The socioeconomic status of the non-timber forest product subsector in Swaziland

Southern Forests

Volumn 71, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 311-318

  Dlamini, C S ^a   Geldenhuys, C J ^a  

^a STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Economic valuation; Plant species; Sustainable management; Use categories

Indexed keywords

BAUHINIA; BAUHINIA GALPINII; BERCHEMIA ZEYHERI; DICHROSTACHYS CINEREA; SCLEROCARYA BIRREA;

EID: 77949317889     PISSN: 20702620     EISSN: 20702639     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2989/SF.2009.71.4.9.1036     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Alexander SJ, McLain RJ. 2001. An overview of non-timber products in the United States today. In: Emery MR, McLain RJ (eds), Non-timber forest products: medicinal herbs, fungi, edible fruits and nuts, and other natural products from the forest. Binghamton: Haworth Press.
2. Allen JA, Pimentel DP, Lasoie JP. 1998. Fuel wood production and use in rural Swaziland: a case study of two communities. Forest Ecology and Management 25: 239-254.
3. Barrow E, Clarke J, Grundy I, Jones K-R, Tessema Y. 2002. Analysis of stakeholder power and responsibilities in community involvement in forest management in eastern and southern Africa. Nairobi: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Eastern Africa Regional Office.
4. Bhattarai M, Hammig M. 1998. Environmental policy analysis and instruments for biodiversity conservation: a review of recent economic literature. Working Paper No. 18810. Clemson: Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Clemson University.
5. Braun KP, Dlamini GM. 1994. Swaziland's plant diversity and its conservation. In Huntley BJ (ed.), Botanical diversity in South Africa. Strelitzia 1. Pretoria: National Botanical Institute. pp 117-123.
6. Braun KP, Dlamini SD, Mdladla DR, Methule NP, Dlamini PW, Dlamini MS (compilers). 2004. Swaziland flora checklist. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 27. Pretoria: SABONET.
7. Brown AE. 1999. Plant conservation in Swaziland: a comparison of the densities of savanna tree species between protected areas and communal land. MSc thesis, University of Kent, UK.
8. Campbell BM. 1987. The use of wild fruits in Zimbabwe. Economic Botany 41: 374-385.
9. Cassidy L, Dobson L, Gooday D, Mamba P, Mlangeni N, Murdoch G, Nsibandze B, Shongwe T. 2000. Environmental impact assessment for proposed sugarcane development Magesisni East in the Lubombo Region of Swaziland, Simunye. Unpublished report. Mbabane: Swaziland Environment Authority, Ministry of Tourism and Environmental Affairs.
10. Chapeskie A. 1999. Landscape and livelihoods: non-timber forest products in contemporary first nations economies. Paper presented at Nuu-Chah-Nulth Value-added Workshop, Port Alberni, 22-23 March 1999.
11. Clarke J, Grundy IM. 2004. The socio-economics of forest and woodland resource use: a hidden value. In: Lawes MJ, Eeley HAC, Shackleton CM, Geach BGS (eds), Indigenous forests and woodlands in South Africa: policy, people and practice. Scottsville: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press. pp 167-194.
12. Clarke J, Carvendish W, Covote C. 1996. Rural households and miombo woodlands: use, value and management. In: Campbell BM (ed.), The miombo in transition: woodlands and welfare in Africa. Bogor: Center for International Forestry Research. pp 101-136.
13. Compton RH. 1976. The flora of Swaziland. Journal of South African Botany Supplement 11.
14. Crafter SA, Awimbo J, Broekhoven AJ. 1997. Non-timber forest products: value, use and management issues in Africa, including examples from Latin America. Nairobi: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Eastern Africa Regional Office.
15. DANCED (Danish Corporation for International Development). 2000. Report on the non-timber forestry sub-sector of Swaziland. Mbabane: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives.
16. Dlamini B. 1981. Swaziland flora: their names and uses. Mbabane: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Forestry Section.
17. Dlamini CS. 1998. Provenance and family variation in germination, early seedling growth, fruit composition and seed mass in Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. sub-species caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro (Anacardiaceae): the marula. MSc thesis, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa.
18. Dlamini CS. 1999. Edited report on the status of non-wood forest products in Swaziland. Mbabane: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Forestry Section.
19. Dlamini CS. 2000. Report on germplasm improvement in indigenous fruit trees of Swaziland. Mbabane: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Forestry Section.
20. Dlamini CS. 2007. Towards the improvement of policy and strategy development for the sustainable management of non-timber forest products: Swaziland: a case study. PhD thesis, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa.
21. Dovie BKD, Shackleton CM, Witkowski TF. 2001. Valuing non-timber forest products - indicator for interplay between poverty, livelihoods and the environment. Paper presented at the Open Meeting of the Global Environment Change Research Community, Rio de Janeiro, 6-8 October 2001.
22. Falconer J. 1992. Non-timber forest products in southern Ghana. ODA Forestry Series No. 2. London: Overseas Development Adminstration.
23. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 1995. Report of the International Expert Consultation on Non-wood Forest Products: Yogyakarba, Indonesia, 12-27 January 1995. Non-Wood Forest Products No.3. Rome: FAO.
24. FAO. 2001. Non-wood forest products in Africa: a regional and national overview. FAO Forestry Working Paper FOPW/01/1. Rome: FAO.
25. FAO. 2003. NWFP-Digest-L No. 03/03. Available at http//www.fao. org/forestry/50077/en/ [accessed December 2009].
