Is the EU's governance 'good'? An assessment of EU governance in its partnership with ACP states

Third World Quarterly

Volumn 31, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 31-49

  Slocum Bradley, Nikki ^a   Bradley, Andrew ^b  

^a United Nations University Comparative Regional Integration Studies (UNU CRIS)   (Belgium)

^b ACP Secretariat   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EUROPEAN COMMISSION; EUROPEAN UNION; GOVERNANCE APPROACH; INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT; POVERTY ALLEVIATION; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;

EID: 77949401717     PISSN: 01436597     EISSN: 13602241     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01436590903557314     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. 1 Unless otherwise stated, the acronym EU will be used throughout the remainder of the paper, also when referring to the earlier European Economic Community (EEC) and the present European Community (EC).
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10. As quoted in A Draude,Wer regiert wie?, p 6 (authors' translation from German). In original: 'Muster der Interdependenzbewä ltigung'.
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29. At the third, fourth and fifth summits of ACPHeads of State andGovernment, held in 2002, 2004 and 2006.
30. For a critical report on EU treatment of ACP migrants, see ACP -EU JPA Bureau, Draft Report on the Joint Mission of the JPA to Malta and the Canary Islands (Spain) 29 October to 3 November 2006, Brussels, 15 February 2007.
31. European Commission, Governance and Development.
32. Yanacopulos, 'The rise of trans-national coalitions of NGOs'.
33. While the Cotonou Agreement refers to 'conditionalities', later policy documents declare an attempt to move away from their use.
34. For example, policy changes outlined in the Lisbon Treaty are likely to significantly influence the EU's relationship with the ACP group.
35. B Campbell, 'Aid governance and transparency: essential preconditions or new conditionality? And on whose development agenda?' paper presented to the 821st Wilton Park Conference on 'Scaling Up and Absorbing Resources: Challenges for Poverty Eradication', 25-28 October 2006, at http://www.er.uqam.ca/nobel/ieim/IMG/pdf/BCampbell_CEMLP_Aid_Governance_and_Transparency_2006_1028.pdf, accessed 12 November 2009.
36. Montagner, De l'usage du concept de gouvernance dans les politiques de développement.
37. The tranche is allocated and disbursed as 'additional resources' to the initial country allocation. See European Commission, Supporting Democratic Governance through the Governance Initiative: A Review and the Way Forward, Commission Staff Working Paper SEC(2009)58 final, Brussels, 2009.
38. Assessments of the use of the tranche are given in N Molenaers & L Nijs, 'From the theory of aid effectiveness to the practice: the European Commission's Governance Incentive Tranche', Development Policy Review, 27(5), pp 561-580; and in Carbone's contribution to this issue.
39. European Commission, Supporting Democratic Governance, p 6.
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41. European Commission, Supporting Democratic Governance, pp 3-4.
42. and EC, Governance in the European Consensus on Development.
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44. European Commission, Governance and Development, section 1.4.
45. BOND, Governance.
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47. Concord, Governance, Concord Cotonou Working Group Briefing Paper, ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly, Kigali (Rwanda), 17-22 November 2007.
48. CIDSE, Governance and Development Cooperation, p 3. See also Carbone, this issue, for a discussion of CIDSE's critique.
49. The Cotonou Agreement stipulates that the parties would conclude new World Trade Organization (WTO)-compatible trading arrangements by 2008. EPAs were meant to be free trade agreements that would end the non-reciprocal and preferential trade arrangements between the EU and ACP states, which are incompatible with WTO rules.
50. ACP Secretariat, Resolution on Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) of the 89th Session of the ACP Council of Ministers, held in Brussels, Belgium from 25-27 May 2009, Ref ACP/25/008/09 (final version), Brussels, 2009.
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52. N Slocum-Bradley, 'Constructing and de-constructing the ACP group: actors, strategies and consequences for development', Geopolitics, 12(4), 2007, pp 635-655.
53. ACP Secretariat, Resolution on Economic Partnership Agreements, pp 1, 2, 4.
54. For example Oxfam International, Slamming the Door on Development: Analysis of the EU's Response to the Pacific's EPA Negotiating Proposals, Oxfam Background Paper, December 2006.
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57. Cf Birdsall, 'Stormy days on an open field'.
58. UNCTAD, The Least Developed Countries Report 2002: Escaping the Poverty Trap, Geneva: UNCTAD, 2002, p 265.
59. Bilal & Stevens, The Interim Economic Partnership Agreements between the EU and African Sates, p 3.
60. Ibid, p 4.
61. Oxfam International, Slamming the Door on Development.
62. Bilal & Stevens, The Interim Economic Partnership Agreements between the EU and African States, p 225.
63. Oxfam International, Slamming the Door on Development, p 5.
64. Slocum-Bradley, 'Constructing and de-constructing the ACP group'.
65. European Commission, EU-Caribbean Partnership for Growth, Stability and Development, Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee, 2 March 2006, COM(2006)86 final.
66. EC, EU Relations with the Pacific Islands: A Strategy for a Strengthened Partnership, Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament and the European Economic and Social Committee, 29 May 2006, COM(2006)248.
67. EC, Towards an EU-South Africa Strategic Partnership, Communication from the ommission to the Council and the European Parliament, 28 June 2006, COM(2006)347.
68. EC, EU Strategy for Africa: Towards a Euro-African Pact to Accelerate Africa's Development, Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament and the European Economic and Social Committee, 12 October 2005, COM(2005)489 final.
69. and EC, The EU-Africa Strategic Partnership, 27 June 2007, COM(2007)357.
70. 59 According to the EC website, 'the European Neighbourhood Policy applies to the EU's immediate neighbours by land or sea-Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Egypt, Georgia, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya,Moldova,Morocco, Occupied Palestinian Territory, Syria, Tunisia and Ukraine'.
71. See http://ec.europa.eu/world/enp/policy_en.htm, accessed 12 November 2009. 60 See Slocum-Bradley, 'Constructing and de-constructing the ACP group', for a more extensive discussion of the de-construction of the ACP group.
72. The 10th EDF, to be disbursed during the period 2008-13, amounts to €22 682 million This fund is divided between national and regional indicative programmes, intra-ACP programmes and projects, investment facilities, EU Overseas Countries and Territories and the European Commission itself (to cover expenditures for programming and implementation, such as its offices and staff in developing countries).
73. Part 1, General provisions, Title 1, Chapter 1, Article 2.
74. Bilal & Stevens, The Interim Economic Partnership Agreements between the EU and African States, p 230.
75. Part 1, Title II, Article 11b. See also the 10th EDF, Annex 1b.
76. ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly, Report of the ACP-EU JPA Delegation-Fact-Finding Mission to Seychelles: 25-27 April 2008, Ref APP/100.290/BURv01-00 & CR\717175EN.doc, Brussels, 2008.
77. Ibid, p 5. For example, di_erent maximum levels of cadmium were set for EU Overseas Countries and Territories, such as Reunion, and the Seychelles. Furthermore, all Seychelles vessels are required to have non-wooden decks, while the majority of EC vessels still use wooden decks
78. Ibid, p 5.
79. Ibid, p 7.
80. Oxfam International, Slamming the Door on Development, p 5.
81. Nissanke & Thorbecke, 'A quest for pro-poor globalization', p 265.
82. Birdsall, 'Stormy days on an open field', p 243.