메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 8-16

Current developments in intraspinal agents for cancer and noncancer pain

Author keywords

Intrathecal drug delivery; Ziconotide

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE; ANALGESIC AGENT; ANALGESIC, ANTIINFLAMMATORY, ANTIRHEUMATIC AND ANTIGOUT AGENTS; BUPIVACAINE; BUPRENORPHINE; CGX 1160; CLONIDINE; FENTANYL; GABAPENTIN; HYDROMORPHONE; KETOROLAC; MIDAZOLAM; MORPHINE; NEOSTIGMINE; OCTREOTIDE; OMEGA CONOTOXIN CVID; OMEGA CONOTOXIN MVIIA; P SAPORIN; PETHIDINE; PLACEBO; RESINIFERATOXIN; ROPIVACAINE; SAPORIN; SUFENTANIL; TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; XEN 2174;

EID: 77649186185     PISSN: 15313433     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11916-009-0092-z     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (32)

References (66)
  • 2
    • 34748814292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyanalgesic Consensus Conference 2007 recommendations for the management of pain by intrathecal (intraspinal) drug delivery: Report of an interdisciplinary expert panel
    • This is the most recent consensus guidelines, a result of a consensus meeting of top experts on spinal drug delivery
    • Deer T, Krames ES, Hassenbusch SJ, et al.: Polyanalgesic Consensus Conference 2007: recommendations for the management of pain by intrathecal (intraspinal) drug delivery: report of an interdisciplinary expert panel. Neuromodulation 2007, 10:300-328. This is the most recent consensus guidelines, a result of a consensus meeting of top experts on spinal drug delivery.
    • (2007) Neuromodulation , vol.10 , pp. 300-328
    • Deer, T.1    Krames, E.S.2    Hassenbusch, S.J.3
  • 3
    • 0033824077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical guidelines for intraspinal infusion: Report of an expert panel PolyAnalgesic Consensus Conference 2000
    • Bennett G, Burchiel K, Buchser E, et al.: Clinical guidelines for intraspinal infusion: report of an expert panel. PolyAnalgesic Consensus Conference 2000. J Pain Symptom Manage 2000, 20: S37-S43.
    • (2000) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.20
    • Bennett, G.1    Burchiel, K.2    Buchser, E.3
  • 4
    • 2542422772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyanalgesic Consensus Conference 2003: An update on the management of pain by intraspinal drug delivery-report of an expert panel
    • Hassenbusch SJ, Portenoy RK, Cousins M, et al.: Polyanalgesic Consensus Conference 2003: an update on the management of pain by intraspinal drug delivery-report of an expert panel. J Pain Symptom Manage 2004, 27:540-563.
    • (2004) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.27 , pp. 540-563
    • Hassenbusch, S.J.1    Portenoy, R.K.2    Cousins, M.3
  • 5
    • 0033832253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future directions in the management of pain by intraspinal drug delivery
    • Bennett G, Deer T, Du Pen S, et al.: Future directions in the management of pain by intraspinal drug delivery. J Pain Symptom Manage 2000, 20:S44-S50.
    • (2000) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.20
    • Bennett, G.1    Deer, T.2    Du Pen, S.3
  • 6
    • 0035169344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The combined effects of N-type calcium channel blockers and morphine on A delta versus C fiber mediated nociception
    • Pirec V, Laurito CE, Lu Y, Yeomans DC: The combined effects of N-type calcium channel blockers and morphine on A delta versus C fiber mediated nociception. Anesth Analg 2001, 92:239-243.
    • (2001) Anesth Analg , vol.92 , pp. 239-243
    • Pirec, V.1    Laurito, C.E.2    Lu, Y.3    Yeomans, D.C.4
  • 7
    • 33746516663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of intrathecal ziconotide in adults with severe chronic pain
    • Rauck RL, Wallace MS, Leong MS, et al.: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of intrathecal ziconotide in adults with severe chronic pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 2006, 31:393-406.
