Relationship initiation and formation on the internet

Marriage and Family Review

Volumn 45, Issue 7-8, 2009, Pages 761-782

  Sprecher, Susan ^a  

^a ILLINOIS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Internet matchmaking services; Online dating; Relationship initiation

Indexed keywords

EID: 77649199613     PISSN: 01494929     EISSN: 15409635     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01494920903224350     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Ahuvia, A. C., & Adelman, M. B. (1992). Formal intermediaries in the marriage market: A typology and review. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54(2), 452-463.
2. Albright, J. M. (2007). How do I love thee and thee: Self-presentation, deception, and multiple relationships online. In M. T. Whitty, A. J. Baker, & J. A. Inman (Eds.), Online matching (pp. 81-93). Hampshire, England: Palgrave Macmillan.
3. Baker, A. (1998, July). Cyberspace couples finding romance online then meeting for the first time in real life. CMC Magazine. Retrieved June 15, 2007 from http://www.december.com/cmc/mag/1998/jul/baker.html.
4. Baker, A. J. (2007). Expressing emotion in text: Email communication of online couples. In M. T. Whitty, A. J. Baker, & J. A. Inman (Eds.), Online matchmaking (pp. 97-111). Hampshire, England: Palgravae Macmillan.
5. Bargh, J. A., McKenna, K. Y. A., & Fitzsimons, G. M. (2002). Can you see the real me? Activation and expression of the "true self" on the Internet. Journal of Social Issues, 58(1), 33-48.
6. Baxter, L. A., & West, L. (2003). Couple perceptions of their similarities and differences: A dialectical perspective. Journal of Personal and Social Relationships, 20(4), 491-514.
7. Berscheid, E., Dion, K. K., Walster [Hatfield], E., & Walster, G. W. (1971). Physical attractiveness and dating choice: A test of the matching hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 7(2), 173-189.
8. Berscheid, E., & Graziano, W. (1979). The initiation of social relationships and interpersonal attraction. In R. L. Burgess & T. L. Huston (Eds.), Social exchange in developing relationships (pp. 31-60). New York: Academic Press.
9. Berscheid, E., & Regan, P. (2005). The psychology of interpersonal relationships. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
10. Boase, J., & Wellman, B. (2006). Personal relationships: On and off the Internet. In A. L. Vangelisti & D. Perlman (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of personal relationships (pp. 709-723). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
11. Boyd, D. (2006). Friends, friendsters, and top 8: Writing community into being on social network sites. First Monday. Retrieved June 15, 2007 from http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue11_12/boyd/index.html.
12. Byrne, D. (1971). The attraction paradigm. New York: Academic Press.
13. Buss, D. M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 12(1), 1-49.
14. Cooper, A., & Sportolari, L. (1997). Romance in cyberspace: Understanding online attraction. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy, 22(1), 7-14.
15. Donn, J. E., & Sherman, R. C. (2002). Attitudes and practices regarding the formation of romantic relationships on the Internet. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 5(2), 107-123.
16. Eastwick, P. W., & Finkel, E. J. (2008). Speed dating: A powerful and flexible paradigm for studying romantic relationship initiation. In S. Sprecher, A. Wenzel, & J. Harvey (Eds.), Handbook of relationship initiation (pp. 217-234). New York: Psychology Press/Taylor & Francis.
17. eHarmony Press Release. (June 30, 2006). Over 90 singles marry every day on average at eHarmony. Retrieved June 15, 2007 from http://www.eharmony.com/serlet/press/release?id=45.
18. eHarmony Press Release. (August 22, 2006). eHarmony celebrates six years of building successful relationships. Retrieved June 15, 2007 from http://www.eharmony.com/servlet/press/release?id=49.
19. Goffman, E. (1952). On cooling the mark out: Some aspects of adaptation to failure. Psychiatry, 15, 451-463.
20. Gottlieb, L. (2006). How do I love thee? The Atlantic Monthly, March, 58-70.
21. Harris Interactive Press Release. (February 9, 2006). More think it is important to give than to receive on Valentine's Day according to new survey. Retrieved June 15, 2007 from http://www.harrisinteractive.com/news/allnewsbydate.asp?NewsID=1018.
22. Hatfield, E., & Sprecher, S. (1986). Mirror, mirror: The importance of looks in everyday life. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
23. Hatfield, E., & Sprecher, S. (2009). Matching hypothesis. In H. T. Reis & S. Sprecher (Eds.), Encyclopedia of human relationships (Vol. 2, pp. 1065-1067). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
