Medical, nutritional, and dental considerations in children with low birth weight

Pediatric Dentistry

Volumn 31, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 504-512

  O'Connell, Susan ^a,b   O'Connell, Anne ^a,b   O'Mullane, Elaine ^a   Hoey, Hilary ^a,b  

^a ADELAIDE AND MEATH HOSPITAL   (Ireland)

^b TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

Author keywords

Catch up growth; Low birth weight; Nutrition; Oral health; Small for gestational age

Indexed keywords

CHILD DEVELOPMENT; FETAL WELL BEING; FETUS DEVELOPMENT; FETUS MATURITY; HUMAN; INFANT NUTRITION; LOW BIRTH WEIGHT; NEWBORN; NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT; PHYSIOLOGY; PREMATURITY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SMALL FOR DATE INFANT;

CHILD DEVELOPMENT; FETAL DEVELOPMENT; FETAL ORGAN MATURITY; FETAL VIABILITY; HUMANS; INFANT NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; INFANT, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFANT, PREMATURE; INFANT, SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE; NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 77649143089     PISSN: 01641263     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. Johnston LB, Clark AJ, Savage MO. Genetic factors contributing to birth weight. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2002;86:F2-3.
2. Cianfarani S, Germani D, Branca F. Low birth weight and adult insulin resistance: The "catch-up growth" hypothesis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1999; 81:F71-3.
3. Albertsson-Wikland K, Karlberg J. Postnatal growth of children born small for gestational age. Acta Pediatric Suppl 1997;423:193-5.
4. Ehrenkranz RA, Younes N, Lemons JA, et al. Longitudinal growth of hospitalized very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 1999;104:280-9.
5. Hay WW. Early postnatal nutritional requirements of the very preterm infant based on a presentation at the NICHD-AAP workshop on research in neonatology. J Perinatol 2006;26(suppl 2):S13-8.
6. Vasu V, Modi N. Assessing the impact of preterm nutrition. Early Hum Dev 2007;83:813-8.
7. Clayton PE, Cianfarani S, Czernichow P, Johannsson G, Rapaport R, Rogol A. Management of the child born small for gestational age child (SGA) through to adulthood: A consensus statement of the International Societies of Pediatric Endocrinology and the Growth Hormone Research Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92: 804-10.
8. Barker DJ, Godfrey, K.M. Maternal nutrition, fetal programming, and adult chronic disease. In Gibney MJ, Margetts BM, Kearnery JM, Arab L, eds. Public Health Nutrition. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing; 2004.
9. Huxley R, Owen CG, Whincup PH, Cook DG, Colman S, Collins R. Birth weight and subsequent cholesterol levels: Exploration of the "fetal origins" hypothesis. JAMA 2004;292:2755-64.
10. Monteiro PO, Victora CG. Rapid growth in infancy and childhood and obesity in later life: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2005;6:143-54.
11. International Diabetes Federation. The IDF Consensus Worldwide Definition of the Metabolic Syndrome. Available at: "www.idf.org/webdata/docs/IDF- Meta-def-final.pdf". Accessed July 15, 2008.
12. Saenger P, Czernichow P, Hughes I, Reiter EO. Small for gestational age: Short stature and beyond. Endocr Rev 2007;28:219-51.
13. th ed. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1992.
14. de Zegher F, Devlieger H, Eeckels R. Fetal growth: Boys before girls. Horm Res 1999;51:258-9.
15. Loos RJ, Derom C, Eeckels R, Derom R, Vlietinck R. Length of gestation and birth weight in dizygotic twins. Lancet 2001;358:560-1.
16. WHO. World Health Statistics 2005. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2005.
17. Bernstein PS, Divon MY. Etiologies of fetal growth restriction. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1997;40:723-9.
18. Figueras F, Figueras J, Meler E, et al. Customized birth weight standards accurately predict perinatal morbidity. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2007;92: F277-80.
19. Chard T, Costeloe K, Leaf A. Evidence of growth retardation in neonates of apparently normal weight. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1992;45:59-62.
20. Spencer N, Bambang S, Logan S, Gill L. Socioeconomic status and birth weight: Comparison of an area-based measure with the Registrar General's social class. J Epidemiol Community Health 1999;53:495-8.
21. Fang J, Madhavan S, Alderman MH. Low birth weight: Race and maternal nativity - impact of community income. Pediatrics 1999;103:E5.
22. Howard DL, Marshall SS, Kaufman JS, Savitz DA. Variations in low birth weight and preterm delivery among blacks in relation to ancestry and nativity: New York City, 1998-2002. Pediatrics 2006;118:e1399-405.
