R, Skinner JE, Wolf S. Forebrain regulation of cardiac function: spectral and dimensional analysis of RR and QT intervals. Integr Physiol Behav Sci. 1993;28:331-342.
    • (1993) Integr Physiol Behav Sci , vol.28 , pp. 331-342
    • Negoescu, R.1    Skinner, J.E.2    Wolf, S.3
  • 16
    • 52949111491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk stratification for arrhythmic death in an emergency department cohort: A new method of nonlinear PD2i analysis of the ECG
    • Skinner JE, Meyer M, Dalsey WC, et al. Risk stratification for arrhythmic death in an emergency department cohort: a new method of nonlinear PD2i analysis of the ECG. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2008;4:689-697.
    • (2008) Ther Clin Risk Manag , vol.4 , pp. 689-697
    • Skinner, J.E.1    Meyer, M.2    Dalsey, W.C.3
  • 17
    • 0020064732 scopus 로고
    • Clinical classification of cardiac deaths
    • Hinkle LE Jr, Thaler HT. Clinical classification of cardiac deaths. Circulation. 1982;65:457-464.
    • (1982) Circulation , vol.65 , pp. 457-464
    • Hinkle Jr, L.E.1    Thaler, H.T.2
  • 18
    • 0033596940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of death in the CABG Patch trial: A randomized trial of implantable cardiac defibrillator prophylaxis in patients at high risk of death after coronary artery bypass graft surgery
    • Bigger JT Jr, Whang W, Rottman JN, et al. Mechanisms of death in the CABG Patch trial: a randomized trial of implantable cardiac defibrillator prophylaxis in patients at high risk of death after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Circulation. 1999;99:1416-1421.
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.99 , pp. 1416-1421
    • Bigger Jr, J.T.1    Whang, W.2    Rottman, J.N.3
  • 19
    • 0023404332 scopus 로고
    • Comparability of old and new World Health Organization criteria for definite myocardial infarction
    • Beaglehole R, Stewart AW, Butler M. Comparability of old and new World Health Organization criteria for definite myocardial infarction. Int J Epidemiol. 1987;16:373-376.
    • (1987) Int J Epidemiol , vol.16 , pp. 373-376
    • Beaglehole, R.1    Stewart, A.W.2    Butler, M.3
  • 20
    • 0028031540 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of methods for removal of ectopy in measurement of heart rate variability
    • Lippman N, Stein KM, Lerman BB. Comparison of methods for removal of ectopy in measurement of heart rate variability. Am J Physiol. 1994;267:H411-H419.
    • (1994) Am J Physiol , vol.267
    • Lippman, N.1    Stein, K.M.2    Lerman, B.B.3
  • 21
    • 0027408713 scopus 로고
    • A reduction in the correlation dimension of heartbeat intervals precedes imminent ventricular fibrillation in human subjects
    • Skinner JE, Pratt CM, Vybiral T. A reduction in the correlation dimension of heartbeat intervals precedes imminent ventricular fibrillation in human subjects. Am Heart J. 1993;125:731-743.
    • (1993) Am Heart J , vol.125 , pp. 731-743
    • Skinner, J.E.1    Pratt, C.M.2    Vybiral, T.3
  • 22
    • 0025959385 scopus 로고
    • The correlation dimension of heartbeat intervals is reduced in conscious pigs by myocardial ischemia
    • Skinner JE, Carpeggiani C, Landisman CE, et al. The correlation dimension of heartbeat intervals is reduced in conscious pigs by myocardial ischemia. Circ Res. 1991;68:966-976.
    • (1991) Circ Res , vol.68 , pp. 966-976
    • Skinner, J.E.1    Carpeggiani, C.2    Landisman, C.E.3
  • 23
    • 79957595003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological Analyzer
    • US Patent Office #5709214, 5709294. January 20, 1998
    • Skinner JE. Electrophysiological Analyzer. US Patent Office #5709214, #5709294. January 20, 1998.
