Chlorinated aromatic compounds in a thermal process promoted by oxychlorination of ferric chloride

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 44, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 1974-1979

  Fujimori, Takashi ^a   Takaoka, Masaki ^a   Morisawa, Shinsuke ^a  

^a KYOTO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

A-THERMAL; AMORPHOUS IRON; ANALYTICAL METHOD; AROMATIC CARBON; ATOMIC SCALE; CARBON GASIFICATION; CARBON MATRIX; CATALYTIC CYCLES; CHEMICAL CHANGE; CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC; CHEMICAL FORMS; CHLORINATED AROMATIC COMPOUNDS; CHLORINATED AROMATICS; FE K-EDGE; FERRIC CHLORIDE; OXYCHLORINATION; SOLID SAMPLES; SOLID-PHASE; SURFACE OXYGEN COMPLEXES; THERMAL FORMATION; XRD;

ABSORPTION; ABSORPTION SPECTRA; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; AROMATIC COMPOUNDS; AROMATIZATION; ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY; BORON; BORON NITRIDE; CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS; CHLORINATION; CHLORINE COMPOUNDS; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; NITRIDES; OXYGEN; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; X RAY ABSORPTION; X RAY ANALYSIS; X RAY DIFFRACTION;

ACTIVATED CARBON;

ACTIVATED CARBON; AROMATIC COMPOUND; BORON; CARBON; FERRIC CHLORIDE; IRON; NITROGEN DERIVATIVE; OXYGEN;

ACTIVATED CARBON; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHLORINATION; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE EFFECT; XANES SPECTROSCOPY;

ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ANALYTIC METHOD; ARTICLE; CATALYSIS; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CHEMICAL REACTION; CHLORINATION; GASIFICATION; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDATION; SOLID; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; TEMPERATURE; THERMAL ANALYSIS; X RAY DIFFRACTION;

CARBON; CHLORIDES; CHLORINE COMPOUNDS; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; FERRIC COMPOUNDS; HALOGENATION; HEATING; HYDROCARBONS, AROMATIC; KINETICS; MODELS, CHEMICAL; PARTICULATE MATTER; X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY;

