메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 251-262

Are inland wolf-ungulate systems influenced by marine subsidies of Pacific salmon?

Author keywords

13C; 15N; Alaska; Allochthonous subsidies; Apparent competition; Canis lupus; Denali national park and preserve; Marine derived nutrients; Oncorhynchus spp.; Pacific salmon; Predator prey relations; Ungulates; USA; Wolves

Indexed keywords

ANATOMY; CANID; CARBON ISOTOPE; COLLAGEN; DIETARY SHIFT; FOOD WEB; NATIONAL PARK; NITROGEN ISOTOPE; POPULATION DYNAMICS; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTION; SALMONID; SPAWNING POPULATION; STABLE ISOTOPE; UNGULATE;

EID: 77649163381     PISSN: 10510761     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/08-1437.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (65)

References (73)
  • 1
    • 20444405743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of maternal characteristics and climatic variation on birth masses of Alaskan caribou
    • Adams, L. G. 2005. Effects of maternal characteristics and climatic variation on birth masses of Alaskan caribou. Journal of Mammalogy 86: 506-513.
    • (2005) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.86 , pp. 506-513
    • Adams, L.G.1
  • 2
    • 0031752737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive performance of female Alaskan caribou
    • Adams, L. G., and B. W. Dale. 1998. Reproductive performance of female Alaskan caribou. Journal of Wildlife Management 62: 1184-1195.
    • (1998) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.62 , pp. 1184-1195
    • Adams, L.G.1    Dale, B.W.2
  • 3
    • 77649163702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ADFG [Alaska Department of Fish and Game]
    • ADFG [Alaska Department of Fish and Game]. 2006. 2006 Alaska commercial salmon harvests-exvessel values. (www. cf.adfg.state.ak.us/geninfo/finfish/ salmon/catchval/blusheet/ 06exvesl.pdf)
    • (2006) 2006 Alaska Commercial Salmon Harvests-exvessel Values
  • 4
    • 17644427002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interrelationships of Dall sheep and predators in the central Alaska Range
    • July 1998-30 June 2003. Grants W-23-2 to W-33-41 Project 6.13. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska, USA
    • Arthur, S. M. 2003. Interrelationships of Dall sheep and predators in the central Alaska Range. Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Research Final Performance Report, 1 July 1998-30 June 2003. Grants W-23-2 to W-33-41 Project 6.13. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Alaska, USA.
    • (2003) Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Research Final Performance Report, 1
    • Arthur, S.M.1
  • 5
    • 0001042651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predator/prey relationships
    • A. W. Franzmann and C. C. Schwartz, editors. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Ballard, W. B., and V. Van Ballenberghe. 1997. Predator/prey relationships. Pages 247-273 in A. W. Franzmann and C. C. Schwartz, editors. Ecology and management of the North American moose. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1997) Ecology and Management of the North American Moose , pp. 247-273
    • Ballard, W.B.1    Van Ballenberghe, V.2
  • 7
    • 0030800355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annual and seasonal changes in diets of martens: Evidence from stable isotope analysis
    • DOI 10.1007/s004420050236
    • Ben-David, M., R. W. Flynn, and D. M. Schell. 1997a. Annual and seasonal changes in diets of martens: evidence from stable isotope analysis. Oecologia 111: 280-291. (Pubitemid 27291754)
    • (1997) Oecologia , vol.111 , Issue.2 , pp. 280-291
    • Ben-David, M.1    Flynn, R.W.2    Schell, D.M.3
  • 8
    • 0030616706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal changes in diets of coastal and riverine mink: The role of spawning Pacific salmon
    • Ben-David, M., T. A. Hanley, D. R. Klein, and D. M. Schell. 1997b. Seasonal changes in diets of coastal and riverine mink: the role of spawning Pacific salmon. Canadian Journal of Zoology 75: 803-811. (Pubitemid 27253130)
    • (1997) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.75 , Issue.5 , pp. 803-811
    • Ben-David, M.1    Hanley, T.A.2    Klein, D.R.3    Schell, D.M.4
  • 9
    • 0346484032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of stable isotope analysis in studying foraging ecology of herbivores: Examples from moose and caribou
    • Ben-David, M., E. Shochat, and L. G. Adams. 2001. Utility of stable isotope analysis in studying foraging ecology of herbivores: examples from moose and caribou, Alces 37: 421-434.
