Holocene landscape response to seasonality of storms in the Mojave Desert

Quaternary International

Volumn 215, Issue 1-2, 2010, Pages 45-61

  Miller, David M ^a   Schmidt, Kevin M ^a   Mahan, Shannon A ^b   McGeehin, John P ^c   Owen, Lewis A ^d   Barron, John A ^a   Lehmkuhl, Frank ^e   Löhrer, Rene ^e  

^a U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^b DENVER FEDERAL CENTER   (United States)

^c U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI   (United States)

^e RWTH AACHEN UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGGRADATION; ALLUVIAL FAN; CLIMATE FORCING; HOLOCENE; LACUSTRINE DEPOSIT; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; LITTLE ICE AGE; MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD; SEASONALITY; STORM;

GULF OF CALIFORNIA; MOJAVE DESERT; PACIFIC OCEAN; UNITED STATES;

EID: 77649236006     PISSN: 10406182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2009.10.001     Document Type: Article

References (117)

1. Adamiec G., and Aitken M.J. Dose-rate conversion factors: update. Ancient TL 16 (1998) 37-49
2. Adams K.D. Age and paleoclimatic significance of late Holocene lakes in the Carson Sink, NV, USA. Quaternary Research 60 (2003) 294-306
3. Adams K.D. Late Holocene sedimentary environments and lake-level fluctuations at Walker Lake, Nevada, USA. Geological Society of America Bulletin 119 (2007) 126-139
4. Aitken M.J. Thermoluminescence Dating (1985), Academic Press, London 359 pp.
5. Aitken M.J. An Introduction to Optical Dating (1998), Oxford University Press, Oxford 267 pp.
6. Amoroso, L., Miller, D.M., 2006. Surficial geologic map and database of the Cuddeback Lake 30′ × 60′ quadrangle, San Bernardino and Kern Counties, California. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report OF 2006-2765, 30 pp., scale 1:100,000.
7. Anderson D.E., and Wells S.G. Late Pleistocene Lake Highstands in Death Valley, California. In: Enzel Y., Wells S.G., and Lancaster N. (Eds). Paleoenvironments and Paleohydrology of the Mojave and Southern Great Basin Deserts. Geological Society of America Special Paper 368 (2003) 115-128
8. Anderson K.C., and Wells S.G. Late Quaternary geology and paleohydrology of Silurian Lake and Salt Spring basin, Silurian Valley, California. In: Enzel Y., Wells S.G., and Lancaster N. (Eds). Paleoenvironments and Paleohydrology of the Mojave and Southern Great Basin Deserts. Geological Society of America Special Paper 368 (2003) 129-141
9. Anderson R.S., and Van Devender T.R. Comparison of pollen and macrofossils in packrat (Neotama) middens: a chronological sequence from the Waterman Mountains of southern Arizona, U.S.A. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 68 (1991) 1-28
10. Banerjee D., Murray A.S., Boetter-Jensen L., and Lang A. Equivalent dose estimation using a single aliquot of polymineral fine grains. Radiation Measurements 33 1 (2001) 73-94
11. Barron J.A., and Bukry D. Solar forcing of Gulf of California climate during the past 2000 yr suggested by diatoms and silicoflagellates. Marine Micropaleontology 62 (2007) 115-139
12. Barron J.A., Bukry D., and Field D. Santa Barbara Basin diatom and silicoflagellate records suggests coincidence of cooler SST with widespread occurrence of drought in the west during the past 2,200 years' for PACLIM Proceedings volume. Quaternary International 215 (2010) 34-44
13. Barron J.A., Bukry D., and Dean W.E. Paleoceanographic history of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, during the past 15,000 years based on diatoms, silicoflagellates, and biogenic sediments. Marine Micropaleontology 56 (2005) 81-102
14. Bedford, D.R., 2003. Surficial and bedrock geologic map database of the Kelso 7.5 minute quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OF 2003-501, 34 pp., scale 1:24,000.
15. Bedford, D.R., Miller, D.M., Phelps, G., 2006. Preliminary surficial geologic map database of the Amboy 30 × 60 minute quadrangle, California. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report OF 2006-1165, 28 pp., scale 1:100,000.
16. Bell, J.W., Ramelli, A.R., DePolo, C.M., Maldonado, F., Schmidt, D.L., 1999. Geologic Map of the Corn Creek Springs Quadrangle, Nevada. Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Map 121.
