메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 31, Issue 14, 2010, Pages 3745-3754

Synthesis, characterization and biodegradation of functionalized amino acid-based poly(ester amide)s

Author keywords

Amino acid; Biodegradation; Double bond; Poly(ester amide)s

Indexed keywords

BIOACTIVE AGENTS; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; CARBON-CARBON DOUBLE BONDS; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; DICARBOXYLIC ACID; DOUBLE BONDS; ENZYME SOLUTIONS; FEED RATIOS; FTIR AND NMR SPECTRA; FUNCTIONAL DERIVATIVES; FUNCTIONALIZED; IN-VITRO; L-PHENYLALANINE; METHYLENE CHAINS; PBS BUFFER SOLUTIONS; POLYESTERAMIDES; POLYMER GLASS; THERMAL PROPERTIES; WEIGHT LOSS;

EID: 77649272329     PISSN: 01429612     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.01.027     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (92)

References (48)
  • 2
    • 0345376040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent developments in ring opening polymerization of lactones for biomedical applications
    • Albertsson A.-C., and Varma I.K. Recent developments in ring opening polymerization of lactones for biomedical applications. Biomacromolecules 4 6 (2003) 1466-1486
    • (2003) Biomacromolecules , vol.4 , Issue.6 , pp. 1466-1486
    • Albertsson, A.-C.1    Varma, I.K.2
  • 3
    • 0030125278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodegradable polymeric materials
    • Chiellini E., and Solaro R. Biodegradable polymeric materials. Adv Mater 8 4 (1996) 305-313
    • (1996) Adv Mater , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 305-313
    • Chiellini, E.1    Solaro, R.2
  • 5
    • 0033327296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide initiated by (2-methacryloxy)ethyloxy-aluminum trialkoxides. 1. Kinetics
    • Eguiburu J.L., Fernandez-Berridi M.J., Cossio F.P., and San Roman J. Ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide initiated by (2-methacryloxy)ethyloxy-aluminum trialkoxides. 1. Kinetics. Macromolecules 32 25 (1999) 8252-8258
    • (1999) Macromolecules , vol.32 , Issue.25 , pp. 8252-8258
    • Eguiburu, J.L.1    Fernandez-Berridi, M.J.2    Cossio, F.P.3    San Roman, J.4
  • 6
    • 0028209920 scopus 로고
    • Design and fabrication of biodegradable polymer devices to engineer tubular tissues
    • Mooney D.J., Organ G., Vacanti J.P., and Langer R. Design and fabrication of biodegradable polymer devices to engineer tubular tissues. Cell Transplant 3 2 (1994) 203-210
    • (1994) Cell Transplant , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 203-210
    • Mooney, D.J.1    Organ, G.2    Vacanti, J.P.3    Langer, R.4
  • 7
    • 0037165758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic comparison of cyclic ester polymerizations by novel iron(III)-alkoxide complexes: single vs multiple site catalysis
    • O'Keefe B.J., Breyfogle L.E., Hillmyer M.A., and Tolman W.B. Mechanistic comparison of cyclic ester polymerizations by novel iron(III)-alkoxide complexes: single vs multiple site catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 124 16 (2002) 4384-4393
    • (2002) J Am Chem Soc , vol.124 , Issue.16 , pp. 4384-4393
    • O'Keefe, B.J.1    Breyfogle, L.E.2    Hillmyer, M.A.3    Tolman, W.B.4
  • 8
    • 0034741559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymerization of lactide and related cyclic esters by discrete metal complexes
    • O'Keefe B.J., Hillmyer M.A., and Tolman W.B. Polymerization of lactide and related cyclic esters by discrete metal complexes. J Chem Soc Dalton Trans 15 (2001) 2215-2224
    • (2001) J Chem Soc Dalton Trans , vol.15 , pp. 2215-2224
    • O'Keefe, B.J.1    Hillmyer, M.A.2    Tolman, W.B.3
  • 9
    • 0034620465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bulky titanium bis(phenolate) complexes as novel initiators for living anionic polymerization of ε{lunate}-caprolactone
    • Takeuchi D., Nakamura T., and Aida T. Bulky titanium bis(phenolate) complexes as novel initiators for living anionic polymerization of ε{lunate}-caprolactone. Macromolecules 33 3 (2000) 725-729
    • (2000) Macromolecules , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 725-729
    • Takeuchi, D.1    Nakamura, T.2    Aida, T.3
  • 10
    • 0035811314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel and versatile calcium-based initiator system for the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters
    • Zhong Z., Dijkstra P.J., Birg C., Westerhausen M., and Feijen J. A novel and versatile calcium-based initiator system for the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters. Macromolecules 34 12 (2001) 3863-3868
    • (2001) Macromolecules , vol.34 , Issue.12 , pp. 3863-3868
    • Zhong, Z.1    Dijkstra, P.J.2    Birg, C.3    Westerhausen, M.4    Feijen, J.5
  • 11
    • 35948986208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodegradable synthetic polymers for tissue engineering
    • Gunatillake P.A., and Adhikari R. Biodegradable synthetic polymers for tissue engineering. Eur Cell Mater 5 (2003) 1-16
    • (2003) Eur Cell Mater , vol.5 , pp. 1-16
    • Gunatillake, P.A.1    Adhikari, R.2
  • 12
    • 1642588233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nylon-6 nanocomposites from alkylammonium-modified clay: the role of alkyl tails on exfoliation
    • Fornes T.D., Hunter D.L., and Paul D.R. Nylon-6 nanocomposites from alkylammonium-modified clay: the role of alkyl tails on exfoliation. Macromolecules 37 5 (2004) 1793-1798
    • (2004) Macromolecules , vol.37 , Issue.5 , pp. 1793-1798
    • Fornes, T.D.1    Hunter, D.L.2    Paul, D.R.3
  • 13
    • 0037299802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphology, thermal and mechanical behavior of polyamide 6/layered-silicate nanocomposites
    • Liu T.X., Liu Z.H., Ma K.X., Shen L., Zeng K.Y., and He C.B. Morphology, thermal and mechanical behavior of polyamide 6/layered-silicate nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 63 3-4 (2003) 331-337
    • (2003) Compos Sci Technol , vol.63 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 331-337
    • Liu, T.X.1    Liu, Z.H.2    Ma, K.X.3    Shen, L.4    Zeng, K.Y.5    He, C.B.6
  • 14
    • 0033078833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amino acid-based bioanalogous polymers. synthesis, and study of regular poly(ester amide)s based on bis(alpha-amino acid) alpha, w-alkylene diesters, and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids
    • Katsarava R., Beridze V., Arabuli N., Kharadze D., Chu C.C., and Won C.Y. Amino acid-based bioanalogous polymers. synthesis, and study of regular poly(ester amide)s based on bis(alpha-amino acid) alpha, w-alkylene diesters, and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 37 4 (1999) 391-407
    • (1999) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem , vol.37 , Issue.4 , pp. 391-407
    • Katsarava, R.1    Beridze, V.2    Arabuli, N.3    Kharadze, D.4    Chu, C.C.5    Won, C.Y.6
  • 15
    • 70349123445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concept and synthesis of poly(ester amide)s with one isolated, two or three consecutive amide bonds randomly distributed along the polyester backbone
    • Garg P., Keul H., Klee D., and Moeller M. Concept and synthesis of poly(ester amide)s with one isolated, two or three consecutive amide bonds randomly distributed along the polyester backbone. Des Monomers Polym 12 5 (2009) 405-424
    • (2009) Des Monomers Polym , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 405-424
    • Garg, P.1    Keul, H.2    Klee, D.3    Moeller, M.4
  • 16
    • 70350504343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal properties of poly(ester amide)s with isolated, two adjacent and three adjacent amide groups within a polyester chain
    • Garg P., Keul H., Klee D., and Moeller M. Thermal properties of poly(ester amide)s with isolated, two adjacent and three adjacent amide groups within a polyester chain. Macromol Chem Phys 210 20 (2009) 1754-1765
    • (2009) Macromol Chem Phys , vol.210 , Issue.20 , pp. 1754-1765
    • Garg, P.1    Keul, H.2    Klee, D.3    Moeller, M.4
  • 17
    • 34547941790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A degradable hyperbranched poly(ester amine) based on poloxamer diacrylate and polyethylenimine as a gene carrier
    • Kim T.H., Cook S.E., Arote R.B., Cho M.-H., Nah J.W., Choi Y.J., et al. A degradable hyperbranched poly(ester amine) based on poloxamer diacrylate and polyethylenimine as a gene carrier. Macromol Biosci 7 5 (2007) 611-619
    • (2007) Macromol Biosci , vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp. 611-619
    • Kim, T.H.1    Cook, S.E.2    Arote, R.B.3    Cho, M.-H.4    Nah, J.W.5    Choi, Y.J.6
  • 18
  • 19
    • 58149372230 scopus 로고
    • Degradable implant materials: a review of synthetic absorbable polymers and their applications
    • Barrows T.H. Degradable implant materials: a review of synthetic absorbable polymers and their applications. Clin Mater 1 (1986) 233-257
