Vertical heating structures associated with the MJO as characterized by TRMM estimates, ECMWF reanalyses, and forecasts: A case Sstudy during 1998/99 Winter

Journal of Climate

Volumn 22, Issue 22, 2009, Pages 6001-6020

  Jiang, Xianan ^a,b   Waliser, Duane E ^a,b   Olson, William S ^c   Tao, Wei Kuo ^d   L'ecuyer, Tristan S ^e   Li, Jui Lin ^b   Tian, Baijun ^a,b   Yung, Yuk L ^f   Tompkins, Adrian M ^g   Lang, Stephen E ^h   Grecu, Mircea ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE COUNTY   (United States)

^d NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^e Engineering Research Center and Hydraulics Laboratory   (United States)

^f CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^g EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MEDIUM RANGE WEATHER FORECASTS   (United Kingdom)

^h SCIENCE SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS INC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE MODEL; DATA SETS; DIABATIC HEATING; EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MEDIUM-RANGE WEATHER FORECASTS; FUNDAMENTAL MODES; GLOBAL CIRCULATION MODEL; GLOBAL CLIMATES; INDIAN OCEAN; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; RADIATIVE HEATING; RAIN RATES; TROPICAL ATMOSPHERES; TROPICAL RAINFALL MEASURING MISSIONS; VERTICAL STRUCTURES; WEATHER SYSTEMS; WESTERN PACIFIC; WINTER SEASONS;

CLIMATE MODELS; HEATING; OCEAN CURRENTS; RAIN; RAIN GAGES;

WEATHER FORECASTING;

ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS; DIABATIC PROCESS; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; HEATING; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; REMOTE SENSING; SATELLITE IMAGERY; TROPICAL METEOROLOGY; WEATHER FORECASTING; WINTER;

INDIAN OCEAN; INDIAN OCEAN (EAST); PACIFIC OCEAN; PACIFIC OCEAN (WEST);

