Decreasing sperm quality: A global problem?

BMC Public Health

Volumn 10, Issue , 2010, Pages

  Merzenich, Hiltrud ^a   Zeeb, Hajo ^a   Blettner, Maria ^a  

^a JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HUMAN; MALE; META ANALYSIS; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SPERM; SPERMATOZOON COUNT; SPERMATOZOON MOTILITY; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL; HUMANS; MALE; SEMEN; SPERM COUNT; SPERM MOTILITY;

EID: 77649311304     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712458     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-24     Document Type: Review

References (36)

1. Evidence for deacreasing quality of semen during past 50 years. E Carlsen, A Giwercman, N Keiding, NE Skakkebaek, BMJ 1992 305 6854 609 613 10.1136/bmj.305.6854.609 1393072
2. Have sperm densities declined? A reanalysis of global trend data. SH Swan, EP Elkin, L Fenster, Environ Health Perspect 1997 105 11 1228 1232 10.2307/3433902 9370524 (Pubitemid 28034973)
3. The question of declining sperm density revisited: an analysis of 101 studies published 1934-1996. SH Swan, EP Elkin, L Fenster, Environ Health Perspect 2000 108 10 961 966 10.2307/3435055 11049816
4. Reproductive history and semen analysis in prevasectomy fertile men with and without varicocele. MP de Castro, DA Mastrorocco, J Androl 1984 5 1 17 20 6706846
5. The value of subcellular elemental analysis in the assessment of human spermatozoa. E Cottell, F Harrison, Hum Reprod 1995 10 12 3189 3189
6. Demonstration of proacrosin and quantitation of acrosin in ejaculated human spermatozoa. KL Polakoski, WL Zahler, JD Paulson, Fertil Steril 1977 28 6 668 670 862979 (Pubitemid 8131375)
7. Circannual rhythm in human sperm count revealed by serially independent sampling. WS Tjoa, MH Smolensky, BP Hsi, E Steinberger, KD Smith, Fertil Steril 1982 38 4 454 459 7117573 (Pubitemid 12034442)
8. Geographic variations in sperm counts: a potential cause of bias in studies of semen quality. H Fisch, ET Goluboff, Fertil Steril 1996 65 5 1044 1046 8612832 (Pubitemid 26126842)
9. The debate continues-the continuing debate over possible decline in semen quality. LI Lipshultz, Fertil Steril 1996 65 1044 1046 8612832
10. Decline in semen quality among fertile men in Paris during the past 20 years. J Auger, JM Kunstmann, F Czyglik, P Jouannet, New Engl J Med 1995 332 5 281 285 10.1056/NEJM199502023320501 7816062
11. Evidence of deteroirating semen quality in the United Kingdom: a birth cohort study in 577 men in Scotland over 11 years. S Irvine, E Cawood, D Richardson, E MacDonald, J Aitken, BMJ 1996 312 7029 467 471 8597676 (Pubitemid 26061234)
12. Time series analysis of sperm concentration in fertile men in Toulouse, France between 1977 and 1992. L Bujan, A Mansat, F pontonnier, Mieusset, BMJ 1996 312 7029 471 472 8597677 (Pubitemid 26061235)
13. Semen quality of Finnish men. J Suominen, M Vierule, BMJ 1993 306 6892 1579 10.1136/bmj.306.6892.1579 8329920 (Pubitemid 23164902)
14. Semen analyses in 1,283 men from the United states over a 25-year period: no decline in quality. H Fisch, ET Goluboff, JH Olson, J Feldshuh, SJ Broder, DH Barad, Fertil Steril 1996 65 5 1009 1014 8612826 (Pubitemid 26126836)
15. Decreasing quality of semen. A Brake, W Krause, BMJ 1992 305 6875 461
16. Decreasing sperm counts? A critical (re)view. A Lerchl, E Nieschlag, Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1996 104 301 307 10.1055/s-0029-1211458 8886746 (Pubitemid 26306121)
17. Laboratory Manual for the Examination of Human Semen and Semen-Cervical Mucus Interaction. WHO, Cambridge University Press 3 1992
18. Sperm output of healthy men in Australia: magnitude of bias due to self-selected volunteers. DJ Handelsman, Hum Reprod 1997 12 12 2701 2705 10.1093/humrep/12.12.2701 9455838 (Pubitemid 28031733)
19. Evidence for regional differences of semen quality among fertile French men. CECOS (Centre d'Etude et de Conservation des Œufs et du Sperme Humaine), J Auger, P Jouannet, Hum Reprod 1997 12 4 740 745 10.1093/humrep/12.4. 740 9159435 (Pubitemid 27223040)