EID: 77949381405     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es903337d     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Bumb, R. R; Crummett, W. B.; Cutie, S. S.; Gledhill, J. R.; Hummel, R. H.; Kagel, R. O.; Lamparski, L. L; Luoma, E. V.; Miller, D. L.; Nestrick, T. J.; Shadoff, L. A.; Stehl, R. H.; Woods, J. S. Trace chemistries of fire: a source of chlorinated dioxins. Science 1980, 210, 385-390.
2. Czuzuwa, J. M.; Hites, R. A. Environmental fate of combustiongenerated polychlorinated dioxins and furans. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1984, 18, 444-450.
3. Olie, K.; Vermeulen, P. L; Hutzinger, O. Chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and chlorodibenzofurans are trace components of fly ash and flue gas of some municipal incinerators in The Netherlands. Chemosphere 1977, 6, 455-459.
4. Ballschmiter, K.; Braunmiller, I.; Niemczyk, R.; Swerev, M. Reaction pathways for the formation of polychloro-dibenzodioxins (PCDD) and -dibenzofurans (PCDF) in combustion processes: II. Chlorobenzenes and chlorophenols as precursors in the formation of polychloro-dibenzodioxins and -dibenzofurans in flame chemistry. Chemosphere 1988, 17, 995-1005.
5. Anderson, D.; Fisher, R. Sources of dioxins in the United Kingdom: the steel industry and other sources. Chemosphere 2002, 46, 371-381.
6. Cieplik, M. K.; Carbonell, J. P.; Muñoz, C.; Baker, S.; Krüger, S.; Liljelind, P.; Marklund, S.; Louw, R. On dioxin formation in iron ore sintering. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 3323-3331.
7. Addink, R.; Olie, K. Mechanisms of formation and destruction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in heterogeneous systems. Environ. Sci. Technol 1995, 29,1425-1435.
8. Tuppurainen, K.; Halonen, I.; Ruokojärvi, P.; Tarhanen, J.; Ruuskanen, J. Formation of PCDDs and PCDFs in municipal waste incineration and its inhibition mechanisms: A review. Chemosphere 1998, 36, 1493-1511.
9. Huang, H.; Buekens, A. On the mechanisms of dioxin formation in combustion processes. Chemosphere 1995, 31, 4099-4117.
10. Fujimori, T.; Takaoka, M.; Takeda, N. Influence of Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn chlorides and oxides on formation of chlorinated aromatic compounds in MSWI fly ash. Environ. Sci. Technol 2009, 43, 8053-8059.
11. Luijk, R.; Akkerman, D. M.; Slot, P.; Olie, K.; Kapteijn, F. Mechanism of formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the catalyzed combustion of carbon. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 312-321.
12. Weber, P.; Dinjus, E.; Stieglitz, L. The role of copper(II) chloride in the formation of organic chlorine in fly ash. Chemosphere 2001, 42, 579-582.
13. Hoffman, R. V.; Eiceman, G. A.; Long, Y.-T.; Collins, M. C.; Lu, M.-Q. Mechanism of chlorination of aromatic compounds adsorbed on the surface on fly ash from municipal incinerators. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1990, 24, 1635-1641.
14. Stieglitz, L.; Vogg, H.; Zwick, G.; Beck, J.; Bautz, H. On formation conditions of organohalogen compounds from particulate carbon of fly ash. Chemosphere 1991, 23, 1255-1264.
15. Ryan, S. P.; Altwicker, E. R. Understanding the role of iron chlorides in the de novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzep-dioxins/dibenzofurans. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38, 1708-1717.
16. Xhrouet, C.; Pirard, C.; De Pauw, E. De novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans an fly ash from a sintering process. Environ. Sci. Technol 2001, 35, 1616-1623.
17. Takaoka, M.; Shiono, A.; Nishimura, K.;Yamamoto,T.; Uruga, T.; Takeda, N.; Tanaka, T.; Oshita, K.; Matsumoto, T.; Harada, H. Dynamic change of copper in fly ash during de novo synthesis of dioxins. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 5878-5884.
18. Fujimori, T.; Takaoka, M. Direct chlorination of carbon by copper chloride in a thermal process. Environ. Sci. Technol 2009, 43, 2241-2246.
19. Kauzlarich, S. M.; Teo, B. K.; Averill, B. A. Extended x-ray absorption fine-structure and powder x-ray-diffraction study of feocl intercalated with tetrathiafulvalene and related molecules. Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 1209-1215.
20. Webb, S. M. SIXpack: a graphical user interface for XAS analysis using IFEFFIT. Phys. Scr. 2005, T115, 1011-1014.
21. Slowey, A. J.; Johnson, S. B.; Rytuba, J. J.; Brown, G. E. Role of organic acids in promoting colloidal transport of mercury from mine tailings. Environ. Sci Technol. 2005, 39, 7869-7874.
22. Ressler, T.; Wong, J.; Roos, J.; Smith, I. L. Quantitative speciation of Mn-bearing particulates emitted from autos burning (methylcyclopentadienyl) manganese tricarbonyl-added gasolines usingXANES spectroscopy. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34, 950-958.
23. Manceau, A.; Marcus, M.A.; Tamura, N. Quantitative speciation of heavy metals in soils and sediments by synchrotron X-ray techniques. Applications of Synchrotron Radiation in Low-Temperature. Geochem. Environ. Sci. 2002, 49, 341-428.
24. Fujimori, T.; Tanino, Y.; Takaoka, M.; Morisawa, S. Chlorination mechanism of carbon during dioxins formation by using Cl-K near edge X-ray absorption fine structure. Bunseki Kagaku 2009, 58, 221-229, in Japanese.
25. Malinowski, E. R. Determination of the number of factors and the experimental error in a data matrix. Anal. Chem. 1977, 49, 612-617.
26. 3. Mater. Res. Bull. 1982, 17, 241-249.
27. Mul, G.; Kapteijn, F.; Moulijn, J. A. Catalytic oxidation of model soot by metal chlorides. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 1997, 12, 33-47.
28. McKee, D. W. Metal oxides as catalysts for the oxidation of graphite. Carbon 1970, 8, 623-635.