    • (1986) Clin Mater , vol.1 , pp. 233-257
    • Barrows, T.H.1
  • 20
    • 0037090971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and properties of novel biodegradable polyamides containing α-amino acids
    • Okamura A., Hirai T., Tanihara M., and Yamaoka T. Synthesis and properties of novel biodegradable polyamides containing α-amino acids. Polymer 43 12 (2002) 3549-3554
    • (2002) Polymer , vol.43 , Issue.12 , pp. 3549-3554
    • Okamura, A.1    Hirai, T.2    Tanihara, M.3    Yamaoka, T.4
  • 21
    • 0036468723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and biodegradation of poly(ester amide)s containing amino acid residues: the effect of the stereoisomeric composition of l- and d-phenylalanines on the enzymatic degradation of the polymers
    • Fan Y., Kobayashi M., and Kise H. Synthesis and biodegradation of poly(ester amide)s containing amino acid residues: the effect of the stereoisomeric composition of l- and d-phenylalanines on the enzymatic degradation of the polymers. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 40 3 (2001) 385-392
    • (2001) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 385-392
    • Fan, Y.1    Kobayashi, M.2    Kise, H.3
  • 22
    • 0000052578 scopus 로고
    • Heterochain polymers based on natural amino acids. Synthesis and enzymic hydrolysis of regular poly(ester amide)s based on bis(l-phenylalanine) α,ω-alkylene diesters and adipic acid
    • Arabuli N., Tsitlanadze G., Edilashvili L., Kharadze D., Goguadze T., Beridze V., et al. Heterochain polymers based on natural amino acids. Synthesis and enzymic hydrolysis of regular poly(ester amide)s based on bis(l-phenylalanine) α,ω-alkylene diesters and adipic acid. Macromol Chem Phys 195 6 (1994) 2279-2289
    • (1994) Macromol Chem Phys , vol.195 , Issue.6 , pp. 2279-2289
    • Arabuli, N.1    Tsitlanadze, G.2    Edilashvili, L.3    Kharadze, D.4    Goguadze, T.5    Beridze, V.6
  • 23
    • 0032100033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and characterization of a family of biodegradable poly(ester amide)s derived from glycine
    • Paredes N., Rodriguez-Galan A., and Puiggalf J. Synthesis and characterization of a family of biodegradable poly(ester amide)s derived from glycine. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 36 8 (1998) 1271-1282
    • (1998) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem , vol.36 , Issue.8 , pp. 1271-1282
    • Paredes, N.1    Rodriguez-Galan, A.2    Puiggalf, J.3
  • 24
    • 0034314410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Packing of sequential poly(ester amide)s derived from diols, dicarboxylic acids, and amino acids
    • Paredes N., Casas M.T., and Puiggali J. Packing of sequential poly(ester amide)s derived from diols, dicarboxylic acids, and amino acids. Macromolecules 33 24 (2000) 9090-9097
    • (2000) Macromolecules , vol.33 , Issue.24 , pp. 9090-9097
    • Paredes, N.1    Casas, M.T.2    Puiggali, J.3
  • 25
    • 0343941533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on the degradability of a poly(ester amide) derived from l-alanine, 1,12-dodecanediol and 1,12-dodecanedioic acid
    • Rodriguez-Galan A., Fuentes L., and Puiggali J. Studies on the degradability of a poly(ester amide) derived from l-alanine, 1,12-dodecanediol and 1,12-dodecanedioic acid. Polymer 41 15 (2000) 5967-5970
    • (2000) Polymer , vol.41 , Issue.15 , pp. 5967-5970
    • Rodriguez-Galan, A.1    Fuentes, L.2    Puiggali, J.3
  • 26
    • 0035908182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study on the degradability of poly(ester amide)s derived from the alpha-amino acids glycine, and l-alanine containing a variable amide/ester ratio
    • Armelin E., Paracuellos N., Rodriguez-Galan A., and Puiggali J. Study on the degradability of poly(ester amide)s derived from the alpha-amino acids glycine, and l-alanine containing a variable amide/ester ratio. Polymer 42 19 (2001) 7923-7932
    • (2001) Polymer , vol.42 , Issue.19 , pp. 7923-7932
    • Armelin, E.1    Paracuellos, N.2    Rodriguez-Galan, A.3    Puiggali, J.4
  • 27
    • 0035892730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequential poly(ester amide)s based on glycine, diols, and dicarboxylic acids: thermal polyesterification versus interfacial polyamidation. Characterization of polymers containing stiff units
