What drives the internationalisation of innovation? Evidence from European patent data

Economics of Innovation and New Technology

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 71-86

  Dachs, Bernhard ^a   Pyka, Andreas ^b,c  

^a AIT AUSTRIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Austria)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HOHENHEIM   (Germany)

^c DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Gravity model; Internationalisation of innovation; Patents; Research and development

Indexed keywords

EID: 77649109199     PISSN: 10438599     EISSN: 14768364     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10438590903016476     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. A.T. Kearney. 2004. Making offshore decisions. A.T. Kearney's 2004 offshore location attractiveness index. Chicago.
2. Ambos, B. 2005. Foreign direct investment in industrial research and development: A study of German MNCs. Research Policy 34, no. 4: 395-410.
3. Archibugi, D. 1992. Patenting as an indicator of technological innovation: A review. Science and Public Policy 16, no. 6: 357-68.
4. Blind, K., J. Edler, R. Frietsch, and U. Schmoch. 2006. Motives to patent: Empirical evidence from Germany. Research Policy 35, no. 5: 655-72.
5. Breschi, S., and F. Lissoni. 2001. Knowledge spillovers and local innovation systems: A critical survey. Industrial and Corporate Change 10, no. 4: 975-1005.
6. Burke, P. 2001. A social history of knowledge. From Gutenberg to Diderot. Cambridge: Polity Press.
7. Cairncross, F. 1997. The death of distance: How the communications revolution is changing our lives. Harvard, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
8. Cantwell, J. 1995. The globalisation of technology: What remains of the product cycle model? Cambridge Journal of Economics 19, no. 1: 155-74.
9. Cantwell, J., and R. Mudambi. 2000. The location of MNE R&D activity; the role of investment incentives. Management International Review 40, no. 1: 127-48.
10. Cohen, W.M., R.R. Nelson, and J. Walsh. 2000. Protecting their intellectual assets: Appropriability conditions and why U.S. manufacturing firms patent (or not). NBER working paper 7552, Cambridge, MA.
11. Cowan, R., P.A. David, and D. Foray. 2000. The explicit economics of knowledge codification and tacitness. Industrial and Corporate Change 9, no. 2: 211-53.
12. Criscuolo, P. 2005. The 'home advantage' effect and patent families. A comparison of OECD triadic patents, the USPTO and the EPO. Scientometrics 66, no. 1: 23-41.
13. Dernis, H., and D. Guellec. 2001. Using patent counts for cross-country comparisons of technology output. STI Review, no. 27: 129-47.
14. Disdier, A.-C., and K. Head. 2004. The puzzling persistence of the distance effect on bilateral trade. UBC Economics Department Discussion Paper 21, Vancouver.
15. Eden, L., and S. Miller. 2004. Distance matters: Liability of foreignness, institutional distance and ownership strategy. In The evolving theory of the multinational firm. Advances in international management, ed. M.A. Hitt and J.L.C. Cheng, vol. 16, 182-223.
16. European Patent Office. 2004. How to get a European patent. Guide for applicants. Munich: EPO. European Patent Office. 2007. Annual report 2006. Munich: EPO.
17. Friedman, T.L. 2005. The world is flat: A brief history of the twenty-first century. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
18. Gersbach, H., and A. Schmutzler. 2006. Foreign direct investment and R&D offshoring. Socioeconomic Institute University of Zurich working paper 0606, Zürich.
19. Giuri, P., M. Mariani, S. Brusoni, G. Crespi, D. Francoz, A. Gambardella, W. Garcia-Fontes, et al. 2005. Everything you always wanted to know about inventors (but never asked): Evidence from the PatVal-EU survey. LEM working paper series 20/2005, Pisa.
20. Griliches, Z. 1990. Patent statistics as economic indicators: A survey. Journal of Economic Literature 28, no. 4: 1661-707.
21. Guellec, D., and B. van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie. 2001. The internationalisation of technology analysed with patent data. Research Policy 30, no. 8: 1253-66.
22. Guellec, D., and B. van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie. 2004. Measuring the internationalisation of the generation of knowledge. In Handbook of quantitative science and technology research, ed. H.F. Moed, W. Glänzel, and U. Schmoch, 645-62. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
23. Hinze, S., and U. Schmoch. 2004. Opening the black box. In Handbook of quantitative science and technology research, ed. H.F. Moed, W. Glänzel, and U. Schmoch, 215-35. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
