Cloacal exstrophy: A comprehensive review of an uncommon problem

Journal of Pediatric Urology

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 102-111

  Woo, Lynn L ^a   Thomas, John C ^a   Brock, John W ^a  

^a MONROE CARELL JR CHILDREN S HOSPITAL AT VANDERBILT   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABDOMINAL WALL DEFECT; ANUS CONTINENCE; BEHAVIOR; BLADDER EXSTROPHY; BLADDER RECONSTRUCTION; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CHROMOSOME 9Q; CHROMOSOME TRANSLOCATION; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLOACA; CLOACAL EXSTROPHY; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DEPRESSION; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; ETHNICITY; FEMALE; GENDER; GENDER IDENTITY; GENETIC DISORDER; HISPANIC; HUMAN; ILEOSTOMY; INCIDENCE; KARYOTYPE 46,XY; MALE; MEMBRANE RUPTURE; MESODERM; MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM MALFORMATION; NEWBORN CARE; NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT; OMPHALOCELE; PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY; PATIENT COUNSELING; PELVIS OSTEOTOMY; POSTNATAL CARE; POSTOPERATIVE CARE; PREGNANCY TERMINATION; PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SELF CONCEPT; SEXUAL FUNCTION; SHORT BOWEL SYNDROME; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; THEORY; TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION; URINARY TRACT MALFORMATION; URINE INCONTINENCE;

ABNORMALITIES, MULTIPLE; BLADDER EXSTROPHY; CLOACA; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; PREGNANCY; SEX DETERMINATION ANALYSIS;