    • Skinner, J.E.1
  • 24
    • 0028477067 scopus 로고
    • The point correlation dimension: Performance with nonstationary surrogate data and noise
    • Skinner JE, Molnar M, Tomberg C. The point correlation dimension: performance with nonstationary surrogate data and noise. Integr Physiol Behav Sci. 1994;29:217-234.
    • (1994) Integr Physiol Behav Sci , vol.29 , pp. 217-234
    • Skinner, J.E.1    Molnar, M.2    Tomberg, C.3
  • 25
    • 0033679802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear dynamics of heart rate variability during experimental hemorrhage in ketamine-anesthetized rats
    • Skinner JE, Nester BA, Dalsey WC. Nonlinear dynamics of heart rate variability during experimental hemorrhage in ketamine-anesthetized rats. Am J Physiol. 2000;297:H1669-H1678.
    • (2000) Am J Physiol , vol.297
    • Skinner, J.E.1    Nester, B.A.2    Dalsey, W.C.3
  • 26
    • 0027265514 scopus 로고
    • Conventional heart rate variability analysis of ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings fails to predict imminent ventricular fibrillation
    • Vybiral T, Glaeser DH, Goldberger AL, et al. Conventional heart rate variability analysis of ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings fails to predict imminent ventricular fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;322:557-565.
    • (1993) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.322 , pp. 557-565
    • Vybiral, T.1    Glaeser, D.H.2    Goldberger, A.L.3
  • 28
    • 0026585152 scopus 로고
    • Long-range correlations in nucleotide sequences
    • Peng CK, Buldyrev SV, Goldberger AL, et al. Long-range correlations in nucleotide sequences. Nature. 1992;356:168-170.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.356 , pp. 168-170
    • Peng, C.K.1    Buldyrev, S.V.2    Goldberger, A.L.3
  • 29
    • 0030762575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting survival in heart failure case and control subjects by use of fully automated methods for deriving nonlinear and conventional indices of heart rate dynamics
    • Ho KK, Moody GB, Peng CK, et al. Predicting survival in heart failure case and control subjects by use of fully automated methods for deriving nonlinear and conventional indices of heart rate dynamics. Circulation. 1997;96:842-848.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 842-848
    • Ho, K.K.1    Moody, G.B.2    Peng, C.K.3
  • 30
    • 0342611081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart rate dynamics before spontaneous onset of ventricular fibrillation in patients with healed myocardial infarcts
    • Makikallio TH, Koistinen J, Jordaens L, et al. Heart rate dynamics before spontaneous onset of ventricular fibrillation in patients with healed myocardial infarcts. Am J Cardiol. 1999;83:880-884.
    • (1999) Am J Cardiol , vol.83 , pp. 880-884
    • Makikallio, T.H.1    Koistinen, J.2    Jordaens, L.3
  • 31
    • 0031975045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart rate dynamics in patients with stable angina pectoris and utility of fractal and complexity measures
    • Makikallio TH, Ristimae T, Airaksinen KE, et al. Heart rate dynamics in patients with stable angina pectoris and utility of fractal and complexity measures. Am J Cardiol. 1998;81:27-31.
    • (1998) Am J Cardiol , vol.81 , pp. 27-31
    • Makikallio, T.H.1    Ristimae, T.2    Airaksinen, K.E.3
  • 32
    • 0026015905 scopus 로고
    • Approximate entropy as a measure of system complexity
    • Pincus SM. Approximate entropy as a measure of system complexity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991;88:2297-2301.
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.88 , pp. 2297-2301
    • Pincus, S.M.1
  • 33
    • 0028355806 scopus 로고
    • Physiological time-series analysis: What does regularity quantify?
    • Pincus SM, Goldberger AL. Physiological time-series analysis: what does regularity quantify? Am J Physiol. 1994;266:H1643-H1656.
    • (1994) Am J Physiol , vol.266
    • Pincus, S.M.1    Goldberger, A.L.2
  • 35
    • 0023100673 scopus 로고
    • The Multicenter Post-Research Group. Decreased heart rate variability and its association with increased mortality after acute myocardial infarction
    • Kleiger RE, Miller JP, Bigger JT, et al: The Multicenter Post-Research Group. Decreased heart rate variability and its association with increased mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1987;9:256-62.