    • (2001) Alces , vol.37 , pp. 421-434
    • Ben-David, M.1    Shochat, E.2    Adams, L.G.3
  • 10
    • 85079800342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbonate stable isotopes: Terrestrial teeth and bones
    • S. A. Elias, editor. Elsevier, Oxford, UK
    • Bocherens, H., and D. G. Drucker. 2007. Carbonate stable isotopes: terrestrial teeth and bones. Pages 309-317 in S. A. Elias, editor. Encyclopedia of Quartemary research. Elsevier, Oxford, UK.
    • (2007) Encyclopedia of Quartemary Research , pp. 309-317
    • Bocherens, H.1    Drucker, D.G.2
  • 12
    • 0038689128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental and hydrologic overview of the Yukon River Basin, Alaska and Canada
    • U.S. Geological Survey, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
    • Brabets, T. P., B. Wang, and R. H. Meade. 2000. Environmental and hydrologic overview of the Yukon River Basin, Alaska and Canada. Water Resources Investigation Report 99-4204. U.S. Geological Survey, Anchorage, Alaska, USA.
    • (2000) Water Resources Investigation Report 99-4204
    • Brabets, T.P.1    Wang, B.2    Meade, R.H.3
  • 13
    • 21544435207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional differences in collagen stable isotope and tissue trace element profiles in populations of long-tailed duck breeding in the Canadian Arctic
    • Braune, B. M., K. A. Hobson, and B. J. Malone. 2005. Regional differences in collagen stable isotope and tissue trace element profiles in populations of long-tailed duck breeding in the Canadian Arctic. Science of the Total Environment 346: 156-168.
    • (2005) Science of the Total Environment , vol.346 , pp. 156-168
    • Braune, B.M.1    Hobson, K.A.2    Malone, B.J.3
  • 14
    • 51849122281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yukon River fall chum salmon stock status and fall season salmon fisheries
    • Special Publication 06-36. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
    • Bue, F. J., B. M. Borba, and D. J. Bergstrom. 2006. Yukon River fall chum salmon stock status and fall season salmon fisheries; a report to the Alaska Board of Fisheries, Special Publication 06-36. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska, USA.
    • (2006) A Report to the Alaska Board of Fisheries
    • Bue, F.J.1    Borba, B.M.2    Bergstrom, D.J.3
  • 17
    • 0033211968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pacific salmon carcasses: Essential contributions of nutrients and energy for aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems
    • Cederholm, C. J., M. D. Kunze, T. Murota, and A. Sibatani. 1999. Pacific salmon carcasses: essential contributions of nutrients and energy for aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Fisheries 24: 6-15.
    • (1999) Fisheries , vol.24 , pp. 6-15
    • Cederholm, C.J.1    Kunze, M.D.2    Murota, T.3    Sibatani, A.4
  • 19
    • 0019928642 scopus 로고
    • Stable-carbon isotope ratios as a measure of marine versus terrestrial protein in ancient diets
    • Chisholm, B. S., D. E. Nelson, and H. P. Schwarcz. 1982. Stable-carbon isotope ratios as a measure of marine versus terrestrial protein in ancient diets. Science 216: 1131-1132.
    • (1982) Science , vol.216 , pp. 1131-1132
    • Chisholm, B.S.1    Nelson, D.E.2    Schwarcz, H.P.3
  • 20
    • 77649161568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fall chum salmon mark-recapture abundance estimation on the Tanana and Kantishna Rivers, 2005
    • Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
    • Cleary, P. M., and T. Hamazaki. 2006. Fall chum salmon mark-recapture abundance estimation on the Tanana and Kantishna Rivers, 2005. Fisheries Data Series Number 06-67. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska, USA.
    • (2006) Fisheries Data Series Number 06-67
    • Cleary, P.M.1    Hamazaki, T.2
  • 21
    • 0028180910 scopus 로고
    • Functional response of wolves preying on barren-ground caribou in a multiple-prey ecosystem
    • Dale, B. W., L. G. Adams, and R. T. Bowyer. 1994. Functional response of wolves preying on barren-ground caribou in a multiple prey ecosystem. Journal of Animal Ecology 6: 644-652. (Pubitemid 2106251)
    • (1994) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.63 , Issue.3 , pp. 644-652
    • Dale, B.W.1    Adams, L.G.2    Bowyer, R.T.3
  • 22
    • 52249094903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spawning salmon disrupt trophic coupling between wolves and ungulate prey in coastal British Columbia
    • Darimont, C. T., P. C. Paquet, and T. E. Reimchen. 2008. Spawning salmon disrupt trophic coupling between wolves and ungulate prey in coastal British Columbia. BioMed Central Ecology 8: 1-12.