20. Effects of multiple ejaculations after extended period of sexual abstinence on total, motile and normal sperm numbers, as well as accessory gland secretions, from healthy normal and oligospermic man. TG Cooper, C Keck, U Oberdieck, E Nieschlag, Hum Reprod 1993 8 1251 1258 8408523 (Pubitemid 23249531)
21. The improved ten-micrometer chamber for rapid sperm count and motility evaluation. A Makler, Fertil Steril 1980 33 337 338 6892698 (Pubitemid 10153751)
22. Laboratory Manual for the Examination of Human Semen and Semen-Cervical Mucus Interaction. WHO, Cambridge University Press 4 1999
23. External quality control in the andrology laboratory. An experimental multicenter trial. J Neuwinger, HM Behre, E Nieschlag, Fertil Steril 1990 54 308 314 2379629 (Pubitemid 20256242)
24. Have sperm counts been reduced 50 percent in 50 years? A statistical model revisited. Fertility and Sterility. GW Olsen, KM Bodner, JM Ramlow, CE Ross, LI Lipshultz, Fertil Steril 1995 63 4 887 893 7890079
25. Decline in sperm counts: an artefact of changed reference range of normal? P Bromwich, J Cohen, I Steward, A Walker, BMJ 1994 309 6946 19 22 8044061
26. Commentary: Importance of empirical evidence. N Keiding, A Giwercman, E Carlsen, NE Skakkebæk, BMJ 1994 309 22
27. Identifying environmental risk to male reproductive function by occupational sperm studies: logistics and design options. JP Bonde, A Giwercman, E Ernst, Occup Environ Med 1996 53 511 519 10.1136/oem.53.8.511 8983461 (Pubitemid 26291788)
28. Diagnostic value of sperm function tests and routine semen analyses infertile and infertile men. C Wang, YW Chan, NG Matthew, WKSO William, WL Tsol, T Lo, A Leung, J Androl 1988 9 384 389 3215824 (Pubitemid 19022031)
29. Regional differences in semen quality in Europe. N Jørgensen, AG Andersen, F Eustache, DS Irvine, J Suominen, JH Petersen, AN Andersen, J Auger, EHH Cawood, A Horte, T Kold Jensen, P Jouannet, N Keiding, M Vierula, NE Toppari J Skakkebæk, Hum Reprod 2001 16 5 1012 1019 10.1093/humrep/16.5.1012 11331653
30. East-West gradient in semen quality in the Nordic-Baltic area: a study of men from the general population in Denmark, Norway, Estonia and Finland. N Jørgensen, E Carlsen, I Nermoen, M Punab, J Suominen, AG Andersen, Andersson AM, TB Haugen, A Horte, T Kold Jensen, Ø Magnus, JH Petersen, M Vierula, J Toppari, NE Skakkebæk, Hum Reprod 2002 17 8 2199 2208 10.1093/humrep/17.8.2199 12151459
31. Testicular cancer in nine northern European countries. HO Adami, R Bergstrom, M Mohner, W Zatonski, H Storm, A Ekbom, S Tretli, L Teppo, H Ziegler, M Rahu, R Gurevicius, A Stengrevics, Int J Cancer 1994 59 1 33 38 10.1002/ijc.2910590108 7927900 (Pubitemid 24310944)
32. Testicular cancer incidence in eight northern European countries: secular and recent trends. L Richiardi, R Bellocco, HO Adami, A Torrang, L Barlow, T Hakulinen, M Rahu, A Stengrevics, H Storm, S Tretli, J Kurtinaitis, JE Tycynski, O Akre, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004 13 12 2157 2166 15598775 (Pubitemid 40054312)
33. Cryptorchidism as part of the testicular dysgenesis syndrome: the environmental connection. KM Main, NE Skakkebaek, J Toppari, Endocr Dev 2009 14 167 173 full-text 19293583
34. Good semen quality and life expectancy: a cohort study of 43,277 men. TK Jensen, R Jacobsen, K Christensen, NC Nielsen, E Bostofte, Am J Epidemiol 2009 170 5 559 565 10.1093/aje/kwp168 19635736
35. Adverse trends in male reproductive health: we may have reached a crucial 'tipping point'. AM Andersson, N Jorgensen, KM Main, J Toppari, E Rajpert-De Meyts, H Leffers, A Juul, TK Jensen, NE Skakkebaek, Int J Androl 2008 31 2 74 80 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00853.x 18194282 (Pubitemid 351341375)
36. Semen quality in sub-fertile range for a significant proportion of young men from the general German population: a co-ordinated, controlled study of 791 men from Hamburg and Leipzig. U Paasch, A Salzbrunn, HJ Glander, K Plambeck, H Salzbrunn, S Grunewald, J Stucke, M Vierula, NE Skakkebaek, N Jorgensen, Int J Androl 2008 31 2 93 102 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00860.x 18315714 (Pubitemid 351341386)