EID: 77649280417     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2009JCLI3048.1     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Awaka, J., T. Iguchi, H. Kumagai, and K. Okamoto, 1997: Rain type classification algorithm for TRMM precipitation radar. Proc. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1997/IGARSS '97: Remote Sensing-A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development, Singapore, IEEE, 1633-1635.
2. Bechtold, P., M. Köhler, T. Jung, F. Doblas-Reyes, M. Leutbecher, M. J. Rodwell, F. Vitart, and G. Balsamo, 2008: Advances in simulating atmospheric variability with the ECMWF model: From synoptic to decadal time-scales. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 134, 1337-1351.
3. Benedict, J. J., and D. A. Randall, 2007: Observed characteristics of the MJO relative to maximum rainfall. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 2332-2354.
4. Bosilovich, M. G., and Coauthors, 2006: NASA's modern era retrospective-analysis for research and applications. U.S. CLIVAR Variations, No. 4, U.S. CLIVAR Project Office, Washington, DC, 5-8.
5. Chan, S. C., and S. Nigam, 2009: Residual diagnosis of diabatic heating from ERA-40 and NCEP reanalyses: Intercomparisons with TRMM. J. Climate, 22, 414-428.
6. Chang, C.-P., and H. Lim, 1988: Kelvin wave-CISK: A possible mechanism for the 30-50-day oscillations. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1709-1720.
7. Chen, Y. H., and A. D. Del Genio, 2009: Evaluation of tropical cloud regimes in observations and a general circulation model. Climate Dyn., 32, 355-369.
8. Cho, H. R., and D. Pendlebury, 1997: Wave CISK of equatorial waves and the vertical distribution of cumulus heating. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2429-2440.
9. CLIVAR Madden-Julian Oscillation Working Group, 2009: MJO simulation diagnostics. J. Climate, 22, 3006-3030.
10. Emanuel, K. A., 1987: An air-sea interaction model of intraseasonal oscillations in the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2324- 2340.
11. Fu, X., and B. Wang, 2009: Critical roles of the stratiform rainfall in sustaining the Madden-Julian oscillation: GCM experiments. J. Climate, 22, 3939-3959.
12. Grecu, M., and W. S. Olson, 2006: Bayesian estimation of precipitation from satellite passive microwave observations using combined radar-radiometer retrievals. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 45, 416-433.
13. Grecu, M., C. L. Shie, T. S. L'Ecuyer, and W.-K. Tao, 2009: Combining satellite microwave radiometer and radar observations to estimate atmospheric heating profiles. J. Climate, in press.
14. Hendon, H. H., and B. Liebmann, 1990: The intraseasonal (30-50 day) oscillation of the Australian summer monsoon. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2909-2924.
15. Hendon, H. H., and M. L. Salby, 1994: The life cycle of the Madden-Julian oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2225-2237.
16. Higgins, R. W., and W. Shi, 2001: Intercomparison of the principal modes of interannual and intraseasonal variability of the North American monsoon system. J. Climate, 14, 403-417.
17. Houze, R. A., 1982: Cloud clusters and large-scale vertical motions in the tropics. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 60, 396-410.
18. Huffman, G. J., and Coauthors, 2007: The TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA): Quasi-global, multiyear, combined-sensor precipitation estimates at fine scales. J. Hydrometeor., 8, 38-55.
19. Janiskova, M., J. F. Mahfouf, J. J. Morcrette, and F. Chevallier, 2002: Linearized radiation and cloud schemes in the ECMWF model: Development and evaluation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, 1505-1527.
20. Jiang, X., D. E. Waliser, M. C. Wheeler, C. Jones, M. N. Lee, and S. D. Schuert, 2008: Assessing the skill of an all-season statistical forecast model for the Madden-Julian oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 1940-1956.
21. Johnson, R. H., T. M. Rickenbach, S. A. Rutledge, P. E. Ciesielski, and W. H. Schubert, 1999: Trimodal characteristics of tropical convection. J. Climate, 12, 2397-2418.
22. Kemball-Cook, S. R., and B. C. Weare, 2001: The onset of convection in the Madden-Julian oscillation. J. Climate, 14, 780-793.
23. Kessler, W. S., and R. Kleeman, 2000: Rectification of the Madden-Julian oscillation into the ENSO cycle. J. Climate, 13, 3560-3575.
24. Kikuchi, K., and Y. N. Takayabu, 2004: The development of organized convection associated with the MJO during TOGA COARE IOP: Trimodal characteristics. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L10101, doi:10.1029/2004GL019601.
25. Kiladis, G. N., K. H. Straub, and P. T. Haertel, 2005: Zonal and vertical structure of the Madden-Julian oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 2790-2809.
26. Kim, D., and Coauthors, 2009: Application of MJO simulation diagnostics to climate models. J. Climate, in press.
27. Kuang, Z., 2008: A moisture-stratiform instability for convectively coupled waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 834-854.
28. Lau, K.-M., and P. H. Chan, 1986: Aspects of the 40-50-day oscillation during the northern summer as inferred from outgoing longwave radiation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 1354-1367.