    • (1987) Am J Cardiol , vol.9 , pp. 256-262
    • Kleiger, R.E.1    Miller, J.P.2    Bigger, J.T.3
  • 36
    • 0022929615 scopus 로고
    • Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability in sudden cardiac death: Comparison to other methods
    • Meyers GA, Martin GJ, Magid NM, et al. Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability in sudden cardiac death: comparison to other methods. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1986;3312:1149-1153.
    • (1986) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng , vol.3312 , pp. 1149-1153
    • Meyers, G.A.1    Martin, G.J.2    Magid, N.M.3
  • 37
    • 0025783230 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular neural regulation explored in the frequency domain
    • Malliani A, Pagani M, Lombardi F, et al. Cardiovascular neural regulation explored in the frequency domain. Circulation. 1991;84:482-492.
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.84 , pp. 482-492
    • Malliani, A.1    Pagani, M.2    Lombardi, F.3
  • 38
    • 0029928495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Circulation. 1996;93:1043-1065.
    • Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Circulation. 1996;93:1043-1065.
  • 39
    • 0029973544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power law behavior of RR-interval variability in healthy middle-aged persons, patients with recent acute myocardial infarction, and patients with heart transplants
    • Bigger JT, Steinman RC, Rolnitzky LM, Fleiss JL, Albrect P, Cohen RJ. Power law behavior of RR-interval variability in healthy middle-aged persons, patients with recent acute myocardial infarction, and patients with heart transplants. Circulation. 1996;93:2142-2151.
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.93 , pp. 2142-2151
    • Bigger, J.T.1    Steinman, R.C.2    Rolnitzky, L.M.3    Fleiss, J.L.4    Albrect, P.5    Cohen, R.J.6
  • 40
    • 0030585694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linear and nonlinear dynamics of heart rate variability after acute myocardial infarction with normal and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction
    • Lombardi T, Sandrone G, Mortara A, et al. Linear and nonlinear dynamics of heart rate variability after acute myocardial infarction with normal and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Am J Cardiol. 1996;77:1283-1288.
    • (1996) Am J Cardiol , vol.77 , pp. 1283-1288
    • Lombardi, T.1    Sandrone, G.2    Mortara, A.3
  • 42
    • 44049111332 scopus 로고
    • Testing for nonlinearity in time series: The method of surrogate data
    • Theiler J, Eubank S, Longtin A, et al. Testing for nonlinearity in time series: the method of surrogate data. Phys D. 1992;58:77-94.
    • (1992) Phys D , vol.58 , pp. 77-94
    • Theiler, J.1    Eubank, S.2    Longtin, A.3
  • 43
    • 77949472147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skinner JE. Method and system for detecting and/or predicting biological anomalies. US Patent Number 7,076,288. July 11, 2006.
    • Skinner JE. Method and system for detecting and/or predicting biological anomalies. US Patent Number 7,076,288. July 11, 2006.
  • 44
    • 0032880985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Event-related dimensional reductions in the primary auditory cortex of the conscious cat are revealed by new techniques for enhancing the non-linear dimensional algorithms
    • Skinner JE, Molnar M. Event-related dimensional reductions in the primary auditory cortex of the conscious cat are revealed by new techniques for enhancing the non-linear dimensional algorithms. Int J Psychophysiol. 1999;34:21-35.
    • (1999) Int J Psychophysiol , vol.34 , pp. 21-35
    • Skinner, J.E.1    Molnar, M.2
  • 46
    • 34249862999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New paradigms in heart-brain medicine: Nonlinear physiology and state-dependent proteomics
    • Skinner JE. New paradigms in heart-brain medicine: nonlinear physiology and state-dependent proteomics. Cleve Clin J Med. 2007;74:S79-S85.