17. Berger R., and Meek N. Radiocarbon dating of Anodonta in the Mojave River basin. Radiocarbon 34 (1992) 578-584
18. Birkeland P.W. Soils and Geomorphology (1999), Oxford University Press, New York 430 pp.
19. Blackwelder E. Pleistocene lakes and drainages in the Mojave region, southern California. In: Jahns R.H. (Ed). The Geology of Southern California. California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin 170 (1954) 35-40
20. Budahn J.R., and Wandless G.A. Instrumental neutron activation by abbreviated count. In: Taggart Jr. J.E. (Ed). Analytical Methods for Chemical Analysis of Geologic and Other Materials (2002) U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-223, 13 pp.
21. Bull W.B. Geomorphic Response to Climatic Change (1991), Oxford University Press, Oxford 326 pp.
22. Bullard J., Nash D., and North C. Drylands - linking landscape processes to sedimentary environments. Geomorphology 85 (2007) 128pp.
23. Caine N. The rainfall intensity-duration control on shallow landslides and debris flows. Geografiska Annaler 62A (1980) 23-27
24. Cannon S.H. Regional rainfall-threshold conditions for abundant debris-flow activity. In: Ellen S.D., and Wieczorek G.F. (Eds). Landslides, Floods, and Marine Effects of the Storm of January 3-5, 1982, in the San Francisco Bay Region, California. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1434 (1988) 35-42
25. Carr, W.J., Dickey, D.D., 1980. Geologic map of the Vidal, California, and Pareker SW, California-Arizona quadrangles. U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map 1125 scale 1:24,000.
26. Cayan D.R., Dettinger M.D., Diaz H.F., and Graham N.E. Decadal variability of precipitation over western North America. Journal of Climate 11 (1998) 3148-3166
27. Cayan D.R., Redmond K.T., and Riddle L.G. ENSO and hydrologic extremes in the western United States. Journal of Climate 12 (1999) 2881-2893
28. CLIMAS (2008). http://www.climas.arizona.edu/research/paleoclimate/background.html (accessed 04.10.08)
29. Cook, E.R., Krusic, P.J., 2004. North American Summer PDSI Reconstructions: IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series No. 2004-045. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder, Colorado, USA, 24 pp.
30. Cook E.R., Woodhouse C.A., Eakin C.M., Meko D.M., and Stahle D.W. Long-term aridity changes in the western United States. Science 306 (2004) 1015-1018
31. Cooke R.U., Brunsden D., Doornkamp J.C., and Jones D.K.C. Urban Geomorphology in Drylands (1982), Oxford University Press, Oxford 324 pp.
32. Culleton B.J. Implications of a freshwater radiocarbon reservoir correction for the timing of late Holocene settlement in Elk Hills, Kern County, California. Journal of Archeological Science 33 (2006) 1331-1339
33. Dettinger M.D., Battisti D.S., Garreaud R.D., McCabe Jr. G.J., and Bitz C.M. Interhemispheric effects of interannual and decadal ENSO-like climate variations on the Americas. Interhemispheric Climate Linkages (2001), Academic Press 1-16
34. Dorn R.I., DeNiro M.J., and Ajie H.O. Isotopic evidence for climatic influence on alluvial-fan development in Death Valley, California. Geology 15 (1987) 108-110
35. Drover, C.E., 1978. The Early Prehistoric Ecology of the Northern Mojave Sink, San Bernardino County, California. Unpubl. Ph.D. dissertation. Univ. of California, Riverside, 255 pp.
36. Dudash, S.L., 2006. Preliminary Surficial Geologic Map of a Calico Mountains Piedmont and Part of Coyote Lake, Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 06-1090, 48 pp. Pamphlet, scale 1:24,000.
37. Ely L.L., Enzel Y., Baker V.R., and Cayan D.R. 5000-Year record of extreme paleofloods and associated atmospheric circulation patterns, southwestern United States. Science 262 (1993) 410-412
38. Enzel Y., Cayan R.D., Anderson R.Y., and Wells S.G. Atmospheric circulation during Holocene lake stands in the Mojave Desert: evidence of a regional climatic change. Nature 341 (1989) 44-48
39. Enzel Y., and Wells S.G. Extracting Holocene paleohydrology and paleoclimatology information from modern extreme flood events: an example from southern California. Geomorphology 19 (1997) 203-226
40. Forman S.L., and Pierson J. Late Pleistocene luminescence chronology of loess deposition in the Missouri and Mississippi River valleys, United States. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 186 1 and 2 (2002) 25-46
41. Graumlich L. A 1000-year record of temperature and precipitation in the Sierra Nevada. Quaternary Research 39 (1993) 249-255
42. Griffiths, P.G., Webb, R.H., Melis, T.S., 1996. Initiation and Frequency of Debris Flows in Grand Canyon, Arizona. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-491, 35 pp.
