메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 88, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 144-157

Riparian alder ecosystems as epiphytic lichen refugia in sub-boreal spruce forests of British Columbia

Author keywords

Alnus; Canopy macrolichens; Lichen indicator species; Old growth; Riparian gallery; Sub boreal spruce

Indexed keywords

BOREAL FOREST; CANONICAL ANALYSIS; CANOPY; DICOTYLEDON; EPIPHYTE; LICHEN; REFUGIUM; RIPARIAN VEGETATION;

EID: 77449146760     PISSN: 19162804     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/B09-096     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (55)
  • 1
    • 1542683246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ecophysiological approach to quantifying nitrogen fixation by Lobaria oregana
    • doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2004)107[82:AEATQN]2.0.CO;2
    • Antoine, M.E. 2004. An ecophysiological approach to quantifying nitrogen fixation by Lobaria oregana. Bryologist, 107(1): 82-107. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2004)107[82:AEATQN]2.0.CO;2.
    • (2004) Bryologist , vol.107 , Issue.1 , pp. 82-107
    • Antoine, M.E.1
  • 2
    • 33745111463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape level analysis of mountain pine beetle in British Columbia, Canada: Spatiotemporal development and spatial synchrony within the present outbreak
    • doi:10.1111/j.2006.0906-7590.04445.x
    • Aukema, B.H., Carroll, A.L., Zhu, J., Raffa, K.F., Sickley, T.A., and Taylor, S.W. 2006. Landscape level analysis of mountain pine beetle in British Columbia, Canada: spatiotemporal development and spatial synchrony within the present outbreak. Ecography, 29(3): 427-441. doi:10.1111/j.2006.0906-7590.04445.x.
    • (2006) Ecography , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 427-441
    • Aukema, B.H.1    Carroll, A.L.2    Zhu, J.3    Raffa, K.F.4    Sickley, T.A.5    Taylor, S.W.6
  • 3
    • 77449108007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B.C. Ministry of Forests and Range (Victoria, B.C.), Available from, [accessed 21 September 2009]
    • B.C. Ministry of Forests and Range (Victoria, B.C.). Biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification program. Available from www. for.gov.bc.ca/HRE/becweb [accessed 21 September 2009].
    • Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classification Program
  • 4
    • 0025247374 scopus 로고
    • Lichen mortality due to late-lying snow: Results of a transplant study
    • doi: 10.2307/1551722
    • Benedict, J.B. 1990. Lichen mortality due to late-lying snow: Results of a transplant study. Arct. Alp. Res. 22(1): 81-89. doi: 10.2307/1551722
    • (1990) Arct. Alp. Res , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 81-89
    • Benedict, J.B.1
  • 6
    • 0343353116 scopus 로고
    • Thirty years of research on development of plant cover on an electric transmission right-of-way
    • Bramble, W.C., and Byrnes, W.R. 1983. Thirty years of research on development of plant cover on an electric transmission right-of-way. Journal of Arboriculture, 9: 67-74.
    • (1983) Journal of Arboriculture , vol.9 , pp. 67-74
    • Bramble, W.C.1    Byrnes, W.R.2
  • 7
    • 0028166096 scopus 로고
    • The lower Susquehanna River Gorge and floodplain (USA) as a riparian re-fuge for vernal forest-floor herbs
    • doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08041069.x
    • Bratton, S.P., Haperman, J.R., and Mast, A.R. 1994. The lower Susquehanna River Gorge and floodplain (USA) as a riparian re-fuge for vernal forest-floor herbs. Conserv. Biol. 8(4): 1069-1077. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08041069.x
    • (1994) Conserv. Biol , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 1069-1077
    • Bratton, S.P.1    Haperman, J.R.2    Mast, A.R.3
  • 8
    • 4644280911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lobaria pulmonaria abundance as an indicator of macrolichen divsersity in Interior Cedar-Hemlock forests of east-central British Columbia
    • doi:10.1139/b04-074
    • Campbell, J., and Fredeen, A.L. 2004. Lobaria pulmonaria abundance as an indicator of macrolichen divsersity in Interior Cedar-Hemlock forests of east-central British Columbia. Can. J. Bot. 82(7): 970-982. doi:10.1139/b04-074
    • (2004) Can. J. Bot , vol.82 , Issue.7 , pp. 970-982
    • Campbell, J.1    Fredeen, A.L.2
  • 9
    • 33947185702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth rate responses of Lobaria pulmonaria to canopy structure in even-aged and old-growth cedar-hemlock forests of central-interior British Columbia
    • doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.01.031
    • Coxson, D.S., and Stevenson, S.K. 2007. Growth rate responses of Lobaria pulmonaria to canopy structure in even-aged and old-growth cedar-hemlock forests of central-interior British Columbia, Canada. For. Ecol. Manage. 242(1): 5-16. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.01.031
    • (2007) Canada. For. Ecol. Manage , vol.242 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-16
    • Coxson, D.S.1    Stevenson, S.K.2
  • 10
    • 0028174798 scopus 로고