    • (2006) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.31 , pp. 393-406
    • Rauck, R.L.1    Wallace, M.S.2    Leong, M.S.3
  • 8
    • 9144230737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal ziconotide in the treatment of refractory pain in patients with cancer or AIDS: A randomized controlled trial
    • Staats PS, Yearwood T, Charapata SG, et al.: Intrathecal ziconotide in the treatment of refractory pain in patients with cancer or AIDS: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004, 291:63-70.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 63-70
    • Staats, P.S.1    Yearwood, T.2    Charapata, S.G.3
  • 9
    • 38549174565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal ziconotide for severe chronic pain: Safety and tolerability results of an open-label, long-term trial
    • table of contents
    • Wallace MS, Rauck R, Fisher R, et al.: Intrathecal ziconotide for severe chronic pain: safety and tolerability results of an open-label, long-term trial. Anesth Analg 2008, 106:628-637, table of contents.
    • (2008) Anesth Analg , vol.106 , pp. 628-637
    • Wallace, M.S.1    Rauck, R.2    Fisher, R.3
  • 10
    • 33645794750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal ziconotide in the treatment of chronic nonmalignant pain: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial
    • Wallace MS, Fisher R, Byas-Smith M, et al.: Intrathecal ziconotide in the treatment of chronic nonmalignant pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial. Neuromodulation 2006, 9:75-86.
    • (2006) Neuromodulation , vol.9 , pp. 75-86
    • Wallace, M.S.1    Fisher, R.2    Byas-Smith, M.3
  • 11
    • 41549159805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II, open-label, multicenter study of combined intrathecal morphine and ziconotide: Addition of ziconotide in patients receiving intrathecal morphine for severe chronic pain
    • Wallace MS, Kosek PS, Staats P, et al.: Phase II, open-label, multicenter study of combined intrathecal morphine and ziconotide: addition of ziconotide in patients receiving intrathecal morphine for severe chronic pain. Pain Med 2008, 9:271-281.
    • (2008) Pain Med , vol.9 , pp. 271-281
    • Wallace, M.S.1    Kosek, P.S.2    Staats, P.3
  • 12
    • 41549099649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Open-label, multicenter study of combined intrathecal morphine and ziconotide: Addition of morphine in patients receiving ziconotide for severe chronic pain
    • Webster LR, Fakata KL, Charapata S, et al.: Open-label, multicenter study of combined intrathecal morphine and ziconotide: addition of morphine in patients receiving ziconotide for severe chronic pain. Pain Med 2008, 9:282-290.
    • (2008) Pain Med , vol.9 , pp. 282-290
    • Webster, L.R.1    Fakata, K.L.2    Charapata, S.3
  • 13
    • 77649183974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimizing pain control through the use of implantable pumps
    • Ilias W, Todoroff B: Optimizing pain control through the use of implantable pumps. Med Dev Evid Res 2008, 1:41-47.
    • (2008) Med Dev Evid Res , vol.1 , pp. 41-47
    • Ilias, W.1    Todoroff, B.2
  • 15
    • 77649183214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prialt (ziconotide intrathecal infusion) package insert: Manufactured by Elan Pharmaceuticals, Dublin, Ireland
    • Prialt (ziconotide intrathecal infusion) package insert: Manufactured by Elan Pharmaceuticals, Dublin, Ireland.
  • 16
    • 0023336371 scopus 로고
    • Autoradiographic localisation of alpha 2 adrenoceptor binding sites in the spinal cord of the sheep
    • Bouchenafa O, Livingston A: Autoradiographic localisation of alpha 2 adrenoceptor binding sites in the spinal cord of the sheep. Res Vet Sci 1987, 42:382-386.
    • (1987) Res Vet Sci , vol.42 , pp. 382-386
    • Bouchenafa, O.1    Livingston, A.2
  • 17
    • 0029069930 scopus 로고
    • Epidural clonidine analgesia for intractable cancer pain
    • The Epidural Clonidine Study Group
    • Eisenach JC, DuPen S, Dubois M, et al.: Epidural clonidine analgesia for intractable cancer pain. The Epidural Clonidine Study Group. Pain 1995, 61:391-399.