24. Ito, B., and R. Wakasugi. 2007. What factors determine the mode of overseas R&D by multinationals? Empirical evidence. Research Policy 36, no. 8: 1275-87.
25. Kuemmerle, W. 1999a. The drivers of foreign direct investment into research and development: An empirical investigation. Journal of International Business Studies 30, no. 1: 1-24.
26. Kuemmerle, W. 1999b. Foreign direct investment in industrial research in the pharmaceutical and electronics industries-results from a survey of multinational firms. Research Policy 28, no. 2-3: 179-93.
27. Kumar, N. 2001. Determinants of location of overseas R&D activity of multinational enterprises: The case of US and Japanese corporations. Research Policy 30, no. 1: 159-74.
28. Le Bas, C., and C. Sierra. 2002. 'Location versus home country advantages' in R&D activities: Some further results on multinationals' locational strategies. Research Policy 31, no. 4: 589-609.
29. Leamer, E.E., and J. Levinsohn. 1995. International trade theory: The evidence. In Handbook of international economics, ed. G.E. Grossman and K. Rogoff, vol. 3, 1339-94. Amsterdam, New York and Oxford: Elsevier, North-Holland.
30. Narula, R. 2003. Innovation systems and 'inertia' in R&D location: Norwegian firms and the role of systemic lock-in. In Globalisation and technology: Interdependence, innovation systems and industrial policy, ed. R. Narula, 76-106. Cambridge: Polity Press.
31. Narula, R., and A. Zanfei. 2005. Globalisation of innovation: The role of multinational enterprises. In The Oxford handbook of innovation, ed. J. Fagerberg, D.C. Movery, and R.R. Nelson, 318-48. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
32. OECD. 2006. Compendium of patent statistics 2006. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
33. OECD. 2007a. Main science and technology indicators 2007/1. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
34. OECD. 2007b. OECD reviews of innovation policy-CHINA. Synthesis report. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
35. OECD. 2007c. OECD science, technology and industry scoreboard. Innovation and performance in the global economy. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
36. Park, W.G., and S. Wagh. 2002. Index of patent rights. In Economic freedom of the world 2002 annual report, ed. J. Gwartney and R. Lawson, 33-41. Vancouver: I. Fraser Institute.
37. Patel, P., and K. Pavitt. 1991. Large firms in the production of the world's technology: An important case of 'non-globalisation'. Journal of International Business Studies 22, no. 1: 1-22.
38. Patel, P., and K. Pavitt. 1995. Patterns of technological activity. In Handbook of innovation and technological change, ed. P. Stoneman, 14-52. Oxford: Blackwell.
39. Patel, P., and M. Vega. 1999. Patterns of internationalisation of corporate technology: Location vs. Home country advantages. Research Policy 28, no. 2-3: 145-55.
40. Roland Berger. 2004. The cost of patenting. Report prepared for the European Patent Office. Munich: European Patent Office.
41. Sanna-Randaccio, F., and R. Veugelers. 2003. Global innovation strategies of MNEs: Implications for host economies. In Multinational enterprises, innovative strategies and systems of innovation, ed. J. Cantwell and J. Molero, 17-47. Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar.
42. Smith, K. 2005. Measuring innovation. In The Oxford handbook of innovation, ed. J. Fagerberg, D. Mowery, and R.R. Nelson, 149-77. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
43. Thursby, J., and M. Thursby. 2006. Here or there? A survey of factors in multinational R&D location. Washington DC: National Academies Press.
44. UNCTAD. 2005. World investment report 2005: Transnational corporations and the internationalization of R&D. New York and Geneva: United Nations.
45. Veugelers, R. 2005. Internationalisation of R&D: Trends, issues and implications for S&T policies. Background report for the OECD Forum on the internationalization of R&D, Brussels.
46. Zaheer, S. 1995. Overcoming the liability of foreignness. Academy of Management Journal 38, no. 2: 341-64.
47. Zaheer, S. 2002. The liability of foreignness, redux: A commentary. Journal of International Management 8, no. 3: 351-8.
48. Zaheer, S., and E. Mosakowski. 1997. The dynamics of the liability of foreignness: A global study of survival in financial services. Strategic Management Journal 18, no. 6: 439-63.
49. von Zedtwitz, M., and O. Gassmann. 2002. Market versus technology drive in R&D internationalization: Four different patterns of managing research and development. Research Policy 31, no. 4: 569-58.