    • A multiscale assessment of the occurrence of exotic plants on the Olympic Peninsula
    • doi:10.2307/3236157
    • DeFerrari, C.M., and Naiman, R.J. 1994. A multiscale assessment of the occurrence of exotic plants on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. J. Veg. Sci. 5(2): 247-258. doi:10.2307/3236157
    • (1994) Washington. J. Veg. Sci , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 247-258
    • Deferrari, C.M.1    Naiman, R.J.2
  • 11
    • 0001916374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural disturbance rate and patch size distributions of forests in Northern British Columbia
    • DeLong, S.C. 1998. Natural disturbance rate and patch size distributions of forests in Northern British Columbia. Northwest Sci. 72: 35-48.
    • (1998) Northwest Sci , vol.72 , pp. 35-48
    • Delong, S.C.1
  • 12
    • 35548986131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation of natural disturbance-based management in northern British Columbia
    • DeLong, C. 2007. Implementation of natural disturbance-based management in northern British Columbia. For. Chron. 83: 338-346.
    • (2007) For. Chron , vol.83 , pp. 338-346
    • Delong, C.1
  • 13
    • 0031284508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species assemblages and indicator species: The need for a flexible asymmetrical approach
    • Dufrêne, M., and Legendre, P. 1997. Species assemblages and indicator species: the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecol. Monogr. 67: 345-366.
    • (1997) Ecol. Monogr , vol.67 , pp. 345-366
    • Dufrêne, M.1    Legendre, P.2
  • 14
    • 0038020129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire and riparian ecosystems in landscapes of the western USA
    • doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00053-7
    • Dwire, K.A., and Kauffman, J.B. 2003. Fire and riparian ecosystems in landscapes of the western USA. For. Ecol. Manage. 178(1-2): 61-74. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00053-7.
    • (2003) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.178 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 61-74
    • Dwire, K.A.1    Kauffman, J.B.2
  • 15
    • 38149077979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth of epiphytic old forest lichens across climatic and successional gradients
    • doi:10.1139/X07-048
    • Gauslaa, Y., Palmqvist, K., Solhaug, K.A., Holien, H., Hilmo, O., Nybakken, L., Myhre, L.C., and Ohlson, M. 2007. Growth of epiphytic old forest lichens across climatic and successional gradients. Can. J. For. Res. 37(10): 1832-1845. doi:10.1139/X07-048.
    • (2007) Can. J. For. Res , vol.37 , Issue.10 , pp. 1832-1845
    • Gauslaa, Y.1    Palmqvist, K.2    Solhaug, K.A.3    Holien, H.4    Hilmo, O.5    Nybakken, L.6    Myhre, L.C.7    Ohlson, M.8
  • 16
    • 33746922010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variables influencing the distribution of epiphytic lichens in heterogeneous areas: A case study for Liguria, NW Italy
    • doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2006.tb02438.x
    • Giordani, P. 2006. Variables influencing the distribution of epiphytic lichens in heterogeneous areas: A case study for Liguria, NW Italy. J. Veg. Sci. 17(2): 195-206. doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2006.tb02438.x.
    • (2006) J. Veg. Sci , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 195-206
    • Giordani, P.1
  • 17
    • 0003857415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lichens of British Columbia Part 2-Fruti-cose species
    • Victoria, B.C
    • Goward, T. 1999. The lichens of British Columbia Part 2-Fruti-cose species. Research Program Ministry of Forests, Victoria, B.C.
    • (1999) Research Program Ministry of Forests
    • Goward, T.1
  • 18
    • 0010230944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notes on the assessment of lichen diversity in old-growth Engelmann Spruce-Subalpine Fir forests
    • In Sycamous Creek silvicultural systems project, 24-25 April 1996, Kamloops, B.C
    • Goward, T., and Arsenault, A. 1997. Notes on the assessment of lichen diversity in old-growth Engelmann Spruce-Subalpine Fir forests. In Sycamous Creek silvicultural systems project: Work-shop Proceedings, 24-25 April 1996, Kamloops, B.C. pp. 67-78.
    • (1997) Work-shop Proceedings , pp. 67-78
    • Goward, T.1    Arsenault, A.2
  • 19
    • 0141473769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyanolichens and conifers: Implications for global conservation
    • Goward, T., and Arsenault, A. 2000a. Cyanolichens and conifers: implications for global conservation. For. Snow Land. Res. 75: 303-318.
    • (2000) For. Snow Land. Res , vol.75 , pp. 303-318
    • Goward, T.1    Arsenault, A.2
  • 22
    • 21244437988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lichenological evidence for the recognition of inland rainforests in western North America
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01282.x
    • Goward, T., and Spribille, T. 2005. Lichenological evidence for the recognition of inland rainforests in western North America. J. Biogeogr. 32(7): 1209-1219. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01282.x.
