Minimal additional weight of combat equipment alters air assault soldiers' landing biomechanics

Military Medicine

Volumn 175, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 41-47

  Sell, Timothy C ^a   Chu, Yungchien ^a   Abt, John P ^a   Nagai, Takashi ^a   Deluzio, Jennifer ^a   McGrail, Mark A ^b   Rowe, Russell S ^c   Lephart, Scott M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

^b Division Surgeon's Office   (United States)

^c WALTER REED ARMY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANKLE; ANKLE INJURY; APPARATUS, EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; HUMAN; KNEE; KNEE INJURY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSIOLOGY; PROTECTIVE CLOTHING; SOLDIER; WEIGHT BEARING;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANKLE INJURIES; ANKLE JOINT; BIOMECHANICS; EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES; HUMANS; KNEE INJURIES; KNEE JOINT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MILITARY PERSONNEL; PROTECTIVE CLOTHING; WEIGHT-BEARING;

EID: 77649225811     PISSN: 00264075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7205/MILMED-D-09-00066     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Jones BH, Hansen BC: An Armed Forces Epidemiological Board evaluation of injuries in the military. Am. J Prev Med 2000; 18(3S): 14-25.
2. Kotwal RS, Wenzel RB, Sterling RA, Porter WD, Jordan NN, Petruccelli BP: An outbreak of malaria in US Army Rangers returning from Afghanistan. JAMA 2005; 293(2):212-21 6.
3. Kaufman KR, Brodine S, Shaffer R: Military training-related injuries: surveillance, research, and prevention. Am J Prev Med 2000; 18(3S): 54-63.
4. Knapik J, Ang P, Reynolds K, Jones B: Physical fitness, age, and injury incidence in infantry soldiers. J Occup Med 1993; 35(6): 598-603.
5. Lauder TD, Baker SP, Smith GS, Lincoln AE: Sports and physical training injury hospitalizations in the army. Am J Prev Med 2000; 18(3Suppl):118-128.
6. Litow FK, Krahl PL: Public health potential of a disability tracking system: analysis of U.S. Navy and Marine Corps Physical Evaluation Boards 2005-2006. Mil Med 2007: 12: 1270-1274
7. Sanders JW, Putnam SD, Frankart C, et al: Impact of illness and noncombat injury during Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan). Am J Trop Med Hyg 2005; 73(4): 713-719
8. Smith GS, Dannenberg AL, Amoroso PJ: Hospitalization due to injuries in the military: evaluation of current data and recommendations on their use for injury prevention. Am J Prev Med 2000; 18(3S): 41-53.
9. Songer TJ, LaPorte RE: Disabilities due to injury in the military. Am J Prev Med 2000; 18(3S): 33-40.
10. Popovich RM, Gardner JW, Potter R, Knapik JJ, Jones BH: Effect of rest from running on overuse injuries in army basic training. Am J Prev Med 2000; 18(3S): 147-155
11. Garamone J: Reducing Sports Injuries. American Forces Press Service, Department of Defense, March 27, 2001.
12. Department of Veterans Affairs: Analysis of VA health care utilization among US Southwest Asian War veterans: OIF/OEF: VHA Office of Public Health, and Environmental Hazards, Department of Veterans Affairs, 2006.
13. Boden BP, Dean GS, Feagin JA: Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Orthopedics 2000; 23: 573-578
14. Decker MJ, Torry MR, Wyland DJ, Sterett WI, Steadman JR: Gender differences in lower extremity kinematics, kinetics, and energy absorption during landing. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2003; 1(8): 662-669
15. Hewett TE, Myer GD, Ford KR, Heidt RS Jr, Colosimo MV, Succop P: Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular control and valgus loading of the knee predict anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes: a prospective study. Am J Sports Med 2005; 33(4): 492-501.
16. Lephart SM, Ferris CM, Riemann BL, Myers JB, Fu FH: Gender differences in strength and lower extremity kinematics during landing. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2002; 40(1): 162-169
17. Rozzi SL, Lephart SM, Fu FH: Effects of muscular fatigue on knee joint laxity and neuromuscular characteristics of male and female athletes. J Athl Train 1999; 34(2): 106-114.
18. Sell TC, Ferris CM, Abt JP, et al: The effect of direction and reaction on the neuromuscular and biomechanical characteristics of the knee during tasks that simulate the non-contact ACL injury mechanism. Am J Sports Med 2006; 33: 263-271