26. Geldenhuys CJ. 2004. Meeting the demand for Ocotea bullata bark: implications for the conservation of high-value and medicinal tree species. In: Lawes MJ, Eeley HAC, Shackleton CM, Geach BGS (eds), Indigenous forests and woodlands in South Africa: policy, people and practice. Scottsville: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press. pp 517-550.
27. GOS (Government of Swaziland). 2001. The Flora Protection Act 5 of 2001. Mbabane: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Government of Swaziland.
28. GOS. 2002a. National Forest Policy. Mbabane: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Government of Swaziland.
29. Gram S. 2001. Economic valuation of special forest products: an assessment of methodological shortcomings. Ecological Economics 36: 109-117.
30. Grundy IM, Mitchell N. 2004. Participatory forest management in South Africa. In: Lawes MJ, Eeley HAC, Shackleton CM, Geach BGS (eds), Indigenous forests and woodlands in South Africa: policy, people and practice. Scottsville: University of KwaZulu- Natal Press. pp 679-690.
31. Hassan R. 2001. Proposal for national resource accounting in Swaziland. Mbabane: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Forestry Section.
32. Hassan RM, Mbuli P, Dlamini CS. 2002. Natural resource accounts for the state and economic contribution of forests and woodlands resources in Swaziland. CEEPA Discussion Paper No. 4. Pretoria: Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa, University of Pretoria.
33. Helles F. 1999. Review of forest economics, policy and legislation in Swaziland. Mbabane: Forest Policy and Legislation Project, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Forestry Section.
34. Janse G, Ottisch A. 2005. Factors influencing the role of non-wood forest products and servives. Forest Policy and Economics 7: 309-319.
35. Lasschuit P. 1994. Rural household energy strategies in Swaziland. Amsterdam: Interfaculty Department of Environmental Science, University of Amsterdam.
36. Lasschuit PE. 1995. Urban household energy strategies in Swaziland. Amsterdam: IVAM Environmental Research, University of Amsterdam.
37. Lawes MJ, Obiri JAF, Eeley HAC. 2004. The uses and value of indigenous forest resources in South Africa. In: Lawes MJ, Eeley HAC, Shackleton CM, Geach BGS (eds), Indigenous forests and woodlands in South Africa: policy, people and practice. Scottsville: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press. pp 227-235.
38. Mander M. 1999. The value and commercialization potential of biodiversity in Swaziland: a preliminary discussion. Report for the Swaziland Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. Mbabane: Swaziland Environment Authority/United Nations Development Programme.
39. Mbuli P. 2003. Economic valuation of the forestry sector in Swaziland - a natural resource accounting approach. MSc thesis, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
40. Mogaka H, Simons G, Turpie J, Emerton L, Karanja F. 2001. Economic aspects of community involvement in sustainable forest management in eastern and southern Africa. Nairobi: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Eastern Africa Regional Office.
41. Ogle BM. 1982. Dietary utilization of wild plant resources in the ecological zones of rural Swaziland. MSc thesis, University of California, USA.
42. Olsen CS. 2005. Trade and conservation of Himalayan medical plants: Nardostachys grandiflora DC. and Neopicrorchiza scrophu- lariiflora (Pennel) Hong. Biological Conservation 125: 505-514.
43. Robles-Diaz-de-León LF, Kangas P. 1999. Evaluation of potential gross income from non-timber products in a model riparian forest for the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Agroforestry Systems 44: 215-225.
44. Shackleton CM. 1996. Potential stimulation of local rural economies by harvesting secondary products: a case study of the central Transvaal Lowveld, South Africa. Ambio 25: 33-38.
45. Shackleton CM. 2002. Growth and fruit production of Sclerocarya birrea in South Africa Lowveld. Agroforestry Systems 55: 175-180.
46. Shackleton CM, Shackleton SE. 1997. The use and potential for commercialization of veld products in the Bushbuckridge area. Nelspruit: DANCED-Community Forestry Project in the Bushbuckridge Area, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry.
47. Shackleton CM, Shackleton SE. 2000. Direct use values of secondary resources harvested from communal savannas in the Bushbuckridge Lowveld, South Africa. Journal of Tropical Forest Products 6: 28-47.
48. Shackleton CM, Shackleton SE. 2002. Household wealth status and natural resource in the Kat River valley, Eastern Cape. Unpublished report. Grahamstown: Rhodes University.
49. Shackleton C, Shackleton SE. 2004. The importance of NTFPs in rural livelihood security and as safety nets: a review of evidence from South Africa. South African Journal of Science 100: 658-664.
50. Shackleton CM, Shackleton SE. 2005. Household wealth status and natural resource use in the Kat River valley, South Africa. Ecological Economics 57: 306-317.
51. Shackleton CM, Shackleton SE, Ntshudu M, Ntzebeza J. 2002. The role and value of savanna non-timber forest products to rural households in the Kat River Valley, South Africa. Journal of Tropical Forest Products 8: 45-65.
52. Shackleton S, Shackleton C, Cousins B. 2000. Re-valuing the communal lands of southern Africa: new understanding of rural livelihoods. ODI Natural Resource Perspectives No. 62. London: Overseas Development Institute.
53. UNCED (United Nations Conference on Environment and Development). 1992. Agenda 21. Chapter 11: Combating deforestation. Available at http://www.un.org/esa/dsd/agenda21/res_agenda21_11.shtml [accessed December 2009].
54. UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme). 1992. United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD). Available at http://www.cbd.int [accessed December 2009].