43. Griffiths P.G., Webb R.H., and Melis T.S. Initiation and frequency of debris flows in Grand Canyon, Arizona. Journal of Geophysical Research, Surface Processes 109 (2004) F04002 10.1029/2003JF000077 14 pp.
44. Heimsath A.M., Dietrich W.E., Nishiizumi K., and Finkel R.C. The soil production function and landscape equilibrium. Nature 388 (1997) 358-361
45. Hereford R., Webb R.H., and Longpre C.I. Precipitation history and ecosystem response to multidecadal precipitation variability in the Mojave Desert region, 1893-2001. Journal of Arid Environments 67 (2006) 13-34
46. Hughes, M.D., Graumlich, L.J., 2000. Multi-Millennial Nevada Precipitation Reconstruction. International Tree-Ring Data Bank. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center-A for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series #2000-049. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA.
47. Hunt C.B., and Mabey D.R. Stratigraphy and structure, Death Valley, California. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 494-A (1966) 162 pp.
48. Jones T.L., and Kennett D.J. Late Holocene sea temperatures along the central California coast. Quaternary Research 51 (1999) 74-82
49. Katzer, T.L., Glancy, P.A., Harmsen, L., 1976. A Brief Hydrologic Appraisal of the July 3-4, 1975, Flash Flood in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-100, p. 39.
50. Keefer W.R., Whitney J.W., and Taylor E.M. Quaternary paleoseismology and stratigraphy of the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1689 (2004) 212 pp.
51. Kennett D.J., and Kennett J.P. Competitive and cooperative responses to climatic instability in southern California. American Antiquity 65 (2000) 379-395
52. Kochel R.C., and Johnson R.A. Geomorphology and sedimentology of humid-temperate alluvial fans, central Virginia. In: Koster E., and Steel R. (Eds). Gravels and Conglomerates, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir (1984) 109-122
53. Koehler P.A., Anderson R.S., and Spaulding W.G. Development of vegetation in the central Mojave Desert of California during the late Quaternary. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 215 (2005) 297-311
54. Lancaster N., and Tchakerian V.P. Late Quaternary eolian dynamics, Mojave Desert, California. In: Enzel Y., Wells S.G., and Lancaster N. (Eds). Paleoenvironments and Paleohydrology of the Mojave and Southern Great Basin Deserts. Geological Society of America Special Paper 368 (2003) 231-249
55. Lang A. Infrared stimulated luminescence dating of Holocene reworked silty sediments. Quaternary Science Reviews 13 5-7 (1994) 525-528
56. Löhrer, R., 2008. Reliefanalyse an Schwemmfächern und Fußflächen im Südwesten der USA. PhD thesis. RWTH Aachen University, 198 pp.
57. MacDonald G.M. Severe and sustained drought in southern California and the West: Present conditions and insights from the past on causes and impacts. Quaternary International 173-174 (2007) 87-100
58. MacDonald G.M., Konstantine V.K., and Hidalgo H.G. Southern California and the perfect drought: simultaneous prolonged drought in southern California and the Sacramento and Colorado River systems. Quaternary International 188 (2008) 11-23
59. Magirl, C.S., Shoemaker, C., Webb, R.H., Schaffner, M., Griffiths, P.G., Pytlak, E., 2007. Debris Flows and Record Floods from Extreme Mesoscale Convective Thunderstorms over the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1108, 1 sheet.
