Drying of supported catalysts: A comparison of model predictions and experimental measurements of metal profiles

Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research

Volumn 49, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 2649-2657

  Liu, Xue ^a   Khinast, Johannes G ^b   Glasser, Benjamin J ^a  

^a The State University of New Jersey   (United States)

^b GRAZ UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Austria)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DRYING PROCESS; DRYING TEMPERATURE; EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; METAL DISTRIBUTIONS; METAL LOADINGS; MODEL PREDICTION; SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS; SUPPORTED CATALYSTS; SUPPORTED-METAL CATALYSTS; THEORETICAL MODELS;

CATALYSTS; CURING; DEWATERING; FORECASTING; INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS; LIQUID FILMS; LOADING;

METALS;

EID: 77949384390     PISSN: 08885885     EISSN: 15205045     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ie9014606     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Ertl, G.; Knözinger, H.; Weitkamp, J. Preparation of Solid Catalysts; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany, 1999.
2. Shyr, Y. S.; Ernst, W. Preparation of nonuniformly active catalysts. J. Catal. 1980, 63, 425-432.
3. Gavrilidis, A.; Varma, A.; Morbidelli, M. Optimal distribution of catalyst in pellets. Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng. 1993, 35, 399-456.
4. Maatman, R. W.; Prater, C. D. Adsorption and exclusion in impregnation of porous catalytic supports. Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. 1957, 49, 253-257.
5. Neimark, A. V.; Kheifez, L. I.; Fenelonov, V. B. Theory of preparation of supported catalysts. Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1981, 20, 439-450.
6. Lee, S.-Y.; Aris, R. The distribution of active ingredients in supported catalysts prepared by impregnation. Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng. 1985, 27, 207-340.
7. Kotter, M.; Riekert, L. Impregnation type catalysts with nonuniform distribution of the active component. Part II: Preparation and properties of catalysts with different distribution of the active component on inert carriers. Chem. Eng. Fundam. 1983, 2, 31-38.
8. Komiyama, M.; Merrill, R. P.; Harnsberger, H. F. Concentration profiles in impregnation of porous catalysts: nickel of alumina. J. Catal. 1980, 63, 35-52.
9. 3 catalysts. Chem. Eng. Sci. 1994, 49, 4889-4895.
10. Wu, D. F.; Zhou, J. C.; Li, Y. D. Mechanical strength of solid catalysts: Recent developments and future prospects. AIChE J. 2007, 53, 2618-2629.
11. 3 hydrotreating catalyst. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 2002, 143, 101-109.
12. Santhanam, N.; Conforti, T. A.; Spieker, W. A.; Regalbuto, J. R. Nature of metal catalyst precursors adsorbed onto oxide supports. Catal. Today 1994, 21, 141-156.
13. Bergweff, J. A.; Lysova, A. A.; Alonso, L. E.; Koptyug, I. V.; Weckhuysen, B. M. Probing the transport of paramagnetic complexes inside catalyst bodies in a quantitative manner by magnetic resonance imaging. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 7224-7227.
14. Bergweff, J. A.; Lysova, A. A.; Alonso, L. E.; Koptyug, I. V.; Weckhuysen, B. M. Monitoring transport phenomena of paramagnetic metalion complexes inside catalyst bodies with magnetic resonance imaging. Chem.-Eur. J. 2008, 14, 2363-2374.
15. Lysova, A. A.; Koptyug, I. V.; Sagdeev, R. Z.; Parmon, V. N.; Bergwerff, J. A.; Weckhuysen, B. M. Noninvasive in situ visualization of supported catalyst preparations using multinuclear magnetic resonance imaging. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 11916-11917.
16. Koptyug, I. V.; Fenelonov, V. B.; Khitrina, L.; Sagdeev, R. Z.; Parmon, V. N. In situ NMR imaging studies of the drying kinetics of porous catalyst support pellets. J. Phys. Chem. B 1998, 102, 3090-3098.
17. Koptyug, I. V.; Kabanikhin, S. I.; Iskakov, K. T.; Fenelonov, V. B.; Khitrina, L.; Sagdeev, R. Z.; Parmon, V. N. A quantitative NMR imaging study of mass transport in porous solids during drying. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2000, 55, 1559-1571.
18. 3 pellets during impregnation. Chem.-Eur. J. 2005, 11, 4591-4601.
19. van de Water, L. G. A.; Bezemer, G. L.; Bergweff, J. A.; Helder, M. V.; Weckhuysen, B. M.; de Jong, K. P. Spatially resolved UV-vis microspectroscopy on the preparation of alumina-supported Co Fischer- Trospch catalysts: Linking activity to Co distribution and speciation. J. Catal. 2006, 242, 287-298.
20. 3 catalyst bodies. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 14513-14522.