24. Henderson, S., & Gilding, M. (2004). "I've never clicked this much with anyone in my life": Trust and hyperpersonal communication in online friendships. New Media & Society, 6(4), 487-506.
25. Hitsch, G. J., Hortacsu, A., & Ariely, D. (2006). What makes you click? Mate preferences and matching outcomes in online dating. Retrieved June 15, 2007 from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=895442.
26. Houran, J., Lange, R., Rentfrow, J. P., & Bruckner, K. H. (2004). Do online matchmaking tests work? An assessment of preliminary evidence for a publicized "predictive model of marital success." North American Journal of Psychology, 6(3), 507-526.
27. Joinson, A. N. (2001). Self-disclosure in computer-mediated communication: The role of self-awareness and visual anonymity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 177-192.
28. Kelley, H. H., Berscheid, E., Christensen, A., Harvey, J. H., Huston, T. L., & Levinger, G. et al. (1983). Analyzing close relationships. In H. H. Kelley et al (Eds.), Close relationships (pp. 20-67). New York: W. H. Freeman.
29. Koestner, R., & Wheeler, L. (1988). Self-presentation in personal advertisements: The influence of implicit notions of attraction and role expectations. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 5(2), 149-160.
30. Kurzban, R., & Weeden, J. (2005). HurryDate: Mate preferences in action. Evolution and Human Behavior, 26(3), 227-244.
31. Kurzban, R., & Weeden, J. (2007). Do advertised preferences predict the behavior of speed daters? Personal Relationships, 14(4), 623-632.
32. Laumann, E. O., Gagnon, J. H., Michael, R. T., & Michaels, S. (1994). The social organization of sexuality: Sexual practices in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
33. Levinger, G. (1974). A three-level approach to attraction: Toward an understanding of pair relatedness. In T. L. Huston (Ed.), Foundations of interpersonal attraction (pp. 99-120). New York: Academic Press.
34. Levinger, G., & Snoek, J. D. (1972). Attraction in relationships: A new look at interpersonal attraction. Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.
35. Madden, M., & Lenhart, A. (2006). Online dating. Washington, DC: Report for the Pew Internet & American Life Project. Retrieved June 15, 2007 from http://www.pewinternet.org
36. McCown, J. A., Fischer, D., Page, R., & Homant, M. (2001). Internet relationships: People who meet people. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4(5), 593-596.
37. McKenna, K. Y. A. (2007). A progressive affair: Online dating to real world mating. In M. T. Whitty, A. J. Baker, & J. A. Inman (Eds.), Online matchmaking (pp. 112-124). Hampshire, England: Palgravae Macmillan.
38. McKenna, K. Y. A. (2008). MySpace or your place: Relationship initiation and development in the wire and wireless world. In S. Sprecher, A. Wenzel, & J. Harvey (Eds.), Handbook of relationship initiation (pp. 235-248). New York: Psychology Press/Taylor & Francis.
39. McKenna, K. Y. A., Green, A. S., & Gleason, M. E. J. (2002). Relationship formation on the Internet: What's the big attraction? Journal of Social Issues, 58(1), 9-31.
40. Merkle, E. R., & Richardson, R. A. (2000). Digital dating and virtual relating: Conceptualizing computer mediated romantic relationships. Family Relations, 49(2), 187-192.
41. Miller, R. S., Perlman, D., & Brehm, S. S. (2007). Intimate relationships. Boston: McGraw Hill.
42. Murstein, B. I. (1970). Stimulus-value-role: A theory of marital choice. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 32(3), 465-481.
43. Norton, M. I., Frost, J. H., & Ariely, D. (2007). Less is more: The lure of ambiguity, or why familiarity breeds contempt. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(1), 97-105.
44. Orbuch, T., & Sprecher, S. (2003). Attraction and interpersonal relationships. In J. DeLamater (Ed.), Handbook of social psychology: Sociological perspectives (pp. 339-362). New York: Kluwer-Plenum.
45. Orenstein, S. (2003, August 1). The love algorithm Match.com thinks it has found a formula for ruling the online dating business: A scientific way to find Mr. or Ms. Right. Business 2.0 Magazine. Retrieved June 15, 2007 from http://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/2003/08.
46. Parks, M. R. (2007). Personal relationships and personal networks. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
47. Parks, M. R., & Floyd, K. (1996). Making friends in cyberspace. Journal of Communication, 46(1), 80-97.
48. Parks, M. R., & Roberts, L. D. (1998). "Making MOOsic": The development of personal relationships online and a comparison to their off-line counterparts. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15(4), 517-537.