    • (2008) BioMed Central Ecology , vol.8 , pp. 1-12
    • Darimont, C.T.1    Paquet, P.C.2    Reimchen, T.E.3
  • 23
    • 0036931108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-hair stable isotope analysis implies seasonal shift to salmon in gray wolf diet
    • Darimont, C. T., and T. E. Reimchen. 2002. Intra-hair stable isotope analysis implies seasonal shift to salmon in gray wolf diet. Canadian Journal of Zoology 80: 1638-1642.
    • (2002) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.80 , pp. 1638-1642
    • Darimont, C.T.1    Reimchen, T.E.2
  • 24
    • 0038732410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foraging behaviour by gray wolves on salmon streams in coastal British Columbia
    • Darimont, C. T., T. E. Reimchen, and P. C. Pacquet. 2003. Foraging behaviour by gray wolves on salmon streams in coastal British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 81: 349-353.
    • (2003) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.81 , pp. 349-353
    • Darimont, C.T.1    Reimchen, T.E.2    Pacquet, P.C.3
  • 25
    • 0032418884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between Alaskan salmon catch and North Pacific climate on interannual and interdecadal time scales
    • Downton, M. W., and K, A, Miller. 1998. Relationships between Alaskan salmon catch and North Pacific climate on interannual and interdecadal time scales. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 55: 2255-2265.
    • (1998) Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science , vol.55 , pp. 2255-2265
    • Downton, M.W.1    Miller, K.A.2
  • 26
    • 33750071452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution and movement patterns of chinook salmon returning to the Yukon River basin in 2000-2002
    • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
    • Eiler, J, H., T. R. Spencer, J. J. Pella, M. M. Masuda, and R. R. Holder. 2004. Distribution and movement patterns of chinook salmon returning to the Yukon River basin in 2000-2002. Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-148. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA.
    • (2004) Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-148
    • Eiler, J.H.1    Spencer, T.R.2    Pella, J.J.3    Masuda, M.M.4    Holder, R.R.5
  • 28
    • 0002991754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predators, ecological role of
    • S. Levin, editor. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA
    • Estes, J., K. Crooks, and R. Holt. 2001. Predators, ecological role of. Pages 857-878 in S. Levin, editor. Encyclopedia of biodiversity. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
    • (2001) Encyclopedia of Biodiversity , pp. 857-878
    • Estes, J.1    Crooks, K.2    Holt, R.3
  • 30
    • 0037129222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fisheries and productivity in the northeastern Pacific Ocean over the past 2,200 years
    • Finney, B. P., I, Gregory-Eaves, M. S. V. Douglas, and J. P. Smol. 2002. Fisheries and productivity in the northeastern Pacific Ocean over the past 2,200 years. Nature 416: 729-733.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.416 , pp. 729-733
    • Finney, B.P.1    Gregory-Eaves, I.2    Douglas, M.S.V.3    Smol, J.P.4
  • 32
    • 15544382277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wolves and humans
    • L. D. Mech and L. Boitani, editors. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA
    • Fritts, S. H., R. O. Stephenson, R. D. Hayes, and L. Boitani. 2003. Wolves and humans. Pages 289-316 in L. D. Mech and L. Boitani, editors. Wolves: behavior, ecology, and conservation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
    • (2003) Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation , pp. 289-316
    • Fritts, S.H.1    Stephenson, R.O.2    Hayes, R.D.3    Boitani, L.4
  • 34
    • 0024937536 scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics of wolves in north-central Minnesota
    • Fuller, T. K. 1989. Population dynamics of wolves in north-central Minnesota. Wildlife Monographs 105: 1-41.
    • (1989) Wildlife Monographs , vol.105 , pp. 1-41
    • Fuller, T.K.1
  • 35
    • 21344451912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wolf population dynamics
    • L. D. Mech and L. Boitani, editors. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA
    • Fuller, T. K., L. D. Mech, and J. F. Cochrane. 2003. Wolf population dynamics. Pages 161-191 in L. D. Mech and L. Boitani, editors. Wolves: behavior, ecology, and conservation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
    • (2003) Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation , pp. 161-191
    • Fuller, T.K.1    Mech, L.D.2    Cochrane, J.F.3
  • 36
    • 0032033235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural abundance variations in stable isotopes and their potential uses in animal physiological ecology
    • Gannes, L. Z., C. Martinez del Rio, and P. Koch. 1998. Natural abundance variations in stable isotopes and their potential uses in animal physiological ecology. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 119A: 725-737.
