Afghanistan, poppies, and the global pain crisis

Medical Science Monitor

Volumn 16, Issue 3, 2010, Pages

  Clark, Peter A ^a   Sillup, George P ^a   Capo, Joseph A ^a  

^a SAINT JOSEPH S UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Afghanistan; Global pain crisis; Opiate anesthetics; Poppy crop; Third world

Indexed keywords

CODEINE; DIAMORPHINE; MORPHINE; OPIATE; OXYCODONE;

AFGHANISTAN; AGRICULTURAL WORKER; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER SURVIVAL; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CROP; CROP PRODUCTION; DRUG INDUSTRY; DRUG MANUFACTURE; DRUG MARKETING; DRUG USE; FUNDING; GOVERNMENT; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE AVAILABILITY; HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; HEROIN DEPENDENCE; HUMAN; LICENSING; LOWEST INCOME GROUP; MEDICAL ETHICS; NEUROPATHIC PAIN; OPIATE ADDICTION; PAIN; PAIN ASSESSMENT; REVIEW; SOMATIC PAIN; TABLET FORMULATION; UNITED STATES; VISCERAL PAIN; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

AFGHANISTAN; AGRICULTURE; ETHICS, MEDICAL; HUMANS; LICENSURE; OPIUM; PAIN; PAPAVER;

EID: 77649292497     PISSN: 12341010     EISSN: 16433750     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

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29. The principle of double effect supposes that an action produces two effects. One of these effects is something good which may be legitimately intended; the other is an evil that may not be intended. For such an action to be morally acceptable it must meet four conditions: 1) the action itself is good or indifferent; 2) the good effect is not produced by means of the evil effect; 3) the evil effect is not directly intended; and 4) a proportionate reason supports causing or tolerating the evil effect. For a more detailed analysis see, Gerald Kelly, Medico-Moral Problems (St. Louis, Missouri: The Catholic Hospital Association of the United States and Canada, 1958); 12-16