EID: 77649335853     PISSN: 14775131     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2009.09.011     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. Muecke E.C. The role of the cloacal membrane in exstrophy: the first successful experimental study. J Urol 92 (1964) 659-667
2. Ambrose S.S., and O'Brien III D.P. Surgical embryology of the exstrophy-epispadias complex. Surg Clin North Am 54 6 (1974) 1379-1390
3. Carey J.C., Greenbaum B., and Hall B.D. The OEIS complex (omphalocele, exstrophy, imperforate anus, spinal defects). Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser 14 6B (1978) 253-263
4. Med L.A. Acad R Sci 4 (1709) 9
5. Rickham P.P. Vesico-intestinal fissure. Arch Dis Child 35 (1960) 97-102
6. Diamond D.A., and Jeffs R.D. Cloacal exstrophy: a 22-year experience. J Urol 133 5 (1985) 779-782
7. Howell C., et al. Optimal management of cloacal exstrophy. J Pediatr Surg 18 4 (1983) 365-369
8. Hurwitz R.S., et al. Cloacal exstrophy: a report of 34 cases. J Urol 138 4 Pt 2 (1987) 1060-1064
9. Ricketts R.R., et al. Modern treatment of cloacal exstrophy. J Pediatr Surg 26 4 (1991) 448-450 [discussion 444-8]
10. Lund D.P., and Hendren W.H. Cloacal exstrophy: a 25-year experience with 50 cases. J Pediatr Surg 36 1 (2001) 68-75
11. Mitchell M.E., and Plaire C. Management of cloacal exstrophy. Adv Exp Med Biol 511 (2002) 270-273 [discussion 267-70]
12. Tank E.S., and Lindenauer S.M. Principles of management of exstrophy of the cloaca. Am J Surg 119 1 (1970) 95-98
13. Caton A.R., et al. Epidemiology of bladder and cloacal exstrophies in New York State, 1983-1999. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 79 11 (2007) 781-787
14. Keppler-Noreuil K.M. OEIS complex (omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects): a review of 14 cases. Am J Med Genet 99 4 (2001) 271-279
15. Gearhart J.P. Exstrophy, epispadias, and other bladder anomalies. In: Walsh P.C., Retik A.B., Vaughan E.D., and Wein A.J. (Eds). Campbell's urology. 8th ed (2002), W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia 2136-2196
16. Boyadjiev S.A., et al. Clinical and molecular characterization of the bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex: analysis of 232 families. BJU Int 94 9 (2004) 1337-1343
17. Thauvin-Robinet C., et al. Cloacal exstrophy in an infant with 9q34.1-qter deletion resulting from a de novo unbalanced translocation between chromosome 9q and Yq. Am J Med Genet A 126A 3 (2004) 303-307
18. Manner J., and Kluth D. The morphogenesis of the exstrophy-epispadias complex: a new concept based on observations made in early embryonic cases of cloacal exstrophy. Anat Embryol (Berl) 210 1 (2005) 51-57
19. Keppler-Noreuil K., et al. Prenatal ascertainment of OEIS complex/cloacal exstrophy - 15 new cases and literature review. Am J Med Genet A 143A 18 (2007) 2122-2128
20. Evans J.A., and Chudley A.E. Tibial agenesis, femoral duplication, and caudal midline anomalies. Am J Med Genet 85 1 (1999) 13-19
21. Gambhir L., et al. Epidemiological survey of 214 families with bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex. J Urol 179 4 (2008) 1539-1543
22. Smith N.M., et al. The OEIS complex (omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects): recurrence in sibs. J Med Genet 29 10 (1992) 730-732
23. Koffler H., et al. Persistent cloaca with absent penis and anal atresia in one of identical twins. J Pediatr 93 5 (1978) 821-823
24. Redman J.F., Seibert J.J., and Page B.C. Cloacal exstrophy in identical twins. Urology 17 1 (1981) 73-74
25. McLaughlin J.F., Marks W.M., and Jones G. Prospective management of exstrophy of the cloaca and myelocystocele following prenatal ultrasound recognition of neural tube defects in identical twins. Am J Med Genet 19 4 (1984) 721-727
26. Chitrit Y., et al. Cloacal exstrophy in monozygotic twins detected through antenatal ultrasound scanning. J Clin Ultrasound 21 5 (1993) 339-342
27. Lee D.H., et al. OEIS complex (omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects) in monozygotic twins. Am J Med Genet 84 1 (1999) 29-33
28. Marshall V., and Muecke E. Variations in exstrophy of the bladder. J Urol 88 (1962) 766-796
29. Moore K.L. In: Moore K.L. (Ed). The developing human: clinically oriented embryology. 7th ed. (2003), W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia 256-328
30. McLaughlin K.P., et al. Cloacal exstrophy: the neurological implications. J Urol 154 2 Pt 2 (1995) 782-784
31. Langer J.C., et al. Cloacal exstrophy: prenatal diagnosis before rupture of the cloacal membrane. J Pediatr Surg 27 10 (1992) 1352-1355
32. Bruch S.W., et al. Challenging the embryogenesis of cloacal exstrophy. J Pediatr Surg 31 6 (1996) 768-770
33. Thomalla J.V., et al. Induction of cloacal exstrophy in the chick embryo using the CO2 laser. J Urol 134 5 (1985) 991-995
34. Davidoff A.M., et al. Management of the gastrointestinal tract and nutrition in patients with cloacal exstrophy. J Pediatr Surg 31 6 (1996) 771-773
35. Mathews R., et al. Cloacal exstrophy-improving the quality of life: the Johns Hopkins experience. J Urol 160 6 Pt 2 (1998) 2452-2456
36. Diamond D.A. Management of cloacal exstrophy. Dial Pediatr Urol 13 (1990) 2
37. McHoney M., et al. Cloacal exstrophy: morbidity associated with abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract and spine. J Pediatr Surg 39 8 (2004) 1209-1213
38. Gearhart J.P., and Jeffs R.D. Techniques to create urinary continence in the cloacal exstrophy patient. J Urol 146 2 (Pt 2) (1991) 616-618
39. Thomas J.C., et al. First stage approximation of the exstrophic bladder in patients with cloacal exstrophy-should this be the initial surgical approach in all patients?. J Urol 178 4 Pt 2 (2007) 1635-1636 [discussion 1632-5]