29. Lau, K.-M., and L. Peng, 1987: Origin of low-frequency (intraseasonal) oscillations in the tropical atmosphere. Part I: Basic theory. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 950-972.
30. Lau, W. K.-M., and D. E. Waliser, 2005: Intraseasonal Variability in the Atmosphere-Ocean Climate System. Springer, 474 pp.
31. L'Ecuyer, T. S., and G. L. Stephens, 2003: The tropical oceanic energy budget from the TRMM perspective. Part I: Algorithm and uncertainties. J. Climate, 16, 1967-1985.
32. L'Ecuyer, T. S., and G. L. Stephens, 2007: The tropical atmospheric energy budget from the TRMM perspective. Part II: Evaluating GCM representations of the sensitivity of regional energy and water cycles to the 1998-99 ENSO cycle. J. Climate, 20, 4548-4571.
33. L'Ecuyer, T. S., and G. McGarragh, 2009: A 10-year climatology of tropical radiative heating and its vertical structure from TRMM observations. J. Climate, in press.
34. Li, J. L., J. H. Jiang, D. E. Waliser, and A. M. Tompkins, 2007: Assessing consistency between EOS MLS and ECMWF analyzed and forecast estimates of cloud ice. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L08701, doi:10.1029/2006GL029022.
35. Liebmann, B., and D. L. Hartmann, 1984: An observational study of tropical-midlatitude interaction on intraseasonal time scales during winter. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 3333-3350.
36. Lin, J.-L., B. Mapes, M. Zhang, and M. Newman, 2004: Stratiform precipitation, vertical heating profiles, and the Madden-Julian oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 296-309.
37. Lin, J.-L., and Coauthors, 2006: Tropical intraseasonal variability in 14 IPCC AR4 climate models. Part I: Convective signals. J. Climate, 19, 2665-2690.
38. Lin, X., and R. H. Johnson, 1996: Heating, moistening, and rainfall over the western Pacific warm pool during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3367-3383.
39. Madden, R. A., and P. R. Julian, 1994: Observations of the 40-50-day tropical oscillation-A review. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 814-837.
40. Mahfouf, J. F., 1999: Influence of physical processes on the tangentlinear approximation. Tellus, 51A, 147-166.
41. Majda, A. J., and S. N. Stechmann, 2009: The skeleton of tropical intraseasonal oscillations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 8417-8422.
42. Maloney, E. D., and D. L. Hartmann, 2000: Modulation of eastern North Pacific hurricanes by the Madden-Julian oscillation. J. Climate, 13, 1451-1460.
43. Mapes, B. E., 2000: Convective inhibition, subgrid-scale triggering energy, and stratiform instability in a toy tropical wave model. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1515-1535.
44. McPhaden, M. J., 1999: Genesis and evolution of the 1997-98 El Niño. Science, 283, 950-954.
45. Mo, K. C., 2000: Intraseasonal modulation of summer precipitation over North America. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 1490-1505.
46. Moore, A. M., and R. Kleeman, 1999: Stochastic forcing of ENSO by the intraseasonal oscillation. J. Climate, 12, 1199-1220.
47. Morita, J., Y. N. Takayabu, S. Shige, and Y. Kodama, 2006: Analysis of rainfall characteristics of the Madden-Julian oscillation using TRMM satellite data. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 42, 107-126.
48. Neelin, J. D., I. M. Held, and K. H. Cook, 1987: Evaporation-wind feedback and low-frequency variability in the tropical atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2341-2348.
49. Olson, W. S., C. D. Kummerow, Y. Hong, and W.-K. Tao, 1999: Atmospheric latent heating distributions in the tropics derived from satellite passive microwave radiometer measurements. J. Appl. Meteor., 38, 633-664.
50. Peixoto, J. P., and A. H. Oort, 1992: Physics of Climate. Springer, 564 pp.
51. Rabier, F., J. N. Thepaut, and P. Courtier, 1998: Extended assimilation and forecast experiments with a four-dimensional variational assimilation system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 124, 1861-1887.
52. Schumacher, C., M. H. Zhang, and P. E. Ciesielski, 2007: Heating structures of the TRMM field campaigns. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 2593-2610.
53. Shige, S., Y. N. Takayabu, W.-K. Tao, and D. E. Johnson, 2004: Spectral retrieval of latent heating profiles from TRMM PR data. Part I: Development of a model-based algorithm. J. Appl. Meteor., 43, 1095-1113.
54. Simmons, A., S. Uppala, D. Dee, and S. Kobayashi, 2006: ERAInterim: New ECMWF reanalysis products from 1989 onwards. ECMWF Newsletter, No. 110, ECMWF, Reading, United Kingdom, 25-35.
55. Slingo, J. M., 1987: The development and verification of a cloud prediction scheme for the ECMWF model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 113, 899-927.
56. Slingo, J. M., and Coauthors, 1996: Intraseasonal oscillations in 15 atmospheric general circulation models: Results from an AMIP diagnostic subproject. Climate Dyn., 12, 325-357.
57. Slingo, J. M., P. M. Inness, and K. R. Sperber, 2005: Modeling. Intra- seasonal Variability in the Atmosphere-Ocean Climate System, W. K. M. Lau and D. E. Waliser, Eds., Springer, 361-388.