    • (1995) Pain , vol.61 , pp. 391-399
    • Eisenach, J.C.1    Dupen, S.2    Dubois, M.3
  • 18
    • 0025322522 scopus 로고
    • Subarachnoid bupivacaine analgesia for seven months for a patient with a spinal cord tumor
    • Berde CB, Sethna NF, Conrad LS, et al.: Subarachnoid bupivacaine analgesia for seven months for a patient with a spinal cord tumor. Anesthesiology 1990, 72:1094-1096.
    • (1990) Anesthesiology , vol.72 , pp. 1094-1096
    • Berde, C.B.1    Sethna, N.F.2    Conrad, L.S.3
  • 19
    • 0032836941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of the effective therapeutic dose of intrathecal sufentanil for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
    • Lau WC, Green CR, Faerber GJ, et al.: Determination of the effective therapeutic dose of intrathecal sufentanil for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Anesth Analg 1999, 89:889-892.
    • (1999) Anesth Analg , vol.89 , pp. 889-892
    • Lau, W.C.1    Green, C.R.2    Faerber, G.J.3
  • 20
    • 0031944804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous infusion of opioid and bupivacaine by externalized intrathecal catheters in long-term treatment of 'Refractory' nonmalignant pain
    • DOI 10.1097/00002508-199803000-00004
    • Nitescu P, Dahm P, Appelgren L, Curelaru I: Continuous infusion of opioid and bupivacaine by externalized intrathecal catheters in long-term treatment of "refractory" nonmalignant pain. Clin J Pain 1998, 14:17-28. (Pubitemid 28146045)
    • (1998) Clinical Journal of Pain , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-28
    • Nitescu, P.1    Dahm, P.2    Appelgren, L.3    Curelaru, I.4
  • 21
    • 0019406411 scopus 로고
    • High dose buprenorphine for postoperative analgesia
    • Budd K: High dose buprenorphine for postoperative analgesia. Anaesthesia 1981, 36:900-903.
    • (1981) Anaesthesia , vol.36 , pp. 900-903
    • Budd, K.1
  • 22
    • 33745637706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No neurotoxicity from long-term (>5 years) intrathecal infusion of midazolam in humans
    • Canavero S, Bonicalzi V, Clemente M: No neurotoxicity from long-term (>5 years) intrathecal infusion of midazolam in humans. J Pain Symptom Manage 2006, 32:1-3.
    • (2006) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.32 , pp. 1-3
    • Canavero, S.1    Bonicalzi, V.2    Clemente, M.3
  • 23
    • 2442673083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of intrathecal midazolam in humans: A case study of process
    • Yaksh TL, Allen JW: The use of intrathecal midazolam in humans: a case study of process. Anesth Analg 2006, 98:1536-1545.
    • (2006) Anesth Analg , vol.98 , pp. 1536-1545
    • Yaksh, T.L.1    Allen, J.W.2
  • 24
    • 1642540162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upregulation of spinal cyclooxygenase-2 in rats after surgical incision
    • Kroin JS, Ling ZD, Buvanendran A, Tuman KJ: Upregulation of spinal cyclooxygenase-2 in rats after surgical incision. Anesthesiology 2004, 100:364-369.
    • (2004) Anesthesiology , vol.100 , pp. 364-369
    • Kroin, J.S.1    Ling, Z.D.2    Buvanendran, A.3    Tuman, K.J.4
  • 25
    • 0036803104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase i safety assessment of intrathecal ketorolac
    • Eisenach JC, Curry R, Hood DD, Yaksh TL: Phase I safety assessment of intrathecal ketorolac. Pain 2002, 99:599-604.
    • (2002) Pain , vol.99 , pp. 599-604
    • Eisenach, J.C.1    Curry, R.2    Hood, D.D.3    Yaksh, T.L.4
  • 26
    • 4344563319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal ketorolac in dogs and rats
    • Yaksh TL, Horais KA, Tozier N, et al.: Intrathecal ketorolac in dogs and rats. Toxicol Sci 2004, 80:322-334.