60. Mahan S.A., Miller D.M., Menges C.M., and Yount J.C. Late Quaternary stratigraphy and luminescence geochronology of the northeastern Mojave Desert. Quaternary International 166 (2007) 61-78
61. Mahan S.A., Miller D.M., Menges C.M., and Yount J.C. Late Quaternary stratigraphy and luminescence geochronology of the northeastern Mojave Desert, with emphasis on the Valjean Valley area. In: Miller D.M., and Valin Z.C. (Eds). Geomorphology and Tectonics at the Intersection of Silurian and Death Valleys, Southern California (2007) 63-97 U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1424
62. Mann M.E., Cane M.A., Zebiak S.E., and Clement A. Volcanic and solar forcing of the tropical Pacific over the past 1000 years. Journal of Climate 18 (2005) 447-456
63. Mantua N.J., Hare S.R., Zhang Y., Wallace J.M., and Francis R.C. A Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation with impacts on salmon production. Bulletin American Meteorological Society 78 (1997) 1069-1079
64. McDonald E.V., and McFadden L.D. Quaternary stratigraphy of the Providence Mountains piedmont and preliminary age estimates and regional correlations of Quaternary deposits in the eastern Mojave Desert. In: McGill S.F., and Ross T.M. (Eds). Geological Investigations of an Active Margin: Geological Society of America Cordilleran Section Meeting Field Trip 8 Guidebook (1994) 205-213
65. McDonald E.V., McFadden L.D., and Wells S.G. Regional response of alluvial fans to the Pleistocene-Holocene climatic transition. In: Enzel Y., Wells, and Lancaster N. (Eds). Paleoenvironments and Paleohydrology of the Mojave and Southern Great Basin Deserts. Geological Society of America Special Paper 368 (2003) 189-205
66. McFadden L.D., Ritter J.B., and Wells S.G. Use of multiparameter relative-age methods for age estimation and correlation of alluvial fan surfaces on a desert piedmont Eastern Mojave Desert, California. Quaternary Research 32 (1989) 276-290
67. McFadden L.D., and Weldon II R.J. Rates and process of soil development on Quaternary terraces in Cajon Pass, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 98 (1987) 280-293
68. Mejdahl M. Thermoluminescence dating: beta dose attenuation in quartz grains. Archaeometry 21 (1979) 61-71
69. Meko D.M., Woodhouse C.A., Baisan C.H., Knight T., Lukas J.L., Hughes M.K., and Salzer M.W. Medieval drought in the upper Colorado River basin. Geophysical Research Letters 34 (2007) L10705 10.1029/2007GL029988
70. Melton M.A. The geomorphic and paleoclimatic significance of alluvial deposits in southern Arizona. The Journal of Geology 73 1 (1965) 137
71. Menges C.M., and Miller D.M. Introduction. In: Miller D.M., and Valin Z.C. (Eds). Geomorphology and Tectonics at the Intersection of Silurian and Death Valleys, Southern California (2007) 1-6 U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1424
72. Menges C.M., Taylor E.M., Workman J.B., and Jayko A.S. Regional surficial-deposit mapping in the Death Valley area of California and Nevada in support of ground-water modeling. In: Machette M.N., Johnson M.L., and Slate J.L. (Eds). Quaternary and Late Pliocene Geology of the Death Valley Region - Recent Observations on Tectonics, Stratigraphy, and Lake Cycles, Pacific Cell Friends of the Pleistocene Field Trip, February 17-19, 2001 (2001) H151-H166 U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-51
73. Merideth R. A Primer on Climatic Variability and Change in the Southwest (2000), Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy and the Institute for the Study of Planet Earth, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 29 pp.
74. Miller, D.M., Amoroso, L., 2006. Preliminary Surficial Geology of the Dove Spring Off-Highway Vehicle Open Area, Mojave Desert, California. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1265, 22 pp.