    • Asin L., Armelin E., Montane J., Rodriguez-Galan A., and Puiggali J. Sequential poly(ester amide)s based on glycine, diols, and dicarboxylic acids: thermal polyesterification versus interfacial polyamidation. Characterization of polymers containing stiff units. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 39 24 (2001) 4283-4293
    • (2001) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem , vol.39 , Issue.24 , pp. 4283-4293
    • Asin, L.1    Armelin, E.2    Montane, J.3    Rodriguez-Galan, A.4    Puiggali, J.5
  • 28
    • 54749152118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Syntheses, characterization, and functionalization of poly(ester amide)s with pendant amine functional groups
    • De Wit M.A., Wang Z., Atkins K.M., Mequanint K., and Gillies E.R. Syntheses, characterization, and functionalization of poly(ester amide)s with pendant amine functional groups. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 46 19 (2008) 6376-6392
    • (2008) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem , vol.46 , Issue.19 , pp. 6376-6392
    • De Wit, M.A.1    Wang, Z.2    Atkins, K.M.3    Mequanint, K.4    Gillies, E.R.5
  • 29
    • 17044383841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and characterization of novel biodegradable unsaturated poly(ester amide)s
    • Guo K., Chu C.C., Chkhaidze E., and Katsarava R. Synthesis and characterization of novel biodegradable unsaturated poly(ester amide)s. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 43 7 (2005) 1463-1477
    • (2005) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem , vol.43 , Issue.7 , pp. 1463-1477
    • Guo, K.1    Chu, C.C.2    Chkhaidze, E.3    Katsarava, R.4
  • 30
    • 34248220033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis, characterization, and biodegradation of copolymers of unsaturated and saturated poly(ester amide)s
    • Guo K., and Chu C.C. Synthesis, characterization, and biodegradation of copolymers of unsaturated and saturated poly(ester amide)s. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 45 9 (2007) 1595-1606
    • (2007) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem , vol.45 , Issue.9 , pp. 1595-1606
    • Guo, K.1    Chu, C.C.2
  • 31
    • 34948815672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis, characterization, and biodegradation of novel poly(ether ester amide)s based on l-phenylalanine and oligoethylene glycol
    • Guo K., and Chu C.C. Synthesis, characterization, and biodegradation of novel poly(ether ester amide)s based on l-phenylalanine and oligoethylene glycol. Biomacromolecules 8 9 (2007) 2851-2861
    • (2007) Biomacromolecules , vol.8 , Issue.9 , pp. 2851-2861
    • Guo, K.1    Chu, C.C.2
  • 32
    • 53849095169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Copolymers of unsaturated and saturated poly(ether ester amide)s: synthesis, characterization, and biodegradation
    • Guo K., and Chu C.C. Copolymers of unsaturated and saturated poly(ether ester amide)s: synthesis, characterization, and biodegradation. J Appl Polym Sci 110 3 (2008) 1858-1869
    • (2008) J Appl Polym Sci , vol.110 , Issue.3 , pp. 1858-1869
    • Guo, K.1    Chu, C.C.2
  • 33
    • 59649120634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitroxyl radical incorporated electrospun biodegradable poly(ester amide) nanofiber membranes
    • Li L., and Chu C.-C. Nitroxyl radical incorporated electrospun biodegradable poly(ester amide) nanofiber membranes. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 20 3 (2009) 341-361
    • (2009) J Biomater Sci Polym Ed , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 341-361
    • Li, L.1    Chu, C.-C.2
  • 34
    • 65949092539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodegradable and injectable paclitaxel-loaded poly(ester amide)s microspheres: fabrication and characterization
    • Guo K., and Chu C.C. Biodegradable and injectable paclitaxel-loaded poly(ester amide)s microspheres: fabrication and characterization. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 89B 2 (2009) 491-500
    • (2009) J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater , vol.89 B , Issue.2 , pp. 491-500
    • Guo, K.1    Chu, C.C.2
  • 35
    • 85180822342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodegradable hydrogels as drug controlled release vehicles
    • Chu C.C. Biodegradable hydrogels as drug controlled release vehicles. Tissue Eng Novel Delivery Syst (2004) 423-461
    • (2004) Tissue Eng Novel Delivery Syst , pp. 423-461
