메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue , 2009, Pages 6245-6266

Wood pellet properties produced in British Columbia and studies on off-gas emissions at low and high storage temperatures

Author keywords

Bulk density; Durability index; Gas chromatography; Off gas; Pellet density; Wood pellets

Indexed keywords

ASH CONTENTS; BRITISH COLUMBIA; BULK DENSITY; CO CONCENTRATIONS; FIBRECO EXPORT INC.; GAS PELLETS; HEADSPACES; HIGH STORAGE TEMPERATURES; HIGH TEMPERATURE; MEASURED DATA; MOISTURE CONTENTS; NATIONAL STANDARD; OFF-GASES; PARTICLE DENSITIES; PELLET PROPERTIES; SHIPPING COMPANIES; SHIPPING POINT; STANDARD DEVIATION; STORAGE PERIODS; STORAGE TEMPERATURES; TAPPED DENSITY; TIME PERIODS; WOOD CHIP; WOOD PELLET;

EID: 77649201235     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (1)

References (39)
  • 1
    • 84905526613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • th ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington, DC, pp-684.
    • th ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington, DC, pp-684.
  • 2
    • 36248997105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of hardness and durability of alfalfa cubes processed from fractionated sun-cured and dehydrated alfalfa chops
    • Adapa, P.K., G.J. Schoenau, L.G. Tabil and A. K. Singh. 2007. Prediction of hardness and durability of alfalfa cubes processed from fractionated sun-cured and dehydrated alfalfa chops. Biosystems Engineering, 98, 430-436.
    • (2007) Biosystems Engineering , vol.98 , pp. 430-436
    • Adapa, P.K.1    Schoenau, G.J.2    Tabil, L.G.3    Singh, A.K.4
  • 3
    • 77649138096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solid Biofuels and Peat - Determination of the Mechanical Strength for Pellets and Briquettes
    • Anon
    • Anon.1999. Solid Biofuels and Peat - Determination of the Mechanical Strength for Pellets and Briquettes, Swedish Standards Institution, SS 18 71 80.
    • (1999) Swedish Standards Institution , vol.SS 18 , pp. 71-80
  • 4
    • 77649209288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biofuels and Peat - Fuel Pellets-Classification
    • Anon
    • Anon.1998. Biofuels and Peat - Fuel Pellets-Classification, Swedish Standards Institution, SS 18 71 20.
    • (1998) Swedish Standards Institution , vol.SS 18 , pp. 71-20
  • 5
    • 84924414283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S269.4-Cubes, pellets and crumbles-definitions and methods for determining density, durability and moisture content
    • th ed, St Joseph, MI. pp
    • th ed., 2003c.S269.4-Cubes, pellets and crumbles-definitions and methods for determining density, durability and moisture content. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St Joseph, MI. pp 567-569.
    • (2003) American Society of Agricultural Engineers , pp. 567-569
    • Standards, A.S.A.E.1
  • 6
    • 0004195527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASAE S269.4 DEC 01, ASAE Power and Machinery Division, 2950 Niles Rd, St. Joseph, MI, USA
    • ASAE Standards. 2001. ASAE S269.4 DEC 01 - ASAE Power and Machinery Division, 2950 Niles Rd., St. Joseph, MI, USA
    • (2001) ASAE Standards
  • 7
    • 84905536416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standard Test Method for Determining Flammability Characteristics of Plastics and Other Solid Materials Using Microscale Combustion Calorimetry
    • ASTM D7309 - 07a: Standard Test Method for Determining Flammability Characteristics of Plastics and Other Solid Materials Using Microscale Combustion Calorimetry.
    • ASTM D7309 - 07a
  • 9
    • 0001691553 scopus 로고
    • The bonding mechanism in hardboard manufacture
    • Back, E.L. 1987. The bonding mechanism in hardboard manufacture, Holzforschung 41 247-258.
    • (1987) Holzforschung , vol.41 , pp. 247-258
    • Back, E.L.1
  • 11
    • 0021183789 scopus 로고
    • Effects of species and wood to bark ratio on pelleting of southern woods
    • Bradfield, J and M.P. Levi 1984. Effects of species and wood to bark ratio on pelleting of southern woods, Forest Products Journal, 34 61-63.
    • (1984) Forest Products Journal , vol.34 , pp. 61-63
    • Bradfield, J.1    Levi, M.P.2
  • 13
    • 84905548614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Esaki, H., T. Satake and G. Kangquan. 1987. Studies on pelletization of biomass materials. Reports of special project research of the ministry of education, science and culture, Japan. SPEY25, 141-146.
