US policy towards Africa: The Bush legacy and the Obama administration

African Affairs

Volumn 109, Issue 434, 2009, Pages 1-21

  Van De Walle, Nicolas ^a  

^a Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADMINISTRATION; AID; DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS; FOREIGN POLICY; PARADIGM SHIFT; POLICY IMPLEMENTATION;

AFRICA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 77749310271     PISSN: 00019909     EISSN: 14682621     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/afraf/adp065     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Throughout this article, 'Africa' is synonymous with 'sub-Saharan Africa', and the two terms will be used interchangeably
2. See, for instance, Peter Rosenblum, 'Irrational exuberance: the Clinton administration in Africa', Current History 101, 655 (2002), pp. 195-202.
3. Chris Alden, 'From neglect to "virtual engagement": the United States and its new paradigm for Africa', African Affairs 99, 396 (2000), pp. 355-71
4. Marina Ottaway, 'Rethinking US policy in Africa' (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, DC, 2001)
5. J. Stephen Morrison and Jennifer Cooke (eds) Africa Policy in the Clinton Years: Critical choices for the Bush administration (Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC, 2001).
6. Samantha Powers, A Problem from Hell: America and the age of genocide (HarperCollins, New York, NY, 2003)
7. Michael Mandelbaum, 'Foreign policy as social work', Foreign Affairs 75, 1 (1996), pp. 16-32.
8. See the discussion in William Minter, 'America and Africa: beyond the double standard', Current History 99, 637 (2000), pp. 200-10.
9. 'Bush in Africa', editorial, New York Post, 19 February 2008
10. Cited in Josh Kurlantzick, 'The ungiven gift', The Boston Globe, 31 August 2008
11. Cited in Lauren Ploch, 'Africa Command: US strategic interests and the role of the US military in Africa' (Congressional Research Service, Washington, DC, 16 May, 2007), p. 25.
12. Michael Clough, 'Free at last? US policy toward Africa and the end of the Cold War' (Council on Foreign Relations, New York, 1992), p. 4.
13. See also Peter Schraeder, United States Foreign Policy toward Africa: Incrementalism, crisis and change (Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, 1994)
14. Princeton Lyman, 'A strategic approach to terrorism' in Donald Rothchild and Edmond Keller (eds), Africa-US Relations: Strategic encounters. (Lynne Rienner, Boulder, CO, 2006), pp. 49-64.
15. Morrison and Cooke, Africa Policy in the Clinton Years
16. J. Stephen Morrison and Jennifer Cooke, 'Staffing shortfalls and ineffective assignment system compromise diplomatic readiness at hardship posts' (Report No. GAO-02-626, United States Government Accountability Office, Washington, DC, 18 June 2002).
17. Brian J. Atwood, 'Nation building and crisis prevention in the post-Cold War world', Brown Journal of World Affairs 2, 1 (1994), pp. 11-17.
18. For instance, see 'George Bush's legacy: the frat boy ships out', The Economist, 15 January 2009
19. For recent reviews, see Jennifer G. Cooke and J. Stephen Morrison (eds), Africa Policy Beyond the Bush Years: Critical challenge for the Obama administration (Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC, 2009)
20. Raymond Copson, The United States in Africa: Bush policy and beyond (Zed Books, London and New York, NY, 2007)
21. See William Bellamy, 'Making better sense of US security engagement in Africa' in Cooke and Morrison (eds), Africa Policy Beyond the Bush Years, pp. 9-33
22. Ploch, 'Africa Command'
23. Lange Schermerhorn, 'Djibouti: a special role in the War on Terrorism' in Robert Rotberg (ed.), Battling Terrorism in the Horn of Africa (Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC, 2005).
24. Jean-Christophe Servant and Harry Forster, 'Africa: external interest and internal insecurity: the new Gulf oil states', Review of African Political Economy 30, 95 (2003), pp. 139-42.
25. See David Goldwyn, 'Pursuing US energy security interests in Africa' in Cooke and Morrison (eds), Africa Policy Beyond the Bush Years, pp. 62-90.
26. See the US Overseas Loans and Grants Greenbook, at.