    • Chu, C.C.1
  • 36
    • 26944456982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and characterization of novel biodegradable unsaturated poly(ester amide)/poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogels
    • Guo K., and Chu C.C. Synthesis and characterization of novel biodegradable unsaturated poly(ester amide)/poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogels. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 43 17 (2005) 3932-3944
    • (2005) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem , vol.43 , Issue.17 , pp. 3932-3944
    • Guo, K.1    Chu, C.C.2
  • 37
    • 34247860803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodegradation of unsaturated poly(ester-amide)s and their hydrogels
    • Guo K., and Chu C.C. Biodegradation of unsaturated poly(ester-amide)s and their hydrogels. Biomaterials 28 22 (2007) 3284-3294
    • (2007) Biomaterials , vol.28 , Issue.22 , pp. 3284-3294
    • Guo, K.1    Chu, C.C.2
  • 38
    • 34347328995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlled release of paclitaxel from biodegradable unsaturated poly(ester amide)s/poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogels
    • Guo K., and Chu C.C. Controlled release of paclitaxel from biodegradable unsaturated poly(ester amide)s/poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogels. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 18 5 (2007) 489-504
    • (2007) J Biomater Sci Polym Ed , vol.18 , Issue.5 , pp. 489-504
    • Guo, K.1    Chu, C.C.2
  • 39
    • 8344226831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiol-enes: chemistry of the past with promise for the future
    • Hoyle C.E., Lee T.Y., and Roper T. Thiol-enes: chemistry of the past with promise for the future. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 42 21 (2004) 5301-5338
    • (2004) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem , vol.42 , Issue.21 , pp. 5301-5338
    • Hoyle, C.E.1    Lee, T.Y.2    Roper, T.3
  • 40
  • 41
    • 67650876457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A versatile approach for the syntheses of poly(ester amide)s with pendant functional groups
    • Atkins K.M., Lopez D., Knight D.K., Mequanint K., and Gillies E.R. A versatile approach for the syntheses of poly(ester amide)s with pendant functional groups. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 47 15 (2009) 3757-3772
    • (2009) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem , vol.47 , Issue.15 , pp. 3757-3772
    • Atkins, K.M.1    Lopez, D.2    Knight, D.K.3    Mequanint, K.4    Gillies, E.R.5
  • 43
    • 0033327899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparation and characterization of substituted polylactides
    • Yin M., and Baker G.L. Preparation and characterization of substituted polylactides. Macromolecules 32 23 (1999) 7711-7718
    • (1999) Macromolecules , vol.32 , Issue.23 , pp. 7711-7718
    • Yin, M.1    Baker, G.L.2
  • 44
    • 0442329208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro enzymatic biodegradation of amino acid based poly(ester amide)s biomaterials
    • Tsitlanadze G., Kviria T., Katsarava R., and Chu C.C. In vitro enzymatic biodegradation of amino acid based poly(ester amide)s biomaterials. J Mater Sci Mater Med (2004) 185-190
    • (2004) J Mater Sci Mater Med , pp. 185-190
    • Tsitlanadze, G.1    Kviria, T.2    Katsarava, R.3    Chu, C.C.4
  • 46
    • 0037076252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodegradability study of copolyesteramides based on diacid chlorides, diamines, and diols
    • Pivsa-Art S., Nakayama A., Kawasaki N., Yamamoto N., and Aiba S. Biodegradability study of copolyesteramides based on diacid chlorides, diamines, and diols. J Appl Polym Sci 85 4 (2002) 774-784
    • (2002) J Appl Polym Sci , vol.85 , Issue.4 , pp. 774-784
    • Pivsa-Art, S.1    Nakayama, A.2    Kawasaki, N.3    Yamamoto, N.4    Aiba, S.5
  • 48
    • 0035976204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hydrophobic tails on orientation of SDS and SDOSS surfactants near the film-air interface of Sty/n-BA copolymer latex films
    • Zhao Y.Q., and Urban M.W. Effect of hydrophobic tails on orientation of SDS and SDOSS surfactants near the film-air interface of Sty/n-BA copolymer latex films. Langmuir 17 22 (2001 Oct) 6961-6967
    • (2001) Langmuir , vol.17 , Issue.22 , pp. 6961-6967
    • Zhao, Y.Q.1    Urban, M.W.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.