    • (2004) Toxicol Sci , vol.80 , pp. 322-334
    • Yaksh, T.L.1    Horais, K.A.2    Tozier, N.3
  • 27
    • 0030112236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omparative study of intrathecal pethidine versus lignocaine as an anaesthetic and a postoperative analgesic for perianal surgery
    • Chaudhari LS, Kane DG, Shivkumar B, Kamath SK: omparative study of intrathecal pethidine versus lignocaine as an anaesthetic and a postoperative analgesic for perianal surgery. J Postgrad Med 1996, 42:43-45.
    • (1996) J Postgrad Med , vol.42 , pp. 43-45
    • Chaudhari, L.S.1    Kane, D.G.2    Shivkumar, B.3    Kamath, S.K.4
  • 28
    • 23844555120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that gabapentin reduces neuropathic pain by inhibiting the spinal release of glutamate
    • Coderre TJ, Kumar N, Lefebvre CD, Yu JS: Evidence that gabapentin reduces neuropathic pain by inhibiting the spinal release of glutamate. J Neurochem 2005, 94:1131-1139.
    • (2005) J Neurochem , vol.94 , pp. 1131-1139
    • Coderre, T.J.1    Kumar, N.2    Lefebvre, C.D.3    Yu, J.S.4
  • 29
    • 29844450633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antiallodynic action target of intrathecal gabapentin: Ca2+ channels KATP channels or N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors?
    • Cheng JK, Chen CC, Yang JR, Chiou LC: The antiallodynic action target of intrathecal gabapentin: Ca2+ channels, KATP channels or N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors? Anesth Analg 2006, 102:182-187.
    • (2006) Anesth Analg , vol.102 , pp. 182-187
    • Cheng, J.K.1    Chen, C.C.2    Yang, J.R.3    Chiou, L.C.4
  • 30
    • 0032888062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saturable transport of gabapentin at the blood-brain barrier
    • Luer MS, Hamani C, Dujovny M, et al.: Saturable transport of gabapentin at the blood-brain barrier. Neurol Res 1999, 21:559-562.
    • (1999) Neurol Res , vol.21 , pp. 559-562
    • Luer, M.S.1    Hamani, C.2    Dujovny, M.3
  • 31
    • 23744441062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of continuous intrathecal infusion of octreotide in patients with chronic pain of noncancer origin: An evaluation of side-effects and toxicity in a prospective double-blind fashion
    • Deer T, Kim CK, Bowman RG, et al.: The use of continuous intrathecal infusion of octreotide in patients with chronic pain of noncancer origin: an evaluation of side-effects and toxicity in a prospective double-blind fashion. Neuromodulation 2005, 8:171-175.
    • (2005) Neuromodulation , vol.8 , pp. 171-175
    • Deer, T.1    Kim, C.K.2    Bowman, R.G.3
  • 32
    • 0036805938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of intrathecal octreotide on thermal hyperalgesia and evoked spinal c-Fos expression in rats with sciatic constriction injury
    • Tsai YC, So EC, Chen HH, et al.: Effect of intrathecal octreotide on thermal hyperalgesia and evoked spinal c-Fos expression in rats with sciatic constriction injury. Pain 2002, 99:407-413.
    • (2002) Pain , vol.99 , pp. 407-413
    • Tsai, Y.C.1    So, E.C.2    Chen, H.H.3
  • 33
    • 0029977580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraspinal morphine for chronic pain: A retrospective, multicenter study
    • Paice JA, Penn RD, Shott S: Intraspinal morphine for chronic pain: a retrospective, multicenter study. J Pain Symptom Manage 1996, 11:71-80.
    • (1996) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.11 , pp. 71-80
    • Paice, J.A.1    Penn, R.D.2    Shott, S.3
  • 34
    • 33748670490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles of adenosine receptor subtypes in the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal adenosine in a rat formalin test
    • Yoon MH, Bae HB, Choi JI, et al.: Roles of adenosine receptor subtypes in the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal adenosine in a rat formalin test. Pharmacology 2006, 78:21-26.