    • Esaki, H., T. Satake and G. Kangquan. 1987. Studies on pelletization of biomass materials. Reports of special project research of the ministry of education, science and culture, Japan. SPEY25, 141-146.
  • 14
    • 0015615309 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous heating in piled wood chips-contribution of bacteria
    • Feist, W. C., E.L. Springer and G.J. Hajny. 1973. Spontaneous heating in piled wood chips-contribution of bacteria. Tappi, 56 (4) 148-151.
    • (1973) Tappi , vol.56 , Issue.4 , pp. 148-151
    • Feist, W.C.1    Springer, E.L.2    Hajny, G.J.3
  • 15
    • 0000726913 scopus 로고
    • Thermal softening of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose
    • Goring, D.A.I. 1963. Thermal softening of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose. Pulp and Paper Magazine of Canada, 64 517-527.
    • (1963) Pulp and Paper Magazine of Canada , vol.64 , pp. 517-527
    • Goring, D.A.I.1
  • 16
    • 26444611906 scopus 로고
    • Neue Ergebnisse in Theorie und Praxis der Herstellung von Lignoplasten
    • Hamar, K. 1965. Neue Ergebnisse in Theorie und Praxis der Herstellung von Lignoplasten. Holztechnologie, 6, 105-113.
    • (1965) Holztechnologie , vol.6 , pp. 105-113
    • Hamar, K.1
  • 17
    • 0014972739 scopus 로고
    • Rapid oxidation of the fats and resins in Pinus radiata chips for pitch control
    • Hemingway, R. W., P. J. Nelson and W. E. Hillis. 1971. Rapid oxidation of the fats and resins in Pinus radiata chips for pitch control. TAPPI Press 54: 95-98.
    • (1971) TAPPI Press , vol.54 , pp. 95-98
    • Hemingway, R.W.1    Nelson, P.J.2    Hillis, W.E.3
  • 18
    • 3042794041 scopus 로고
    • Lipids in sap and heartwood of Picea abies (L.) Karst. Z
    • Hoell, W. and K. Piezconka. 1978. Lipids in sap and heartwood of Picea abies (L.) Karst. Z Pflantzenphysiol 87: 191-198.
    • (1978) Pflantzenphysiol , vol.87 , pp. 191-198
    • Hoell, W.1    Piezconka, K.2
  • 19
    • 60749127909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting strength and durability of densified biomass products
    • doi:10.1016/j.biombioe. 2008.08.005
    • Kaliyan, N and R. Vance Morey. 2008. Factors affecting strength and durability of densified biomass products. Biomass and Bioenergy, doi:10.1016/j.biombioe. 2008.08.005.
    • (2008) Biomass and Bioenergy
    • Kaliyan, N.1    Vance Morey, R.2
  • 20
    • 0009713422 scopus 로고
    • Densification of water hyacinth - basic data
    • Köser, H.J.K., G. Schmalsteig, and W. Siemens.1982. Densification of water hyacinth - basic data. Fuel, 67, 791-798.
    • (1982) Fuel , vol.67 , pp. 791-798
    • Köser, H.J.K.1    Schmalsteig, G.2    Siemens, W.3
  • 22
    • 0020167907 scopus 로고
    • Air convection in self heating piles of wood chips
    • Kuber, H. 1982. Air convection in self heating piles of wood chips. TAPPI 65:79-83.
    • (1982) TAPPI , vol.65 , pp. 79-83
    • Kuber, H.1
  • 23
    • 30344440172 scopus 로고
    • Generation of heat on wood between 80° and 130°C
    • Kuber, H., Y-R.Wang and D. Barkalow. 1985. Generation of heat on wood between 80° and 130°C. Holzforschung. 39, 85-89.
    • (1985) Holzforschung , vol.39 , pp. 85-89
    • Kuber, H.1    Wang, Y.-R.2    Barkalow, D.3
  • 24
    • 0000874012 scopus 로고
    • Heat generating processes as cause of spontaneous ignition in forest products
    • Kubler, H. 1987. Heat generating processes as cause of spontaneous ignition in forest products, Forest Products Abstracts, 10, (11), 299-327.
    • (1987) Forest Products Abstracts , vol.10 , Issue.11 , pp. 299-327
    • Kubler, H.1
  • 26
    • 26444474377 scopus 로고
    • Utilization and processing of forest energy,
    • Technical Research Center of Finland, 41, 1-53
    • Kytö, M and M. Äijälä. 1981. Utilization and processing of forest energy, Technical Research Center of Finland. Research Reports, 41, 1-53.
    • (1981) Research Reports
    • Kytö, M.1    Äijälä, M.2
  • 28
    • 0035000080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality properties of pelletized sawdust, logging residues and bark
    • Lehtikangas, P. 2001. Quality properties of pelletized sawdust, logging residues and bark. Biomass and Bioenergy 20: 351-360.
    • (2001) Biomass and Bioenergy , vol.20 , pp. 351-360
    • Lehtikangas, P.1
  • 29
    • 0028897709 scopus 로고
    • Carbon monoxide generation from hydrocarbons at ambient and physiological temperature: A sensitive indicator of oxidant damage?