49. Rabby, M. K., & Walther, J. B. (2002). Computer-mediated communication impacts on relationship formation and maintenance. In D. Canary & M. Dainton (Eds.), Maintaining relationships through communication: Relational, contextual, and cultural variations (pp. 141-162). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
50. Rusbult, C. E., Arriaga, X. B., & Agnew, C. R. (2001). Interdependence in close relationships. In G. J. O. Fletcher & M. S. Clark (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Interpersonal processes (pp. 359-387). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
51. Schmeeckle, M., & Sprecher, S. (2004). Extended family and social networks. In A. Vangelisti (Ed.), Handbook of family communication (pp. 349-375). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
52. Sheeks, M., & Birchmeier, Z. (2007). Shyness, sociability, and the use of computer-mediated communication in relationship development. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(1), 64-70.
53. Simpson, J. A., & Harris, B. A. (1994). Interpersonal attraction. In A. L. Weber & J. H. Harvey (Eds), Perspectives on close relationships (pp. 45-66). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
54. Sprecher, S., Felmlee, D., Orbuch, T. L., & Willetts, M. C. (2002). Social networks and change in personal relationships. In A. Vangelisti, H. Reis, & M. A. Fitzpatrick (Eds.), Stability and change in relationships (pp. 257-284). Cambridge Publishers.
55. Sprecher, S., & Regan, P. C. (2002). Liking some things (in some people) more than others: Partner preferences in romantic relationships and friendships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 19(4), 463-481.
56. Sprecher, S., Schwartz, P., Harvey, J., & Hatfield, E. (2008). Thebusinessoflove.com: Relationship initiation at Internet matchmaking services. In S. Sprecher, A. Wenzel, & J. Harvey (Eds.), Handbook of relationship initiation (pp. 249265). New York: Psychology Press/Taylor & Francis.
57. Sprecher, S., Sullivan, Q., & Hatfield, E. (1994). Mate selection preferences: Gender differences examined in a national sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(6), 1074-1080.
58. Thibaut, J. W., & Kelley, H. H. (1959). The social psychology of groups. New York: Wiley.
59. Thompson, M., Zimbardo, P., & Hutchinson, G. (2005). Consumers are having second thoughts about online dating. Retrieved June 15, 2007 from weAttract.com,Inc.
60. Utz, S. (2000). Social information processing in MUDs: The development of friendships in virtual worlds. Journal of Online Behavior, 1.
61. Walther, J. B. (1996). Computer-mediated communication: Impersonal, interpersonal, and hyperpersonal interaction. Communication Research, 23, 3-43.
62. Walther, J. B., & Parks, M. R. (2002). Cues filtered out, cues filtered in: Computermediated communication and relationships. In M. L. Knapp & J. A. Daly (Eds.), Handbook of interpersonal communication (3rd ed., pp. 529-563). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
63. Whitty, M. T. (2005). The 'realness' of cyber-cheating: Men's and women's representations of unfaithful internet relationships. Social Science Computer Review, 23(1), 57-67.
64. Whitty, M. T. (2007). The art of selling one's "self" on an online dating site: The BAR approach. In M. T. Whitty, A. J. Baker, & J. A. Inman (Eds.), Online matching (pp. 57-69). Hampshire, England: Palgrave Macmillan.
65. Whitty, M., Baker, A. J., & Inman, J. A. (Eds.) (2007). Online matching. Hampshire, England: Palgrave Macmillan.
66. Whitty, M. T., & Carr, A. N. (2006). Cyberspace romance: The psychology of online relationships. Basingstroke, England: Palgrave Macmillan.
67. Whitty, M., & Gavin, J. (2001). Age/sex/location: Uncovering the social cues in the development of online relationships. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 4(5), 623-630.
68. Wildermuth, S. M. (2004). The effects of stigmatizing discourse on the quality of on-line relationships. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7(1), 73-84.
69. Woll, S. (1986). So many to choose from: Decision strategies in videodating. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 3(1), 43-53.
70. Woll, S., & Cozby, P. (1987). Videodating and other alternatives to traditional methods of relationship initiation. In W. Jones & D. Perlman (Eds.), Advances in personal relationships (Vol. 1, pp. 69-109). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
71. Wysocki, D. K. (1996). Somewhere over the modem: Relationships over computer bulletin boards. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of California, Santa Barbara.
72. Wysocki, D. K. (1998). Let your fingers do the talking. Sex on an adult chat-line. Sexualities, 1, 425-452.
73. Yum, Y.-O., & Hara, K. (2005). Computer-mediated relationship development: A cross-cultural comparison. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11.