19. Sell TC, Ferris CM, Abt JP, et al: Predictors of proximal anterior tibia shear force during a vertical stop-jump. J Orthop Res 2007; 25(12): 1589-1597
20. Knapik JJ, Reynolds KL, Harman E: Soldier load carriage: historical, physiological, biomechanical, and medical, aspects. Mil Med 2004; 169(1): 45-56.
21. Tyson AS: Weight of combat gear is taking toll: the loads are contributing to injuries that are keeping some troops on the sidelines. Washington Post. Febuary 1, 2009, A03.
22. Quesada PM, Mengelkoch LJ, Hale RC, Simon SR: Biomechanical and metabolic effects of varying backpack loading on simulated marching. Ergonomics 2000; 43(3): 293-309.
23. Lafiandra M, Harman E: The distribution of forces between the upper and lower back during load carriage Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36(3): 460-467
24. Orloff HA, Rapp CM: The effects of load carriage on spinal curvature and posture. Spine 2004; 29: 1325-1329
25. Kulas A, Zalewski P, Hortobagyi T, DeVita P: Effects of added trunk load and corresponding trunk position adaptations on lower extremity biomechanics during drop-landings. J Biomech 2008; 41: 180-185
26. Woltring HJ: Smoothing and differentiation techniques applied to 3-D data. In: Three-dimensional analysis of human movement, pp 79-100. Edited by Allard P, Stokes IAF, Blanchi J-P. Champaign, IL, Human Kinetics, 1994.
27. Huston LJ, Vibert B, Ashton-Miller JA, Wojtys EM: Gender differences in knee angle when landing from a drop-jump. Am J Knee Surg 2001; 14(4): 215-219
28. Zhang SN, Bates BT, Defek JS: Contributions of lower extremity joints to energy dissipation during landings. Med Sei Sports Exerc 2000; 32(4): 812-819
29. Whitting JW, Steele JR, Jaffrey MA, Munro BJ: Parachute landing fall characteristics at three realistic vertical velocities. Aviat Space Environ Med 2007; 78(12): 1135-1142
30. DeVita P, Skelly WA: Effect of landing stiffness on joint kinetics and energetics in the lower extremity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992; 24(1): 108-115.
31. McNitt-Gray JL: Kinetics of the lower extremities during drop landing from three heights. J Biomech 1993; 26: 1037-1046.
32. Yu B, Garrett WE: Mechanisms of non-contact ACL injuries. Br J Sports Med 2007; 41(S1):i47-i51.
33. Chappell JD, Creighton RA, Giuliani C, Yu B, Garrett WE: Kinematics and electromyography of landing preparation in vertical stop-jump. Am. J Sports Med 2007; 35(2): 235-241
34. Fagenbaum R, Darling WG: Jump landing strategies in male and female college athletes and the implications of such strategies for anterior cruciate ligament injury. Am J Sports Med 2003; 31(2): 233-240
35. Medina JM, Valovich McLeod TC, Howell SK, Kingma JJ: Timing of neuromuscular activation of the quadriceps and hamstrings prior to landing in high school male athletes, female athletes, and female nonathletes. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2008; 18(4): 591-597
36. Berns GS, Hull ML, Paterson HA: Strain in the anterior cruciate ligament under combined loading. J Orthop Res 1992; 10: 167-176
37. Markolf KL, Burchfield DM, Shapiro MM, Shepard MF, Finerman GAM, Slauterbeck JL: Combined knee loading states that generate high anterior cruciate ligament forces. J Orthop Res 1995; 13: 930-935
38. Panzer VP, Wood GA, Bates BT, Mason BR: Lower extremity loads in landings of elite gymnasts. Biomechanics XI-B, pp 727-735. Amsterdam, Free University Press, 1988.
39. Kernozek TW, Torry MR, van Hoof H, Cowley H, Tanner S: Gender differences in frontal and sagittal place biomechanics during drop landings. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005; 37(6): 1003-1012
40. Birrell SA, Hooper RH, Haslam RA: The effect of military load, carriage on ground reaction forces. Gait Posture 2007; 26: 611-614
41. Devroey C, Jonkers I, de Becker A, Lenaerts G, Spaepen A: Evaluation of the effect of backpack load and position during standing and walking using biomechanical, physiological and subjective measures. Ergonomics 2007; 50(5): 728-742
42. Schiffman JM, Bensel CK, Hasselquist L, Gregorczyk KN, Piscitelle L: Effects of carried weight on random motion and traditional measures of postural sway. Appl Ergon 2006; 37: 607-614
43. Attwells RL, Birrell SA, Hooper RH, Mansfield NJ: Influence of carrying heavy loads on soldiers' posture, movements and gait. Ergonomics 2006; 49(14): 1527-1537
44. Beekley MD, Alt J, Buckley CM, Duffey M, Crowder TA: Effects of heavy load carriage during constant-speed, simulated, road marching. Mil Med 2007; 172(6): 592-595