    • Levitt, M. D., C. Ellis, J. Springfield and R. R. Engel. 1995. Carbon monoxide generation from hydrocarbons at ambient and physiological temperature: a sensitive indicator of oxidant damage? Journal of Chromatography 695: 324-328.
    • (1995) Journal of Chromatography , vol.695 , pp. 324-328
    • Levitt, M.D.1    Ellis, C.2    Springfield, J.3    Engel, R.R.4
  • 30
    • 0036022018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutral lipids and phospholipids in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sapwood and heartwood
    • Piispanen, R and P. Saranpaa. 2002. Neutral lipids and phospholipids in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sapwood and heartwood. Tree Physiologyl, 22:661-6.
    • (2002) Tree Physiologyl , vol.22 , pp. 661-666
    • Piispanen, R.1    Saranpaa, P.2
  • 31
    • 84905547832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shankar T. J., K. Xingya, S. Sokhansanj, C.J. Lim, X. Bi, and S. Melin. 2007. Studies on Off-Gassing during Storage of Wood Pellets. ASABE Paper No. 071022: ASABE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 17-20, 2007.
    • Shankar T. J., K. Xingya, S. Sokhansanj, C.J. Lim, X. Bi, and S. Melin. 2007. Studies on Off-Gassing during Storage of Wood Pellets. ASABE Paper No. 071022: ASABE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 17-20, 2007.
  • 32
    • 84905541779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shankar T. J., K. Xingya, S. Sokhansanj, C.J. Lim, X. Bi, and S. Melin. 2008. Effect of storage temperature on off-gassing and physical properties of wood pellets. ASABE Paper No.084248: ASABE, Providence, Rhode Island, June 29-July 2, 2008
    • Shankar T. J., K. Xingya, S. Sokhansanj, C.J. Lim, X. Bi, and S. Melin. 2008. Effect of storage temperature on off-gassing and physical properties of wood pellets. ASABE Paper No.084248: ASABE, Providence, Rhode Island, June 29-July 2, 2008
  • 34
    • 33749014726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of Ash in Biomass, Laboratory Analytical Procedure (LAP)
    • Technical Report, NREL/TP-510-42622
    • Sluiter, A., B. Harnes, R. Ruiz, C. Scarlata, J. Sluiter and D. Templeton. 2008. Determination of Ash in Biomass, Laboratory Analytical Procedure (LAP), Technical Report, NREL/TP-510-42622.
    • (2008)
    • Sluiter, A.1    Harnes, B.2    Ruiz, R.3    Scarlata, C.4    Sluiter, J.5    Templeton, D.6
  • 35
    • 85072421768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a durability tester for pelleted and cubed animal feed
    • 1999-01-2830. Society of Automotive Engineers Inc, Warrendale, PA
    • Sokhansanj, S and W.J. Crerar. 1999. Development of a durability tester for pelleted and cubed animal feed. SAE Technical Paper Series- 1999-01-2830. Society of Automotive Engineers Inc, Warrendale, PA.
    • (1999) SAE Technical Paper Series
    • Sokhansanj, S.1    Crerar, W.J.2
  • 36
    • 0014706249 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous heating in piled wood chips
    • Springer, E. L and G. J. Hajny. 1970. Spontaneous heating in piled wood chips. TAPPI. 53: 85-86.
    • (1970) TAPPI , vol.53 , pp. 85-86
    • Springer, E.L.1    Hajny, G.J.2
  • 38
    • 44949129808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hazardous off-gassing of carbon monoxide and oxygen depletion during ocean transportation of wood pellets
    • Svedberg, U.R.A., J. Samuelsson and S. Melin. 2008. Hazardous off-gassing of carbon monoxide and oxygen depletion during ocean transportation of wood pellets. Annals of Occupational Health and Hygiene, 52, 4, pp 259-266.
    • (2008) Annals of Occupational Health and Hygiene , vol.52 , Issue.4 , pp. 259-266
    • Svedberg, U.R.A.1    Samuelsson, J.2    Melin, S.3
  • 39
    • 3042795659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emission of hexanal and carbon monoxide from storage of wood pellets, a potential occupational and domestic health hazard
    • Svedberg, U. R. A., H. E. Hogberg, J. Hogberg and B. Galle. 2004. Emission of hexanal and carbon monoxide from storage of wood pellets, a potential occupational and domestic health hazard. Annals of Occupational Health and Hygiene 48:339-349.
    • (2004) Annals of Occupational Health and Hygiene , vol.48 , pp. 339-349
    • Svedberg, U.R.A.1    Hogberg, H.E.2    Hogberg, J.3    Galle, B.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.