40. Schlegel P.N., and Gearhart J.P. Neuroanatomy of the pelvis in an infant with cloacal exstrophy: a detailed microdissection with histology. J Urol 141 3 (1989) 583-585
41. Loder R.T., and Dayioglu M.M. Association of congenital vertebral malformations with bladder and cloacal exstrophy. J Pediatr Orthop 10 3 (1990) 389-393
42. Greene W.B., et al. Musculoskeletal problems in association with cloacal exstrophy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 73 4 (1991) 551-560
43. Sponseller P.D., et al. The anatomy of the pelvis in the exstrophy complex. J Bone Joint Surg Am 77 2 (1995) 177-189
44. Jain M., and Weaver D.D. Severe lower limb defects in exstrophy of the cloaca. Am J Med Genet A 128A 3 (2004) 320-324
45. Meizner I., and Bar-Ziv J. Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of cloacal exstrophy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 153 7 (1985) 802-803
46. Austin P.F., et al. The prenatal diagnosis of cloacal exstrophy. J Urol 160 3 Pt 2 (1998) 1179-1181
47. Richards D.S., Langham Jr. M.R., and Mahaffey S.M. The prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of cloacal exstrophy. J Ultrasound Med 11 9 (1992) 507-510
48. Meizner I., Levy A., and Barnhard Y. Cloacal exstrophy sequence: an exceptional ultrasound diagnosis. Obstet Gynecol 86 3 (1995) 446-450
49. Hamada H., et al. New ultrasonographic criterion for the prenatal diagnosis of cloacal exstrophy: elephant trunk-like image. J Urol 162 6 (1999) 2123-2124
50. Zderic S.A., et al. The CHOP experience with cloacal exstrophy and gender reassignment. Adv Exp Med Biol 511 (2002) 144-147 [discussion 135-44]
51. Bianchi D.W.C., Crombleholme T.M., and D'Alton M.E. Fetology: diagnosis and management of the fetal patient. McGraw Hill Professional (2000)
52. Hyun S.J. Cloacal exstrophy. Neonatal Netw 25 2 (2006) 101-115
53. Lund D.P., and Hendren W.H. Cloacal exstrophy: experience with 20 cases. J Pediatr Surg 28 10 (1993) 1368-1369 [discussion 1360-8]
54. Stolar C.H., Randolph J.G., and Flanigan L.P. Cloacal exstrophy: individualized management through a staged surgical approach. J Pediatr Surg 25 5 (1990) 505-507
55. Husmann D.A., et al. Management of the hindgut in cloacal exstrophy: terminal ileostomy versus colostomy. J Pediatr Surg 23 12 (1988) 1107-1113
56. Soffer S.Z., et al. Cloacal exstrophy: a unified management plan. J Pediatr Surg 35 6 (2000) 932-937
57. Levitt M.A., et al. Cloacal exstrophy-pull-through or permanent stoma? A review of 53 patients. J Pediatr Surg 43 1 (2008) 168-170 [discussion 164-8]
58. Lee R.S., et al. Can a complete primary repair approach be applied to cloacal exstrophy?. J Urol 176 6 Pt 1 (2006) 2643-2648
59. Sponseller P.D., et al. Anterior innominate osteotomy in repair of bladder exstrophy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 83 2 (2001) 184-193
60. Ben-Chaim J., et al. Applications of osteotomy in the cloacal exstrophy patient. J Urol 154 2 Pt 2 (1995) 865-867
61. Silver R.I., Sponseller P.D., and Gearhart J.P. Staged closure of the pelvis in cloacal exstrophy: first description of a new approach. J Urol 161 1 (1999) 263-266
62. Husmann D.A., McLorie G.A., and Churchill B.M. Closure of the exstrophic bladder: an evaluation of the factors leading to its success and its importance on urinary continence. J Urol 142 2 Pt 2 (1989) 542-543 [discussion 522-4]
63. Gearhart J.P. Complete repair of bladder exstrophy in the newborn: complications and management. J Urol 165 6 Pt 2 (2001) 2431-2433
64. Lowe F.C., and Jeffs R.D. Wound dehiscence in bladder exstrophy: an examination of the etiologies and factors for initial failure and subsequent success. J Urol 130 2 (1983) 312-315
65. Grady R.W., and Mitchell M.E. Complete primary repair of exstrophy. J Urol 162 4 (1999) 1415-1420
66. Mitchell M.E., Brito C.G., and Rink R.C. Cloacal exstrophy reconstruction for urinary continence. J Urol 144 2 Pt 2 (1990) 562-563 [discussion 554-8]
67. Husmann D.A., et al. Urinary continence after staged bladder reconstruction for cloacal exstrophy: the effect of coexisting neurological abnormalities on urinary continence. J Urol 161 5 (1999) 1598-1602
68. Money J. Ablatio penis: normal male infant sex-reassigned as a girl. Arch Sex Behav 4 1 (1975) 65-71
69. Husmann D.A., McLorie G.A., and Churchill B.M. Phallic reconstruction in cloacal exstrophy. J Urol 142 2 Pt 2 (1989) 563-564 discussion 572
70. Reiner W.G., and Gearhart J.P. Discordant sexual identity in some genetic males with cloacal exstrophy assigned to female sex at birth. N Engl J Med 350 4 (2004) 333-341
71. Reiner W.G. Psychosexual development in genetic males assigned female: the cloacal exstrophy experience. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 13 3 (2004) 657-674
72. Diamond D.A., et al. Sex assignment for newborns with ambiguous genitalia and exposure to fetal testosterone: attitudes and practices of pediatric urologists. J Pediatr 148 4 (2006) 445-449
73. Mathews R.I., Gan M., and Gearhart J.P. Urogynaecological and obstetric issues in women with the exstrophy-epispadias complex. BJU Int 91 9 (2003) 845-849
74. Catti M., et al. Quality of life for adult women born with bladder and cloacal exstrophy: a long-term follow up. J Pediatr Urol 2 1 (2006) 16-22
75. Montagnino B., et al. Long-term adjustment issues in patients with exstrophy. J Urol 160 4 (1998) 1471-1474
76. Towell B. D.M., Towell, A.D., A preliminary investigation into quality of life, psychological distress and social competence in children with cloacal exstrophy. J Urol 169 5 (2003) 1850-1853
77. Reiner W.G. Psychosocial concerns in bladder and cloacal exstrophy patients. Dial Pediatr Urol 22 (1999) 8
78. Mukherjee B., et al. Psychopathology, psychosocial, gender and cognitive outcomes in patients with cloacal exstrophy. J Urol 178 2 (2007) 634-635 [discussion 630-5]