    • (1998) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology , vol.119 A , pp. 725-737
    • Gannes, L.Z.1    Martinez Del Rio, C.2    Koch, P.3
  • 39
    • 1342287398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnitude and fate of salmon-derived nutrients and energy in a coastal stream ecosystem
    • Gende, S. M., T. P. Quinn, M. F. Willson, R. Heintz, and T. M. Scott. 2004. Magnitude and fate of salmon-derived nutrients and energy in a coastal stream ecosystem. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 19: 149-160.
    • (2004) Journal of Freshwater Ecology , vol.19 , pp. 149-160
    • Gende, S.M.1    Quinn, T.P.2    Willson, M.F.3    Heintz, R.4    Scott, T.M.5
  • 40
    • 0024193438 scopus 로고
    • Aquatic productivity and the evolution of diadromous fish migration
    • Gross, M. R., R. M. Coleman, and R. M. McDowall, 1988. Aquatic productivity and the evolution of diadromous fish migration. Science 239: 1291-1293.
    • (1988) Science , vol.239 , pp. 1291-1293
    • Gross, M.R.1    Coleman, R.M.2    McDowall, R.M.3
  • 42
    • 0033370908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of meat, particularly salmon, to body size, population productivity, and conservation of North American brown bears
    • Hilderbrand, G. V., C. C. Schwartz, C. T. Robbins, M. E. Jacoby, T. A. Hanley, S. M. Arthur, and C. Servheen. 1999. The importance of meat, particularly salmon, to body size, population productivity, and conservation of North American brown bears. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77: 132-138. (Pubitemid 30063088)
    • (1999) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.77 , Issue.1 , pp. 132-138
    • Hilderbrand, G.V.1    Schwartz, C.C.2    Robbins, C.T.3    Jacoby, M.E.4    Hanley, T.A.5    Arthur, S.M.6    Servheen, C.7
  • 43
    • 0033766635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 15N) isotopes to infer trophic relationships among black and grizzly bears in the upper Columbia River basin, British Columbia
    • 15N) isotopes to infer trophic relationships among black and grizzly bears in the upper Columbia River basin, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78: 1332-1339.
    • (2000) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.78 , pp. 1332-1339
    • Hobson, K.A.1    McLellan, B.N.2    Woods, J.G.3
  • 45
    • 0017544146 scopus 로고
    • Predation, apparent competition, and the structure of prey communities
    • Holt, R. D. 1977. Predation, apparent competition, and the structure of prey communities. Theoretical Population Biology 12: 197-229.
    • (1977) Theoretical Population Biology , vol.12 , pp. 197-229
    • Holt, R.D.1
  • 47
    • 0031685141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food web stability: The influence of trophic flows across habitats
    • Huxel, G. R., and K. McCann. 1998. Food web stability: the influence of trophic flows across habitats. American Naturalist 152: 460-469.
    • (1998) American Naturalist , vol.152 , pp. 460-469
    • Huxel, G.R.1    McCann, K.2
  • 48
    • 13444295421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • At the frontier of the integration of food web ecology and landscape ecology
    • G. A. Polis, M. E. Power, and G. R. Huxel, editors. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA
    • Huxel, G. R., G, A. Polis, and R. D. Holt. 2004. At the frontier of the integration of food web ecology and landscape ecology. Pages 434-451 in G. A. Polis, M. E. Power, and G. R. Huxel, editors. Food webs at the landscape level. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
    • (2004) Food Webs at the Landscape Level , pp. 434-451
    • Huxel, G.R.1    Polis, G.A.2    Holt, R.D.3
  • 49
    • 84862198875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JTC [Joint Technical Committee of the Yukon River US/Canada Panel], Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
    • JTC [Joint Technical Committee of the Yukon River US/Canada Panel], 2007a. Yukon River salmon 2006 season summary and 2007 season outlook. Regional Information Report 3a07.01. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries, Anchorage, Alaska, USA.