23. Gould JB, Madan A, Qin C, Chavez G. Perinatal outcomes in two dissimilar immigrant populations in the United States: A dual epidemiologic paradox. Pediatrics 2003;111:e676-82.
24. rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WE Saunders Company; 1998.
25. Horta BL, Victora CG, Menezes AM, Halpern R, Barros FC. Low birth weight, preterm births, and intrauterine growth retardation in relation to maternal smoking. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1997;11:140-51.
26. Cliver SP, Goldenberg RL, Cutter GR, Hoffman HJ, Davis RO, Nelson KG. The effect of cigarette smoking on neonatal anthropometric measurements. Obstet Gynecol 1995;85:625-30.
27. Xiong X, Buekens P, Fraser WD, Beck J, Offenbacher S. Periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review. Bjog 2006;113:135-43.
28. Bobetsis YA, Barros SP, Offenbacher S. Exploring the relationship between periodontal disease and pregnancy complications. J Am Dent Assoc 2006;137 (suppl):7S-13S.
29. Johnson GK, Hill M. Cigarette smoking and the periodontal patient. J Periodontol 2004;75: 196-209.
30. Michalowicz BS, Hodges JS, DiAngelis AJ, Lupo VR, Novak MJ, Ferguson JE, et al. Treatment of periodontal disease and the risk of preterm birth. N Engl J Med 2006;355:1885-94.
31. Thompson JM, Clark PM, Robinson E, et al. Risk factors for small-for-gestational-age babies: The Auckland Birth Weight Collaborative Study. J Paediatr Child Health 2001;37:369-75.
32. Barker DJ. The developmental origins of adult disease. J Am Coll Nutr 2004;23(suppl):588S-95S.
33. Cedergren MI. Optimal gestational weight gain for body mass index categories. Obstet Gynecol 2007; 110:759-64.
34. Heard AR, Dekker GA, Chan A, Jacobs DJ, Vreeburg SA, Priest KR. Hypertension during pregnancy in South Australia, part 1: Pregnancy outcomes. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2004;44:404-9.
35. Walker JJ. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet 2000;356:1260-5.
36. Vreeburg SA, Jacobs DJ, Dekker GA, Heard AR, Priest KR, Chan A. Hypertension during pregnancy in South Australia, part 2: Risk factors for adverse maternal and/ or perinatal outcome - results of multivariable analysis. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2004;44:410-8.
37. Kinzler WL, Ananth CV, Vintzileos AM. Medical and economic effects of twin gestations. J Soc Gynecol Investig 2000;7:321-7.
38. Phillips DI, Davies MJ, Robinson JS. Fetal growth and the fetal origins hypothesis in twins: Problems and perspectives. Twin Res 2001;4:327-31.
39. Blickstein I, Goldman RD, Mazkereth R. Adaptive growth restriction as a pattern of birth weight discordance in twin gestations. Obstet Gynecol 2000;96: 986-90.
40. Zuckerman BS, Hingson R. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy: A critical review. Dev Med Child Neurol 1986;28:649-54.
41. Walpole I, Zubrick S, Pontre J. Is there a fetal effect with low to moderate alcohol use before or during pregnancy? J Epidemiol Community Health 1990;44: 297-301.
42. Gardosi J, Kady SM, McGeown P, Francis A, Tonks A. Classification of stillbirth by relevant condition at death (ReCoDe): Population-based cohort study. BMJ 2005;331:1113-7.
43. Lackman F, Capewell V, Richardson B, daSilva O, Gagnon R. The risks of spontaneous preterm delivery and perinatal mortality in relation to size at birth according to fetal vs neonatal growth standards. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:946-53.
44. Alberry M, Soothill P. Management of fetal growth restriction. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2007;92: F62-7.
45. Tyson JE, Parikh NA, Langer J, Green C, Higgins RD. Intensive care for extreme prematurity: Moving beyond gestational age. N Engl J Med 2008;358: 1672-81.
46. Garite TJ, Clark R, Thorp JA. Intrauterine growth restriction increases morbidity and mortality among premature neonates. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;191: 481-7.
47. Sharma P, McKay K, Rosenkrantz TS, Hussain N. Comparisons of mortality and predischarge respiratory outcomes in small-for-gestational-age and appropriate-for-gestational-age premature infants. BMC Pediatr 2004;4:9.
48. Amato M, Konrad D, Huppi P, Donati F. Impact of prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation on neonatal hemorrhagic and ischemic brain damage. Eur Neurol 1993;33:299-303.
49. Jarvis S, Glinianaia SV, Torrioli MG, et al. Cerebral palsy and intrauterine growth in single births: European collaborative study. Lancet 2003;362: 1106-11.
50. st July 2008.
51. Ong KK, Preece MA, Emmett PM, Ahmed ML, Dunger DB. Size at birth and early childhood growth in relation to maternal smoking, parity, and infant breast-feeding: Longitudinal birth cohort study and analysis. Pediatr Res 2002;52:863-7.
52. Freeman JV, Cole TJ, Chinn S, Jones PR, White EM, Preece MA. Cross sectional stature and weight reference curves for the UK, 1990. Arch Dis Child 1995; 73:17-24.