75. Miller D.M., Bedford D.R., Hughson D.L., McDonald E.V., Robinson S.E., and Schmidt K.M. Mapping Mojave Desert ecosystem properties with surficial geology. In: Webb R.H., Fenstermaker L.F., Heaton J.S., Hughson D.L., McDonald E.V., and Miller D.M. (Eds). The Mojave Desert: Ecosystem Processes and Sustainability (2009), University of Nevada Press 225-251
76. Miller D.M., Menges C.M., and McMackin M.R. Geomorphology and tectonics at the intersection of Silurian and Death Valleys, southern California: field trip road log. In: Miller D.M., and Valin Z.C. (Eds). Geomorphology and Tectonics at the Intersection of Silurian and Death Valleys, Southern California (2007) 7-49 U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1424
77. Miller J., Germanoski D., Waltman K., Tausch R., and Chambers J. Influence of late Holocene hillslope processes and landforms on modern channel dynamics in upland watersheds of central Nevada. Geomorphology 38 (2001) 373-391
78. Mitchell D.L., Ivanova D., Rabin R., Brown T.J., and Redmond K. Gulf of California sea surface temperatures and the North American monsoon: mechanistic implications from observations. Journal of Climate 15 (2003) 2261-2281
79. Montgomery D.R., Schmidt K.M., Greenberg H.M., and Dietrich W.E. Forest clearing and regional landsliding. Geology 28 (2000) 311-314
80. Morisawa M. Streams: Their Dynamics and Morphology (1969), McGraw-Hill, New York, NY
81. Morton D.M., and Campbell R.H. Spring mudflows at Wrightwood, Southern California. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 7 (1974) 377-384
82. Murray A.S., and Wintle A.G. Luminescence dating of quartz using an improved single-aliquot regenerative-dose protocol. Radiation Measurements 32 1 (2000) 57-73
83. Murray A.S., Marten R., Johnston A., and Martin P. Analysis for naturally occurring radionuclides at environmental concentrations by gamma spectrometry. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 115 (1987) 263-288
84. Negrini R.M., Wigand P.E., Draucker S., Gobalet K., Gardner J.K., Sutton M.Q., and Yohe II R.M. The Rambla highstand shoreline and the Holocene lake-level history of Tulare Lake, California, USA. Quaternary Science Reviews 25 (2006) 1599-1618
85. Nichols K.E., Bierman P.R., Eppes M.C., Caffee M., Finkel R., and Larsen J. Timing of surficial process changes down a Mojave Desert piedmont. Quaternary Research 68 (2007) 151-161
86. Ore H.T., and Warren C.N. Late Pleistocene-early Holocene geomorphic history of Lake Mojave, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 82 (1971) 2553-2562
87. Owen L.A., Bright J., Finkel R.C., Jaiswal M.K., Kaufman D.S., Mahan S., Radtke U., Schneider J.S., Sharp W., Singhvi A.K., and Warren C.N. Numerical dating of a late Quaternary spit-shoreline complex at the northern end of Silver Lake playa, Mojave Desert, California: a comparison of the applicability of radiocarbon, luminescence, terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide, electron spin resonance, U-series and amino acid racemization methods. Quaternary International 166 (2007) 87-110
88. Parry, M.L., Canziani, O.F., Palutikof, J.P., van der Linden, P.J., and Hanson, C.E., Eds., 2008, IPCC, 2007, Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptations and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 976 pp.
89. Pierce K.L., and Scott W.E. Pleistocene episodes of alluvial-gravel deposition, southeastern Idaho. In: Fonnischsen B., and Breckenridge R.M. (Eds). Cenozoic Geology of Idaho, Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology (1982) 685-702
90. Pigati J.S., Quade J., Shanahan T.M., and Haynes C.V. Radiocarbon dating of minute gastropods and new constraints on the timing of late Quaternary spring discharge deposits in southern Arizona. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 204 (2004) 33-45
91. Prescott J.R., and Hutton J.T. Cosmic ray and gamma ray dosimetry for TL and ESR. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 14 (1988) 223-230
92. Prescott J.R., and Hutton J.T. Cosmic ray contributions to dose rates for luminescence and ESR dating: large depths and long-term time variations. Radiation Measurements 23 (1994) 497-500
93. Quade J., Forester R.M., and Whelan J.F. Late Quaternary paleohydrologic and paleotemperature change in southern Nevada. In: Enzel Y., Wells, and Lancaster N. (Eds). Paleoenvironments and Paleohydrology of the Mojave and Southern Great Basin Deserts. Geological Society of America Special Paper 368 (2003) 165-188
94. Reheis M.C., Harden J.W., McFadden L.D., and Shroba R.R. Development rates of late Quaternary soils, Silver Lake playa, California. Soil Science Society of America Journal 53 (1989) 1127-1140