    • (2006) Pharmacology , vol.78 , pp. 21-26
    • Yoon, M.H.1    Bae, H.B.2    Choi, J.I.3
  • 35
    • 1442274901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal but not intravenous opioids release adenosine from the spinal cord
    • Eisenach JC, Hood DD, Curry R, et al.: Intrathecal but not intravenous opioids release adenosine from the spinal cord. J Pain 2004, 5:64-68.
    • (2004) J Pain , vol.5 , pp. 64-68
    • Eisenach, J.C.1    Hood, D.D.2    Curry, R.3
  • 36
    • 27644588679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenosine reduces glutamate release in rat spinal synaptosomes
    • Li X, Eisenach JC: Adenosine reduces glutamate release in rat spinal synaptosomes. Anesthesiology 2005, 103:1060-1065.
    • (2005) Anesthesiology , vol.103 , pp. 1060-1065
    • Li, X.1    Eisenach, J.C.2
  • 37
    • 33646518137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of intrathecal adenosine for postoperative pain relief
    • Sharma M, Mohta M, Chawla R: Efficacy of intrathecal adenosine for postoperative pain relief. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2006, 23:449-453.
    • (2006) Eur J Anaesthesiol , vol.23 , pp. 449-453
    • Sharma, M.1    Mohta, M.2    Chawla, R.3
  • 38
    • 23144453122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical application of adenosine and ATP for pain control
    • Hayashida M, Fukuda K, Fukunaga A: Clinical application of adenosine and ATP for pain control. J Anesth 2005, 19:225-235.
    • (2005) J Anesth , vol.19 , pp. 225-235
    • Hayashida, M.1    Fukuda, K.2    Fukunaga, A.3
  • 39
    • 0033050519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The safety and efficacy of intrathecal adenosine in patients with chronic neuropathic pain
    • Belfrage M, Segerdahl M, Arńr S, Sollevi A: The safety and efficacy of intrathecal adenosine in patients with chronic neuropathic pain. Anesth Analg 1999, 89:136-142.
    • (1999) Anesth Analg , vol.89 , pp. 136-142
    • Belfrage, M.1    Segerdahl, M.2    Arńr, S.3    Sollevi, A.4
  • 40
    • 0028987038 scopus 로고
    • An A1-selective adenosine agonist abolishes allodynia elicited by vibration and touch after intrathecal injection
    • Karlsten R, Gordh T Jr: An A1-selective adenosine agonist abolishes allodynia elicited by vibration and touch after intrathecal injection. Anesth Analg 1995, 80:844-847.
    • (1995) Anesth Analg , vol.80 , pp. 844-847
    • Karlsten, R.1    Gordh Jr., T.2
  • 41
    • 0031795426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal adenosine administration: A phase 1 clinical safety study in healthy volunteers, with additional evaluation of its influence on sensory thresholds and experimental pain
    • discussion 1109A
    • Rane K, Segerdahl M, Goiny M, Sollevi A: Intrathecal adenosine administration: a phase 1 clinical safety study in healthy volunteers, with additional evaluation of its influence on sensory thresholds and experimental pain. Anesthesiology 1998, 89:1108- 1115; discussion 1109A.
    • (1998) Anesthesiology , vol.89 , pp. 1108-1115
    • Rane, K.1    Segerdahl, M.2    Goiny, M.3    Sollevi, A.4
  • 42
    • 41749102879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future directions for intrathecal pain management: A review and update from the Interdisciplinary Polyanalgesic Consensus Conference 2007
    • Deer T, Krames ES, Hassenbusch S, et al.: Future directions for intrathecal pain management: a review and update from the Interdisciplinary Polyanalgesic Consensus Conference 2007. Neuromodulation 2008, 11:92-97.