21. 3 catalysts and mathematical modeling of the impregnation process. Chem. Eng. J. 2003, 94, 93-98.
22. Galarraga, C.; Peluso, E.; Lasa, H. Eggshell catalysts for Fischer- Tropsch synthesis modeling catalyst impregnation. Chem. Eng. J. 2001, 82, 13-20.
23. Komiyama, M. Design and preparation of impregnated catalysts. Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng. 1985, 27, 341-372.
24. Lekhal, A.; Khinast, J. G.; Glasser, B. J. Predicting the effect of drying on supported co-impregnation catalysts. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2001, 40, 3989-3999.
25. Lekhal, A.; Glasser, B. J.; Khinast, J. G. Impact of drying on the catalyst profile in supported impregnation catalysts. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2001, 56, 4473-4487.
26. Lekhal, A.; Glasser, B. J.; Khinast, J. G. Influence of pH and ionic strength on the metal profile of impregnation catalysts. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2004, 59, 1063-1077.
27. Liu, X.; Khinast, J. G.; Glasser, B. J. A parametric investigation of impregnation and drying of supported catalysts. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2008, 63, 4517-4530.
28. Neimark, A. V.; Fenelonov, V. B.; Kheifets, L. I. Analysis of the drying stage in the technology of supported catalysts. React. Kinet. Catal. Lett. 1976, 5, 67-72.
29. Uemura, Y.; Hatate, Y.; Ikari, A. Formation of nickel concentration profile in nickel/alumina catalyst during post-impregnation. J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 1973, 6, 117-123.
30. 3 in Relation to Its Catalytic Performance in Hydrodesulfurization Reactions. J. Catal. 2001, 203, 509-515.
31. Santos, R. M.; Lisboa, J. S.; Passos, F. B.; Noronha, F. B. Characterization of Steam-Reforming Catalysts. Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 2004, 21, 203-209.
32. 3 pellets with internal step-distribution of catalyst: experiments and theory. J. Catal. 1996, 158, 439-451.
33. Melo, F.; Cervello, J.; Hermana, E. Impregnation of porous supports- I Theoretical study of the impregnation of one or two active species. Chem. Eng. Sci. 1980, 35, 2165-2174.
34. 3 catalysts. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1986, 25, 84-88.
35. Krishna, R. A simplified procedure for the solution of the dusty gas model equations for steady state transport in non-reacting systems. Chem. Eng. J. 1987, 35, 75-81.
36. Wesselingh, J. A.; Krishna, R. Mass Transfer, 2nd ed.; Chichester, U.K.: Ellis Horwood: Chichester, England, 1998.
37. Jones, P. J. Petroleum Production; Reinhold: New York, 1946.
38. Gomis, V.; Font, A.; Saquete, M. D. Vapour-liquid-liquid and vapour-liquid equilibrium of the system water + ethanol + heptane at 101.3 kPa. Fluid Phase Equilib. 2006, 248, 206-210.
39. Hailwood, A. J.; Horrobin, S. Absorption of water by polymers: Analysis in terms of a simple model. Trans. Faraday Soc. 1946, 42B, 84-92.
40. Simpson, W. T. Predicting equilibrium moisture content of wood by mathematical models. Wood Fiber 1973, 5, 41-49.
41. Dullien, F. A. L. Porous Media: Fluid Transport and Pore Structure, 2nd ed.; Academic Press: San Diego, CA, 1992.
42. Perre, P.; Moser, M.; Martin, M. Advances in transport phenomena during convective drying with superheated steam and moist air. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 1993, 36, 2725-2746.
43. Newman, J. Electrochemical Systems, 2nd ed.; Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1991.
44. Krishna, R. A simplifed procedure for the solution of the dusty gas model equations for steady state transport in nonreacting systems. Chem. Eng. J. 1987, 35, 75-81.
45. Patankar, S. V. Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow; McGraw- Hill: New York, 1980.
46. Deuflhard, P.; Hairer, E.; Zugck, J. One-step and extrapolation methods for differential-algebraic systems. Numer. Math. 1987, 51, 501-516.
47. 2 ex nitrate catalysts: Impregnation, drying, and thermal treatments. Chem. Mater. 2008, 20, 2921-2931.
48. Takahashi, R.; Sato, S.; Sodesawa, T.; Kamomae, Y. Measurement of the diffusion coefficient of nickel nitrate in wet silica gel using UV-vis spectroscope equipped with a flow cell. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2000, 2, 1199-1204.
49. Innocentini, M. D. M.; Salvini, V. R.; Macedo, A.; Pandolfelli, V. C. Prediction of ceramic foams permeability using Ergun's equation. Mater. Res. 1999, 2, 283-289.
50. Smith, E. B. Basic Chemical Thermodynamics; Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK, 1993.
51. Regalbuto, J. R. Catalyst Preparation; CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2007.