53. Anderson JW, Johnstone BM, Remley DT. Breast-feeding and cognitive development: A meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:525-35.
54. Arenz S, Ruckerl R, Koletzko B, von Kries R. Breast-feeding and childhood obesity: A systematic review. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004;28:1247-56.
55. Reilly JJ, Armstrong J, Dorosty AR, Emmett PM, Ness A, Rogers I, et al. Early life risk factors for obesity in childhood: A cohort study. BMJ 2005;330:1357.
56. Bener A, Ehlayel MS, Alsowaidi S, Sabbah A. Role of breast feeding in primary prevention of asthma and allergic diseases in a traditional society. Eur Ann A llergy Clin Immunol 2007;39:337-43.
57. McGuire W, Anthony MY. Donor human milk vs formula for preventing necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants: Systematic review. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2003;88:F11-4.
58. Baserga MC, Sola A. Intrauterine growth restriction impacts tolerance to total parenteral nutrition in extremely low birth weight infants. J Perinatol 2004;24: 476-81.
59. Dewey KG, Beaton G, Fjeld C, Lonnerdal B, Reeds P. Protein requirements of infants and children. Eur J Clin Nutr 1996;50(suppl 1):Sl19-47; discussion S47-50.
60. Ong KK. Size at birth, postnatal growth and risk of obesity. Horm Res 2006;65(suppl 3):65-9.
61. Hediger ML, Overpeck MD, Kuczmarski RJ, McGlynn A, Maurer KR, Davis WW. Muscularity and fatness of infants and young children born small- or large-for-gestational-age. Pediatrics 1998; 102:E60.
62. Ibanez L, Suarez L, Lopez-Bermejo A, Diaz M, Valls C, de Zegher F. Early development of visceral fat excess after spontaneous catch-up growth in children with low birth weight. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:925-8.
63. Ong KK, Dunger DB. Birth weight, infant growth, and insulin resistance. Eur J Endocrinol 2004;151 (suppl 3): U131-9.
64. Ekelund U, Ong KK, Linne Y, Neovius M, Brage S, Dunger DB, et al. Association of weight gain in infancy and early childhood with metabolic risk in young adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:98-103.
65. Clarke SE, Evans S, Macdonald A, Davies P, Booth IW Randomized comparison of a nutrient-dense formula with an energy-supplemented formula for infants with faltering growth. J Hum Nutr Diet 2007;20:329-39.
66. Lloyd-Still JD, Hurwitz I, Wolff PH, Shwachman H. Intellectual development after severe malnutrition in infancy. Pediatrics 1974;54:306-11.
67. Klein CJ. Nutrient requirements for preterm infant formulas. J Nutr 2002;132(suppl 1):1395S-577S.
68. nd ed. Birminghan, UK, Digital Educational Publishing; 2005.
69. Ong KK, Ahmed ML, Emmett PM, Preece MA, Dunger DB. Association between postnatal catch-up growth and obesity in childhood: Prospective cohort study. BMJ 2000;320:967-71.
70. Tanaka T, Matsuzaki A, Kuromaru R, Kinukawa N, Nose Y, Matsumoto T, et al. Association between birth weight and body mass index at 3 years of age. Pediatr Int 2001;43:641-6.
71. Knops NB, Sneeuw KC, Brand R, et al. Catch-up growth up to ten years of age in children born very preterm or with very low birth weight. BMC Pediatr 2005;5:26.
72. WHO. Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic: Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity. Technical Report Series 894. 2000.
73. Moreira P, Padez C, Mourao-Carvalhal I, Rosado V. Maternal weight gain during pregnancy and overweight in Portuguese children. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007;31:608-14.
74. Boonstra VH, Arends NJ, Stijnen T, Blum WF, Akkerman O, Hokken-Koelega AC. Food intake of children with short stature born small for gestational age before and during a randomized GH trial. Horm Res 2006; 65:23-30.
75. Davenport ES, Litenas C, Barbayiannis P, Williams CE. The effects of diet, breast-feeding, and weaning on caries risk for pre-term and low birth weight children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2004;14:251-9.
76. Erickson PR, McClintock KL, Green N, LaFleur J. Estimation of the caries-related risk associated with infant formulas. Pediatr Dent 1998;20:395-403.
77. Bowen WH, Lawrence RA. Comparison of the cariogenicity of cola, honey, cow milk, human milk, and sucrose. Pediatrics 2005;116:921-6.
78. Aine L, Backstrom MC, Maki R, et al. Enamel defects in primary and permanent teeth of children born prematurely. J Oral Pathol Med 2000;29:403-9.
79. Lai PY, Seow WK, Tudehope DI, Rogers Y. Enamel hypoplasia and dental caries in very-low birth weight children: A case-controlled, longitudinal study. Pediatr Dent 1997;19:42-9.
80. Seow WK, Masel JP, Weir C, Tudehope Dr. Mineral deficiency in the pathogenesis of enamel hypoplasia in prematurely born, very low birth weight children. Pediatr Dent 1989;11:297-302.
81. Burt BA, Pai S. Does low birth weight increase the risk of caries? A systematic review. J Dent Educ 2001; 65:1024-7.