95. Reheis M.C., Slate J.L., Throckmorton C.K., McGeehin J.P., Sarna-Wojcicki A.M., and Dengler L. Late Quaternary sedimentation on the Leidy Creek fan, Nevada-California: geomorphic responses to climate change. Basin Research 12 (1996) 279-299
96. Reimer P.J., Baillie M.G.L., Bard E., Bayliss A., Beck J.W., Bertrand C., Blackwell P.G., Buck C.E., Burr G., Cutler K.B., Damon P.E., Edwards R.L., Fairbanks R.G., Friedrich M., Guilderson T.P., Hughen K.A., Kromer B., McCormac F.G., Manning S., BronkRamsey C., Reimer R.W., Remmele S., Southon J.R., Stuiver M., Talamo S., Taylor F.W., van der Plicht J., and Weyhenmeyer C.E. IntCal04 terrestrial radiocarbon age calibration, 0-26 cal kBP. Radiocarbon 46 (2004) 1029-1058
97. Richardson C.A., McDonald E.V., and Busacca A.J. Luminescence dating of loess from the northwest United States. Quaternary Science Reviews 16 3-5 (1997) 403-415
98. Ritter J.B., Miller J.R., Enzel Y., and Wells S.G. Reconciling the roles of tectonism and climate in Quaternary alluvial fan evolution. Geology 23 (1995) 245-248
99. Ritter J.B., Miller J.R., and Husek-Wulforst J. Environmental controls on the evolution of alluvial fans in Buena Vista Valley, North central Nevada, during late Quaternary time. Geomorphology 36 (2000) 63-87
100. Rockwell T.K., Lindvall S., Herzberg M., Murbach D., Dawson T., and Berger G. Paleoseismology of the Johnson Valley, Kickapoo, and Homestead Valley faults: clustering of earthquakes in the Eastern California shear zone. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 90 (2000) 1200-1236
101. Salzer M.W., and Hughes M.K. Bristlecone pine tree rings and volcanic eruptions over the last 5000 yr. Quaternary Research 67 (2007) 57-68
102. Schmidt, K.M., McMackin, M., 2006. Preliminary Surficial Geologic Map of the Mesquite Lake 30′ × 60′ Quadrangle, California and Nevada. U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 2006-1035, Scale 1:100,000, 89 pp.
103. Schmidt K.M., and Menges C.M. Debris-flow deposits and watershed erosion rates near southern Death Valley, CA, United States. In: Rickenmann D., and Chen C. (Eds). Debris-flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment (2003), Millpress, Davos, Switzerland 219-230
104. Selby M.J. Hillslope Materials and Processes (1993), Oxford University Press, Oxford UK 451 pp.
105. Singhvi A.K., Sharma Y.P., and Agrawal D.P. Thermo-luminescence dating of sand dunes in Rajasthan, India. Nature 295 5847 (1982) 313-315
106. Snyder S.L., and Duval J.S. Design and Construction of a Gamma-ray Spectrometer System for Determining Natural Radioactive Concentrations in Geological Samples at the U.S. Geological Survey in Reston, Virginia. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-29 (on-line only) (2003). http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-029/
107. Sohn M.F., Mahan S.A., Knott J.R., and Bowman D.D. Luminescence ages for alluvial-fan deposits in Southern Death Valley: implications for climate-driven sedimentation along a tectonically active mountain front. Quaternary International 166 (2007) 49-60
108. Stine S. Late Holocene fluctuations of Mono Lake, eastern California. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 78 (1990) 333-381
109. Stine S. Extreme and persistent drought in California and Patagonia during medieval time. Nature 369 (1994) 546-549
110. Stock J.D., Schmidt K.M., and Miller D.M. Controls on alluvial fan long-profiles. Geological Society of America Bulletin 120 (2007) 619-640
111. 14C data. Radiocarbon 19 (1977) 355-363
112. 14C age calibration program. Radiocarbon 35 (1993) 215-230
113. Thompson G.D. The Mohave Desert region, California: a geographic, geologic and hydrologic reconnaissance. U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 578 (1929) 572 pp.
114. Wells S.G., and McFadden L.D. Comment and reply on "Isotopic evidence for climatic influence on alluvial-fan development in Death Valley, California". Geology 15 (1987) 1178-1179
115. Wells S.G., and Harvey A.M. Sedimentologic and geomorphic variations in storm-generated alluvial fans, Howgill Fells, northwest England. Geological Society of America Bulletin 98 (1987) 182-198
116. Wells S.G., Brown W.J., Enzel Y., Anderson R.Y., and McFadden L.D. Late Quaternary geology and paleohydrology of pluvial Lake Mojave, southern California. In: Enzel Y., Wells, and Lancaster N. (Eds). Paleoenvironments and Paleohydrology of the Mojave and Southern Great Basin Deserts. Geological Society of America Special Paper 368 (2003) 79-114
117. Wohl E.E., and Pearthree P.P. Debris flows as geomorphic agents in the Huachuca Mountains of southeastern Arizona. Geomorphology 4 (1991) 273-292