Gap characteristics and their effects on regeneration, dominance and early growth of woody species

Journal of Plant Ecology

Volumn 2, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 21-29

  Sapkota, Indra Prasad ^a   Odén, Per Christer ^a  

^a SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Basal area; Canopy gap; Nepal; Sal forests; Seedling density; Seedling growth

Indexed keywords

SHOREA ROBUSTA; SYZYGIUM CUMINI; TERMINALIA;

EID: 77949446292     PISSN: 17529921     EISSN: 1752993X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jpe/rtp004     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Anonymous (1994) Operational Forest Management Plan for Nawalparansi district (1995-2000). Kathmandu, Nepal: Forest Research and Survey Centre.
2. Arriaga L (2000) Gap-building-phase regeneration in a tropical montane cloud forest of north-eastern Mexico. J Trop Ecol 16:535-562
3. Arunachalam A, Arunachalam K (2000) Influence of gap size and soil properties on microbial biomass in a subtropical humid forest of north-east India. Plant Soil 223:185-193
4. Barik SK, Pandey HN, Tripathi RS, et al. (1992) Microenvironmental variability and species-diversity in treefall gaps in a subtropical broadleaved forest. Vegetatio 103:31-40.
5. Barton AM, Fetcher N, Redhead S (1989) The relationship between treefall gap size and light flux in a neotropical rain forest in Costa Rica. J Trop Ecol 5:437-439
6. Boettcher SE, Kalisz PJ (1990) Single-tree influence on soil properties in the mountains of eastern Kentucky. Ecology 71:1365-1372
7. Brokaw N, Busing RT (2000) Niche versus chance and tree diversity in forest gaps. Trends Ecol Evol 15:183-188
8. Brokaw NVL (1985) Gap-phase regeneration in a tropical forest. Ecol Lett 66:682-687
9. Bullock JM (2000) Gaps and seedling colonization. In: Michael Fenner (ed). Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing, 375-395
10. Bylund H (1997) Stand age structure influence in a low population peak of Epirrita autumnata in a mountain birch forest. Ecography 20:319-326
11. Chandrashekara U, Ramakrishnan P (1993) Gap phase regeneration of tree species of differing successional status in a humid tropical forest of Kerala, India. J Biosci 18:279-290
12. Chandrashekara UM, Ramakrishnan PS (1994) Successional patterns and gap phase dynamics of a humid tropical forest of the Western Ghats of Kerala, India: ground vegetation, biomass, productivity and nutrient cycling. For Ecol Manage 70:23-40.
13. Dahir SE, Lorimer CG (1996) Variation in canopy gap formation among developmental stages of northern hardwood stands. Can J For Res 26:1875-1892
14. Dekker M, van Breugel M, Sterck FJ (2007) Effective height development of four co-occurring species in the gap-phase regeneration of Douglas fir monocultures under nature-oriented conversion. For Ecol Manage 238:189-198
15. Denslow JS (1980) Gap partitioning among tropical rainforest trees. Biotropica 12:47-55.
16. Denslow JS, Aaron ME, Sanford RE (1998) Treefall gap size effects on above-and below-ground processes in a tropical wet forest. J Ecol 86:597-609.
17. Doland Nichols J, Wagner MR, Agyeman VK, et al. (1998) Influence of artificial gaps in tropical forest on survival, growth, and Phytolyma lata attack on Milicia excelsa. For Ecol Manage 110:353-362
18. Fraver S, Brokaw NVL, Smith AP (1998) Delimiting the gap phase in the growth cycle of a Panamanian forest. J Trop Ecol 14:673-681
19. Gagnon JL, Jokela EJ, Moser WK, et al. (2004) Characteristics of gaps and natural regeneration in mature longleaf pine flatwoods ecosystems. For Ecol Manage 187:373-380
20. Heinemann K, Kitzberger T, Veblen TT (2000) Influences of gap microheterogeneity on the regeneration of Nothofagus pumilio in a xeric old-growth forest of northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Can J For Res 30:25-31.
21. Jackson JK (1994) Manual of Afforestation in Nepal, 2nd edn. Kathmandu, Nepal: Forest Research and Survey Center.
22. Lawes MJ, Joubert R, Griffiths ME, et al. (2007) The effect of the spatial scale of recruitment on tree diversity in Afromontane forest fragments. Biol Conserv 139:447-456
23. Lawton RO, Putz FE (1988) Natural disturbance and gap-phase regeneration in a wind-exposed tropical cloud forest. Ecology 69:764-777