58. Sperber, K. R., 2003: Propagation and the vertical structure of the Madden-Julian oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 3018-3037.
59. Sperber, K. R., and D. E. Waliser, 2008: New approaches to understanding, simulating, and forecasting the Madden-Julian oscillation. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 89, 1917-1920.
60. Sui, C.-H., and K.-M. Lau, 1989: Origin of low-frequency (intraseasonal) oscillations in the tropical atmosphere. Part II: Structure and propagation of mobile wave-CISK modes and their modification by lower boundary forcings. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 37-56.
61. Takahashi, M., 1987: A theory of the slow phase speed of the intraseasonal oscillation using the wave-CISK. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 65, 43-49.
62. Tao, W.-K., S. Lang, J. Simpson, and R. Adler, 1993a: Retrieval algorithms for estimating the vertical profiles of latent-heat release-Their applications for TRMM. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 71, 685-700.
63. Tao, W.-K., J. Simpson, C. H. Sui, B. Ferrier, S. Lang, J. Scala, M. D. Chou, and K. Pickering, 1993b: Heating, moisture, and water budgets of tropical and midlatitude squall lines: Comparisons and sensitivity to longwave radiation. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 673-690.
64. Tao, W.-K., S. Lang, J. Simpson, W. S. Olson, D. Johnson, B. Ferrier, C. Kummerow, and R. Adler, 2000: Vertical profiles of latent heat release and their retrieval for TOGA COARE convective systems using a cloud resolving model, SSM/I, and ship-borne radar data. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 78, 333-355.
65. Tao, W.-K., and Coauthors, 2001: Retrieved vertical profiles of latent heat release using TRMM rainfall products for February 1988. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 957-982.
66. Tao, W.-K., and Coauthors, 2006: Retrieval of latent heating from TRMM measurements. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 87, 1555- 1572.
67. Tian, B., and V. Ramanathan, 2002: Role of tropical clouds in surface and atmospheric energy budget. J. Climate, 15, 296-305.
68. Tian, B., G. J. Zhang, and V. Ramanathan, 2001: Heat balance in the Pacific warm pool atmosphere during TOGA COARE and CEPEX. J. Climate, 14, 1881-1893.
69. Tian, B., D. E. Waliser, E. J. Fetzer, B. H. Lambrigtsen, Y. L. Yung, and B. Wang, 2006: Vertical moist thermodynamic structure and spatial-temporal evolution of the MJO in AIRS observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 2462-2485.
70. Tian, B., Y. L. Yung, D. E. Waliser, T. Tyranowski, L. Kuai, E. J. Fetzer, and F. W. Irion, 2007: Intraseasonal variations of the tropical total ozone and their connection to the Madden-Julian Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L08704, doi:10.1029/2007GL029451.
71. Tian, B., and Coauthors, 2008: Does the Madden-Julian oscillation influence aerosol variability? J. Geophys. Res., 113, D12215, doi:10.1029/2007JD009372.
72. Tiedtke, M., 1993: Representation of clouds in large-scale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 3040-3061.
73. Tokioka, T., K. Yamazaki, A. Kitoh, and T. Ose, 1988: The equatorial 30-60 day oscillation and the Arakawa-Schubert penetrative cumulus parameterization. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 66, 883-901.
74. Uppala, S. M., and Coauthors, 2005: The ERA-40 re-analysis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2961-3012.
75. Waliser, D. E., and M. Moncrieff, 2008: The Year of Tropical Convection (YOTC) Science Plan: A joint WCRP-WWRP/THORPEX International Initiative. WMO/TD 1452, WCRP 130, WWRP/THORPEX 9, WMO, Geneva, Switzerland, 26 pp.
76. Waliser, D. E., R. Murtugudde, P. Strutton, and J. L. Li, 2005: Subseasonal organization of ocean chlorophyll: Prospects for prediction based on the Madden-Julian Oscillation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L23602, doi:10.1029/2005GL024300.
77. Waliser, D. E., and Coauthors, 2006: The Experimental MJO Prediction Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 87, 425-431.
78. Wang, B., 2005: Theories. Intraseasonal Variability in the AtmosphereOcean Climate System, W. K. M. Lau and D. E. Waliser, Eds., Springer, 389-424.
79. Wang, B., and H. Rui, 1990: Dynamics of the coupled moist Kelvin-Rossby wave on an equatorial β-plane. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 397-413.
80. Weickmann, K. M., 1983: Intraseasonal circulation and outgoing longwave radiation modes during Northern Hemisphere winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 1838-1858.
81. Yanai, M., S. Esbensen, and J.-H. Chu, 1973: Determination of bulk properties of tropical cloud clusters from large-scale heat and moisture budgets. J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 611-627.
82. Zhang, C., 2005: Madden-Julian Oscillation. Rev. Geophys., 43, RG2003, doi:10.1029/2004RG000158.
83. Zhang, C., M. Dong, S. Gualdi, H. H. Hendon, E. D. Maloney, A. Marshall, K. R. Sperber, and W. Wang, 2006: Simulations of the Madden-Julian oscillation in four pairs of coupled and uncoupled global models. Climate Dyn., 27, 573-592.