    • (2008) Neuromodulation , vol.11 , pp. 92-97
    • Deer, T.1    Krames, E.S.2    Hassenbusch, S.3
  • 43
    • 27644439887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-allodynic efficacy of the chi-conopeptide, Xen2174, in rats with neuropathic pain
    • Nielsen CK, Lewis RJ, Alewood D, et al.: Anti-allodynic efficacy of the chi-conopeptide, Xen2174, in rats with neuropathic pain. Pain 2005, 118:112-124.
    • (2005) Pain , vol.118 , pp. 112-124
    • Nielsen, C.K.1    Lewis, R.J.2    Alewood, D.3
  • 44
    • 0033523442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidural resiniferatoxin induced prolonged regional analgesia to pain
    • Szabo T, Olah Z, Iadarola MJ, Blumberg PM: Epidural resiniferatoxin induced prolonged regional analgesia to pain. Brain Res 1999, 840:92-98.
    • (1999) Brain Res , vol.840 , pp. 92-98
    • Szabo, T.1    Olah, Z.2    Iadarola, M.J.3    Blumberg, P.M.4
  • 46
    • 33645814178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety evaluation of intrathecal substance P-saporin, a targeted neurotoxin, in dogs
    • Allen JW, Mantyh PW, Horais K, et al.: Safety evaluation of intrathecal substance P-saporin, a targeted neurotoxin, in dogs. Toxicol Sci 2006, 91:286-298.
    • (2006) Toxicol Sci , vol.91 , pp. 286-298
    • Allen, J.W.1    Mantyh, P.W.2    Horais, K.3
  • 47
    • 41949122732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance P receptor-expressing dorsal horn neurons: Lessons from the targeted cytotoxin, substance P-saporin
    • Wiley RG: Substance P receptor-expressing dorsal horn neurons: lessons from the targeted cytotoxin, substance P-saporin. Pain 2008, 136:7-10.
    • (2008) Pain , vol.136 , pp. 7-10
    • Wiley, R.G.1
  • 48
    • 0036789538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized clinical trial of an implantable drug delivery system compared with comprehensive medical management for refractory cancer pain: Impact on pain, drugrelated toxicity, and survival
    • Smith TJ, Staats PS, Deer T, et al.: Randomized clinical trial of an implantable drug delivery system compared with comprehensive medical management for refractory cancer pain: impact on pain, drugrelated toxicity, and survival. J Clin Oncol 2002, 20:4040-4049.
    • (2002) J Clin Oncol , vol.20 , pp. 4040-4049
    • Smith, T.J.1    Staats, P.S.2    Deer, T.3
  • 49
    • 0019449982 scopus 로고
    • Studies in the primate on the analgetic effects associated with intrathecal actions of opiates, alpha-adrenergic agonists and baclofen
    • Yaksh TL, Reddy SV: Studies in the primate on the analgetic effects associated with intrathecal actions of opiates, alpha-adrenergic agonists and baclofen. Anesthesiology 1981, 54:451-467.
    • (1981) Anesthesiology , vol.54 , pp. 451-467
    • Yaksh, T.L.1    Reddy, S.V.2
  • 50
    • 0034020506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term intraspinal drug therapy: A review
    • Wallace MS, Yaksh TL: Long-term intraspinal drug therapy: a review. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2000, 25:117-157.
    • (2000) Reg Anesth Pain Med , vol.25 , pp. 117-157
    • Wallace, M.S.1    Yaksh, T.L.2
  • 51
    • 0000705975 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of spinal modulatory receptor systems
    • Edited by Fields HL, Liebeskind JC. Seattle: IASP Press
    • Yaksh TL, Malmberg, AB: Interaction of spinal modulatory receptor systems. In Progress in Pain Research and Management, vol 1. Edited by Fields HL, Liebeskind JC. Seattle: IASP Press; 1994:151-171.
    • (1994) Progress in Pain Research and Management , vol.1 , pp. 151-171
    • Yaksh, T.L.1    Malmberg, A.B.2
  • 54
    • 84870009479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • InSet Technologies Inc. . Available at Accessed December 2009
    • InSet Technologies, Inc.: Information on file with the company. Available at http://www.insetinc.com. Accessed December 2009.