24. Li QZ, Bogaert J, Nijs I (2005) Gap pattern and colonization opportunities in plant communities: effects of species richness, mortality, and spatial aggregation. Ecography 28:777-790
25. Lima RAF (2005) Gap size measurement: the proposal of a new field method. For Ecol Manage 214:413-419
26. Lima RAF, Moura LC (2008) Gap disturbance regime and composition in the Atlantic Montane Rain Forest: the influence of topography. Plant Ecol 197:239-253
27. Magurran AE (2004) Measuring Biological Diversity. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
28. Mauricio FP (1985) Enrichment planting improves logged-over dipterocarp forests: the Philippine experience. In: Kostermans AJGH (ed). Proceedings of the Third Round Table Conference on Dipterocarps 16-20 April 1985. East Kalimantan, Indonesia: Mulawarman University, Samarinda.
29. Morton J (1987) Jambolan. In: Morotn J (ed). Fruits of Warm Climates. Julia F. Morton, Miami, FL.
30. Naaf T, Wulf M (2007) Effects of gap size, light and herbivory on the herb layer vegetation in European beech forest gaps. For Ecol Manage 244:141-149
31. Okuda T, Suzuki M, Adachi N, et al. (2003) Effect of selective logging on canopy and stand structure and tree species composition in a lowland dipterocarp forest in peninsular Malaysia. For Ecol Manage 175:297-320.
32. Richards LA, Coley PD (2007) Seasonal and habitat differences affect the impact of food and predation on herbivores: a comparison between gaps and understory of a tropical forest. Oikos 116:31-40.
33. Rosario EA (1982) The ecological role of pioneer species in the natural regeneration of logged-over dipterocarp forests. Canopy Int 6:5-8.
34. Sapkota IP, Tigabu M, Oden PC (2009) Species diversity and regeneration of old-growth seasonally dry Shorea robusta forests following gap formation. J For Res 20:7-14.
35. Schnitzer SA, Carson WP (2001) Treefall gaps and the maintenance of species diversity in a tropical forest. Ecology 82:913-919
36. Sen A, Johri T, Bisht NS (2008) Analysis of the effects of anthropogenic interferences on tree species composition in the forests of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, India. Curr Sci 95:50-58
37. Spies TA, Franklin JF, Klopsch M (1990) Canopy gaps in Douglas-fir forests of the Cascade mountains. Can J For Res 20:649-658
38. Sterck FJ, Bonger F (1998) Ontogenetic changes in size, allometry, and mechanical design of tropical rain forest trees. Am J Bot 85:266-272
39. Taylor AH, Qin Z (1988) Regeneration patterns in old-growth Abies-Betula forests in the Wolong Natural Reserve, Sichuan, China. J Ecol 76:1204-1218
40. Tuomela K, Kuusipalo J, Vesa L, et al. (1996) Growth of dipterocarp seedlings in artificial gaps: an experiment in a logged-over rainforest in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. For Ecol Manage 81:95-100.
41. Uhl C, Clark K, Dezzeo N, et al. (1988) Vegetation dynamics in Amazonian treefall gaps. Ecology 69:751-763
42. Van Der Meer PJ, Bongers F (1996a) Formation and closure of canopy gaps in the rain forest at Nouragues, French Guiana. Vegetatio 126:167-179
43. Van Der Meer PJ, Bongers F (1996b) Patterns of tree-fall and branchfall in a tropical rain forest in French Guiana. J Ecol 84:19-29.
44. Vetaas OR (1997) The effect of canopy disturbance on species richness in a central Himalayan oak forest. Plant Ecol 132:29-38.
45. Xi W, Peet RK, Urban DL (2008) Changes in forest structure, species diversity and spatial pattern following hurricane disturbance in a Piedmont North Carolina forest, USA. J Plant Ecol 1:43-57.
46. Yamamoto SI (1995) Gap characteristics and gap regeneration in subalpine old-growth coniferous forests, central Japan. Ecol Res 10:31-39
47. Yamamoto SI (2000) Forest gap dynamics and tree regeneration. J For Res 5:223-229
48. Zang RG, Tao JP, Li CY (2005) Within community patch dynamics in a tropical montane rain forest of Hainan Island, South China. Acta Oecol 28:39-48.
49. Zang RG, Wang BS (2002) Study on canopy disturbance regime and mechanism of tree species diversity maintenance in the lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, South China. Plant Biosyst 136:241-250