    • (2007) Cleve Clin J Med , vol.74
    • Skinner, J.E.1
  • 47
    • 34249844818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the brain in ventricular fibrillation and hypertension: From animal models to early human studies
    • Skinner JE. Role of the brain in ventricular fibrillation and hypertension: from animal models to early human studies. Cleve Clin J Med. 2007; 74:S73-S78.
    • (2007) Cleve Clin J Med , vol.74
    • Skinner, J.E.1
  • 48
    • 34047135956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of nonlinear methods symbolic dynamics, detrended fluctuation, and Poincare plot analysis in risk stratification in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
    • Voss A, Schroeder R, Truebner S, et al. Comparison of nonlinear methods symbolic dynamics, detrended fluctuation, and Poincare plot analysis in risk stratification in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Chaos. 2007;1:015120.
    • (2007) Chaos , vol.1 , pp. 015120
    • Voss, A.1    Schroeder, R.2    Truebner, S.3
  • 49
    • 44049093571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear analysis of the heartbeats in public patient ECGs using an automated PD2i algorithm for risk stratification of arrhythmic death
    • Skinner JE, Anchin JM, Weiss D. Nonlinear analysis of the heartbeats in public patient ECGs using an automated PD2i algorithm for risk stratification of arrhythmic death. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2008;4:549-557.
    • (2008) Ther Clin Risk Manag , vol.4 , pp. 549-557
    • Skinner, J.E.1    Anchin, J.M.2    Weiss, D.3
  • 50
    • 0027853375 scopus 로고
    • The point correlation dimension of R-R intervals predicts sudden cardiac death among high-risk patients
    • Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press;
    • Vybiral T, Skinner JE. The point correlation dimension of R-R intervals predicts sudden cardiac death among high-risk patients. Computers in Cardiology. Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press; 1993. pp. 257-260.
    • (1993) Computers in Cardiology , pp. 257-260
    • Vybiral, T.1    Skinner, J.E.2
  • 51
    • 0011877099 scopus 로고
    • Blockade of a frontocortical- brainstem pathway prevents ventricular fibrillation of the ischemic heart in pigs
    • Skinner JE, Reed JC. Blockade of a frontocortical- brainstem pathway prevents ventricular fibrillation of the ischemic heart in pigs. Am J Physiol. 1981;240:H156-H163.
    • (1981) Am J Physiol , vol.240
    • Skinner, J.E.1    Reed, J.C.2
  • 52
    • 0026599343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carpeggiani C, Landisman C, Montaron MF, Skinner JE. Cryoblockade in limbic brain (amygdala) delays or prevents ventricular fibrillation following coronary artery occlusion in psychologically stressed pigs. Circ Res. 1992;70:600-606.
    • Carpeggiani C, Landisman C, Montaron MF, Skinner JE. Cryoblockade in limbic brain (amygdala) delays or prevents ventricular fibrillation following coronary artery occlusion in psychologically stressed pigs. Circ Res. 1992;70:600-606.
  • 53
    • 85047676151 scopus 로고
    • Effect of chronic cardiac denervation on arrhythmias after coronary artery ligation
    • Ebert PA, Vanderbeck RB, Allgood RJ, Sabiston DC. Effect of chronic cardiac denervation on arrhythmias after coronary artery ligation. Cardiovasc Res. 1970;4:141-147.
    • (1970) Cardiovasc Res , vol.4 , pp. 141-147
    • Ebert, P.A.1    Vanderbeck, R.B.2    Allgood, R.J.3    Sabiston, D.C.4
  • 54
    • 0030252538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart rate variability in the human transplanted heart: Nonlinear dynamics and QT vs RR-QT alterations during exercise suggest a return of neurocardiac regulation in long-term recovery
    • Meyer M, Marconi C, Ferretti G, et al. Heart rate variability in the human transplanted heart: nonlinear dynamics and QT vs RR-QT alterations during exercise suggest a return of neurocardiac regulation in long-term recovery. Integ Physiol Behav Sci. 1996;31:289-305.
    • (1996) Integ Physiol Behav Sci , vol.31 , pp. 289-305
    • Meyer, M.1    Marconi, C.2    Ferretti, G.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.