27. The aid data are cited in Curt Tarnoff and Marian Lawson, 'Foreign aid: an introduction to US programs and policy' (Congressional Research Service, Washington, DC, 10 February 2009)
28. David Gootnick, 'Millennium Challenge Corporation: progress and challenges with compacts in Africa' (Testimony before the Subcommittee on Africa and Global Health, Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, 28 June 2007, available from United States Government Accountability Office)
29. Mark Tran, 'Ministers and aid officials are gathering in Monterrey, Mexico, to discuss the aid and trade needs of the world's poorer countries', The Guardian, 18 March 2002
30. Lael Brainard, 'Compassionate conservatism confronts global poverty', Washington Quarterly 26, 2 (2003), pp. 149-69.
31. Holly Burkhalter, 'Trick or treat', www.foreignaffairs.org (27 October 2004).
32. Sandra T. Barnes, 'Global flows: terror, oil and strategic philanthropy', Review of African Political Economy 32, 104-105 (2005), pp. 235-52.
33. Janet Fleischman, 'Integrating reproductive health and HIV/AIDS programs: strategic opportunities for PEPFAR' (Report of the CSIS Task Force on HIV/AIDS, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC, 2006)
34. see also Sheila Herrling and Steven Radelet, 'Modernizing US foreign assistance for the twentieth-first century' in Nancy Birdsall (ed.), The White House and the World: A global development agenda for the next US President (Center for Global Development, Washington, 2008), pp. 273-98
35. Phil Nieburg and J. Stephen Morrison, 'The United States's big leap on HIV/AIDS in Africa: what's the next act?' in Cooke and Morrison, Africa Policy Beyond the Bush Years, pp. 34-61.
36. Joel Barkan, 'Advancing democratization in Africa' in Cooke and Morrison (eds), Africa Policy Beyond the Bush Years, pp. 91-110.
37. Ibid. See also Susan B. Epstein, Nina M. Serafino, and Francis T. Miko, 'Democracy promotion: cornerstone of US foreign policy?' (Congressional Research Service, Washington, DC, 26 December 2007).
38. See Thomas Carothers, 'The backlash against democracy promotion', Foreign Affairs, 85, 2 (2006), pp. 55-68.
39. See Herrling and Radelet, 'Modernizing US foreign assistance'
40. Princeton Lyman, 'US foreign assistance and trade policies in Africa' in Cooke and Morrison (eds), Africa Policy Beyond the Bush Years, pp. 111-40
41. William Bellamy, 'Making better sense of US security engagement in Africa', in Cooke and Morrison (eds), Africa Policy Beyond the Bush Years, pp. 9-33.
42. See also Copson, The United States and Africa, pp. 110-20.
43. Barnes, 'Global flows'
44. Greg Mills, Terence McNamee, Mauro de Lorenzo, and Matthew Uttley, 'AFRICOM and African security: the globalization of security or the militarization of globalization?' (Discussion Paper 4/2007, Brenthurst Foundation, South Africa, 2007)
45. This is perhaps the central argument of the review of the Bush administration in Cooke and Morrison (eds), Africa Policy Beyond the Bush Years
46. For instance, several of the contributions in Robert Rotberg (ed.), China into Africa: Trade, aid and influence (Washington, DC, Brookings Institution, 2008).
47. Lyman, 'US foreign assistance'
48. Carol Lancaster, George Bush's Foreign Aid: Transformation or chaos? (Center for Global Development, Washington, DC, 2008)
49. For instance, Robert Woodward, Plan of Attack (Simon and Schuster, New York, NY, 2004)
50. 'A foreign affairs budget for the future: fixing the crisis in diplomatic readiness' (Report, American Academy of Diplomacy, Washington, DC, 2008)
51. Office of the Inspector General, 'Report of Inspection: the Bureau of African Affairs' ('Report No. ISP-I-09-63, United States Department of State, Washington, DC, August 2009).
52. 'Barack Obama and Africa: how different is his policy?', The Economist, 16 July 2009
53. Christopher Barrett and Daniel G. Maxwell, Food Aid after Fifty Years: Recasting its role (Routledge, New York, NY, 2005).
54. Lyman, 'US foreign assistance'
55. See Carol Lancaster, George Bush's Foreign Aid
56. Herrling and Radelet, 'Modernizing US foreign assistance'
57. For a broader analysis, see also Richard Joseph and Alexandra Gillies (eds), Smart Aid for African Development (Lynne Rienner, Boulder, CO, 2009)
58. Cited in Herrling and Radelet, 'Modernizing US foreign assistance'