    • (2007) Yukon River Salmon 2006 Season Summary and 2007 Season Outlook. Regional Information Report 3a07.01
  • 50
    • 77649101710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JTC [Joint Technical Committee of the Yukon River US/Canada Panel]
    • JTC [Joint Technical Committee of the Yukon River US/Canada Panel]. 2007b. Introduction to Yukon River salmon, ( http:// yukonriverpanel.com/salmon/ about/yukon-river-salmon/chum/)
    • (2007) Introduction to Yukon River Salmon
  • 52
    • 0034095243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in the study of avian and mammalian trophic ecology
    • Kelly, J. F. 2000. Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in the study of avian and mammalian trophic ecology. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78: 1-27.
    • (2000) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.78 , pp. 1-27
    • Kelly, J.F.1
  • 53
    • 2442511026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial flows and regulation of ecosystems
    • Loreau, M., and R. D. Holt. 2004. Spatial flows and regulation of ecosystems. American Naturalist 163: 606-615.
    • (2004) American Naturalist , vol.163 , pp. 606-615
    • Loreau, M.1    Holt, R.D.2
  • 54
    • 35948969213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annual arctic wolf pack size related to arctic hare numbers
    • Mech, L. D. 2007. Annual arctic wolf pack size related to arctic hare numbers. Arctic 60: 309-311.
    • (2007) Arctic , vol.60 , pp. 309-311
    • Mech, L.D.1
  • 56
    • 3142772367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wolf social ecology
    • L. D. Mech and L. Boitani, editors. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA
    • Mech, L. D., and L. Boitani. 2003. Wolf social ecology. Pages 1-34 in L. D. Mech and L. Boitani, editors. Wolves: behavior, ecology and conservation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
    • (2003) Wolves: Behavior, Ecology and Conservation , pp. 1-34
    • Mech, L.D.1    Boitani, L.2
  • 57
    • 22344439500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wolf-prey relations
    • L. D. Mech and L. Boitani, editors. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA
    • Mech, L. D., and R. O. Peterson. 2003. Wolf-prey relations. Pages 131-160 in L. D. Mech and L. Boitani, editors. Wolves: behavior, ecology and conservation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
    • (2003) Wolves: Behavior, Ecology and Conservation , pp. 131-160
    • Mech, L.D.1    Peterson, R.O.2
  • 58
    • 33746000739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salmon, wildlife, and wine: Marine-derived nutrients in human-dominated ecosystems of central California
    • Merz, J. E., and P. B. Moyle. 2006. Salmon, wildlife, and wine: marine-derived nutrients in human-dominated ecosystems of central California. Ecological Applications 16: 999-1009.
    • (2006) Ecological Applications , vol.16 , pp. 999-1009
    • Merz, J.E.1    Moyle, P.B.2
  • 59
    • 0028176254 scopus 로고
    • Ungulate population models with predation: A case study with the North American moose
    • Messier, F. 1994. Ungulate population models with predation: a case study with the North American moose. Ecology 75: 478-488. (Pubitemid 2059860)
    • (1994) Ecology , vol.75 , Issue.2 , pp. 478-488
    • Messier, F.1
  • 61
    • 3042759457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The wolf as a carnivore
    • L. D. Mech and L. Boitani, editors. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA
    • Peterson, R. O., and P. Ciucci. 2003. The wolf as a carnivore. Pages 104-130 in L. D. Mech and L. Boitani, editors. Wolves: behavior, ecology and conservation, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
    • (2003) Wolves: Behavior, Ecology and Conservation , pp. 104-130
    • Peterson, R.O.1    Ciucci, P.2
  • 62
    • 0035035939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixing models in analyses of diet using multiple stable isotopes: A critique
    • DOI 10.1007/s004420000571
    • Phillips, D. L. 2001, Mixing models in analyses of diet using multiple stable isotopes: a crifique. Oecologia 127: 166-170. (Pubitemid 32449367)
    • (2001) Oecologia , vol.127 , Issue.2 , pp. 166-170
    • Phillips, D.L.1
  • 63
    • 0031438539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward an integration of landscape and food web ecology: The dynamics of spatially subsidized food webs
    • Polis, G. A., W. B. Anderson, and R. D. Holt. 1997. Toward an integration of landscape and food web ecology: the dynamics of spatially subsidized food webs. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 28: 289-316.