    • Information on File with the Company
  • 55
    • 77649179791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-center evaluation of drug delivery accuracy with the Prometra intrathecal infusion pump
    • Rosen S, Deer T, Rauck R, et al.: Multi-center evaluation of drug delivery accuracy with the Prometra intrathecal infusion pump. Pain Med 2009, 10:124.
    • (2009) Pain Med , vol.10 , pp. 124
    • Rosen, S.1    Deer, T.2    Rauck, R.3
  • 58
    • 84870042707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of morphine sulfate infusion via the Prometra® intrathecal infusion pump. A prospective multicenter evaluation
    • New York NY; March 15
    • Berg A, Barsa T, Deer T, et al.: Efficacy of morphine sulfate infusion via the Prometra® intrathecal infusion pump. A prospective multicenter evaluation. Presented at the 5th World Congress Institute of Pain. New York, NY; March 15, 2009.
    • (2009) Presented at the 5th World Congress Institute of Pain
    • Berg, A.1    Barsa, T.2    Deer, T.3
  • 59
  • 60
    • 84870043907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at. Accessed December 2009
    • Smith Medical: Infusion systems. Available at http://www.smithsmedical. com/products/infusion/. Accessed December 2009.
    • Smith Medical: Infusion Systems
  • 61
    • 84869995166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at. Accessed December 2009
    • US Food and Drug Administration: PMA: premarket approval. Available at http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMA/PMA.cfm?ID=4499. Accessed December 2009.
    • PMA: Premarket Approval
  • 62
    • 43449126545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OPTiMa study group: Patient-controlled analgesia in chronic pain patients: Experience with a new device designed to be used with implanted programmable pumps
    • Ilias W, le Polain B, Buchser E, Demartini L; oPTiMa study group: Patient-controlled analgesia in chronic pain patients: experience with a new device designed to be used with implanted programmable pumps. Pain Pract 2008, 8:164-170.
    • (2008) Pain Pract , vol.8 , pp. 164-170
    • Ilias, W.1    Le Polain, B.2    Buchser, E.3    Demartini, L.4
  • 63
    • 0036094389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making a case for programmable pumps over fixed rate pumps for the management of fluctuations in chronic pain and spasticity: A literature review
    • Rainov NG, Buchser E: Making a case for programmable pumps over fixed rate pumps for the management of fluctuations in chronic pain and spasticity: a literature review. Neuromodulation 2002, 5:88-99.
    • (2002) Neuromodulation , vol.5 , pp. 88-99
    • Rainov, N.G.1    Buchser, E.2
  • 64
    • 70349696391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality associated with implantation and management of intrathecal opioid drug infusion systems to treat noncancer pain
    • Coffey RJ, Owens ML, Broste SK, et al.: Mortality associated with implantation and management of intrathecal opioid drug infusion systems to treat noncancer pain. Anesthesia 2009, 111:881-892.
    • (2009) Anesthesia , vol.111 , pp. 881-892
    • Coffey, R.J.1    Owens, M.L.2    Broste, S.K.3
  • 65
    • 36749067252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal drug therapy for long-term pain management
    • Ghafoor VL, Epshteyn M, Carlson GH, et al.: Intrathecal drug therapy for long-term pain management. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2007, 64:2447-2461.
    • (2007) Am J Health Syst Pharm , vol.64 , pp. 2447-2461
    • Ghafoor, V.L.1    Epshteyn, M.2    Carlson, G.H.3
  • 66
    • 0036927372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of intrathecal catheter-tip inflammatory masses: A consensus statement
    • Hassenbusch S, Burchiel K, Coffey RJ, et al.: Management of intrathecal catheter-tip inflammatory masses: a consensus statement. Pain Med 2002, 3:313-323.
    • (2002) Pain Med , vol.3 , pp. 313-323
    • Hassenbusch, S.1    Burchiel, K.2    Coffey, R.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.