    • (1997) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , vol.28 , pp. 289-316
    • Polis, G.A.1    Anderson, W.B.2    Holt, R.D.3
  • 64
    • 0029668462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking marine and terrestrial food webs: Allochthonous input from the ocean supports high secondary productivity on small islands and coastal land communities
    • DOI 10.1086/285858
    • Polis, G. A., and S. D. Hurd. 1996. Linking marine and terrestrial food webs: allochthonous input from the ocean supports high secondary productivity on small islands and coastal land communities. American Naturalist 147: 396-423. (Pubitemid 3042929)
    • (1996) American Naturalist , vol.147 , Issue.3 , pp. 396-423
    • Polis, G.A.1    Hurd, S.D.2
  • 65
    • 0031818888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution and abundance of coyotes: The effects of allochthonous food subsidies from the sea
    • Rose, M. D., and G. A. Polis. 1998. The distribution and abundance of coyotes: the effects of allochthonous food subsidies from the sea. Ecology 97: 998-1007.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.97 , pp. 998-1007
    • Rose, M.D.1    Polis, G.A.2
  • 66
    • 0031894575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of stable isotope data: A K nearest-neighbors randomization test
    • Rosing, M, N., M. Ben-David, and R. P. Barry. 1998. Analysis of stable isotope data: a K nearest-neighbors randomization test. Journal of Wildlife Management 62: 380-388.
    • (1998) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.62 , pp. 380-388
    • Rosing, M.N.1    Ben-David, M.2    Barry, R.P.3
  • 67
    • 0038044766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in marine resources affects arctic fox population dynamics
    • Roth, J. D. 2003. Variability in marine resources affects arctic fox population dynamics. Journal of Animal Ecology 72: 668-676.
    • (2003) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 668-676
    • Roth, J.D.1
  • 68
    • 0033906477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic fractionation between diet and tissue of captive red fox: Implications for dietary reconstruction
    • Roth, J. D., and K. A. Hobson. 2000. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic fractionation between diet and tissue of captive red fox: implications for dietary reconstruction. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78: 848-852.
    • (2000) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.78 , pp. 848-852
    • Roth, J.D.1    Hobson, K.A.2
  • 69
    • 30644456327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine-derived nutrients, commercial fisheries, and production of salmon and lake algae in Alaska
    • Schindler, D. E., P. R. Leavitt, C. S. Brock, S. P. Johnson, and P. D. Quay. 2005. Marine-derived nutrients, commercial fisheries, and production of salmon and lake algae in Alaska. Ecology 86: 3225-3231.
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 3225-3231
    • Schindler, D.E.1    Leavitt, P.R.2    Brock, C.S.3    Johnson, S.P.4    Quay, P.D.5
  • 70
    • 0032823066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of anadromous salmon resources in the diet of the Alexander Archipelago wolf using stable isotope analysis
    • Szepanski, M. M., M. Ben-David, and V. Van Ballenberghe. 1999. Assessment of anadromous salmon resources in the diet of the Alexander Archipelago wolf using stable isotope analysis. Oecologia 120: 327-335.
    • (1999) Oecologia , vol.120 , pp. 327-335
    • Szepanski, M.M.1    Ben-David, M.2    Van Ballenberghe, V.3
  • 71
    • 27544453502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 13C) profiles: Implications for the ecology of individuals
    • 13C) profiles: implications for the ecology of individuals. Oecologia 145: 317-326.
    • (2005) Oecologia , vol.145 , pp. 317-326
    • Urton, E.J.M.1    Hobson, K.A.2
  • 72
    • 0001849137 scopus 로고
    • Effects of predation on moose numbers: A review of recent North American studies
    • Van Ballenberghe, V. 1987. Effects of predation on moose numbers: a review of recent North American studies. Swedish Wildlife Research Supplement 1: 431-460.
    • (1987) Swedish Wildlife Research Supplement , vol.1 , pp. 431-460
    • Van Ballenberghe, V.1
  • 73
    • 30944460609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anadromous fishes as ecological links between ocean, freshwater, and land
    • G. A. Polis, M. E. Power, and G. R. Huxel, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
    • Willson, M. F., S. M. Gende, and P. A Bisson. 2004. Anadromous fishes as ecological links between ocean, freshwater, and land. Pages 284-300 in G. A. Polis, M. E. Power, and G. R. Huxel, Food webs at the landscape level. University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
    • (2004) Food Webs at the Landscape Level , pp. 284-300
    • Willson, M.F.1    Gende, S.M.2    Bisson, P.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.