    • (2005) J. Biogeogr , vol.32 , Issue.7 , pp. 1209-1219
    • Goward, T.1    Spribille, T.2
  • 24
    • 0035726903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of thallus temperature and hydration on photosynthetic parameters of Cetraria islandica from contrasting habitats
    • doi:10.1023/A:1015194713480
    • Hajek, J., Bartak, M., and Gloser, J. 2001. Effects of thallus temperature and hydration on photosynthetic parameters of Cetraria islandica from contrasting habitats. Photosynthetica, 39(3): 427-435. doi:10.1023/A:1015194713480.
    • (2001) Photosynthetica , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 427-435
    • Hajek, J.1    Bartak, M.2    Gloser, J.3
  • 25
    • 0013135974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The significance of stemflow chemistry for epiphytic lichen diversity in a die-back affected spruce forest on Mt. Brocken, Northern Germany
    • doi:10.1006/lich.2002.0415
    • Hauck, M., Hesse, V., and Runge, M. 2002. The significance of stemflow chemistry for epiphytic lichen diversity in a die-back affected spruce forest on Mt. Brocken, Northern Germany. Lichenologist, 34(5): 415-427. doi:10.1006/lich.2002.0415.
    • (2002) Lichenologist , vol.34 , Issue.5 , pp. 415-427
    • Hauck, M.1    Hesse, V.2    Runge, M.3
  • 26
    • 15944398705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substrate form determines the fate of bryophytes in riparian buffer strips
    • doi:10.1890/04-0570
    • Hylander, K., Dynesius, M., Jonsson, B.G., and Nilsson, C. 2005. Substrate form determines the fate of bryophytes in riparian buffer strips. Ecol. Appl. 15(2): 674-688. doi:10.1890/04-0570.
    • (2005) Ecol. Appl , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 674-688
    • Hylander, K.1    Dynesius, M.2    Jonsson, B.G.3    Nilsson, C.4
  • 27
    • 4243138107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional variation in epiphyte macrolichen communities in northern and central California forests
    • doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2004) 107[0328:RVIEMC]2.0.CO;2
    • Jovan, S., and McCune, B. 2004. Regional variation in epiphyte macrolichen communities in northern and central California forests. Bryologist, 107(3): 328-339. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2004) 107[0328:RVIEMC]2.0.CO;2.
    • (2004) Bryologist , vol.107 , Issue.3 , pp. 328-339
    • Jovan, S.1    McCune, B.2
  • 28
    • 0026302812 scopus 로고
    • Ecological and physiological investigations in continental Antarctic cryptograms. II. Moisture relations and photosynthesis of lichens near Cassey Station, Wilkes Land
    • doi:10.1017/S0954102091000330
    • Kappen, L., and Breuer, M. 1991. Ecological and physiological investigations in continental Antarctic cryptograms. II. Moisture relations and photosynthesis of lichens near Cassey Station, Wilkes Land. Antarct. Sci. 3(03): 273-278. doi:10.1017/S0954102091000330.
    • (1991) Antarct. Sci , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 273-278
    • Kappen, L.1    Breuer, M.2
  • 29
    • 0027042157 scopus 로고
    • Steget fore - En presentasjon
    • Karstrom, M. 1992. Steget fore - en presentasjon. Sven. Bot. Tidskr. 86: 103-114.
    • (1992) Sven. Bot. Tidskr , vol.86 , pp. 103-114
    • Karstrom, M.1
  • 30
    • 0028160040 scopus 로고
    • Epiphytic lichen diversity on Salix caprea in old-growth southern and middle boreal forests of Finland
    • Kuusinen, M. 1994. Epiphytic lichen diversity on Salix caprea in old-growth southern and middle boreal forests of Finland. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 31: 77-92.
    • (1994) Ann. Bot. Fenn , vol.31 , pp. 77-92
    • Kuusinen, M.1
  • 31
    • 0030304967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of spruce swamp-forests for epi-phytic diversity and flora on Picea abies in southern and middle boreal Finland
    • doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1996.tb00153.x
    • Kuusinen, M. 1996. Importance of spruce swamp-forests for epi-phytic diversity and flora on Picea abies in southern and middle boreal Finland. Ecography, 19(1): 41-51. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1996.tb00153.x.
    • (1996) Ecography , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-51
    • Kuusinen, M.1
  • 32
    • 0034791642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydration-dependent photosynthetic production of lichens: What do laboratory studies tell us about field performance?
    • doi:10.1093/jexbot/52.363.2033
    • Lange, O.L., Green, T.G., and Heber, U. 2001. Hydration-dependent photosynthetic production of lichens: what do laboratory studies tell us about field performance? J. Exp. Bot. 52(363): 2033-2042. doi:10.1093/jexbot/52.363.2033.
    • (2001) J. Exp. Bot , vol.52 , Issue.363 , pp. 2033-2042
    • Lange, O.L.1    Green, T.G.2    Heber, U.3
  • 33
    • 33749486757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How long must northern saxicolous lichens be immersed to form a waterbody trimline?
    • doi:10.1672/24
    • Marsh, J.E., and Timoney, K.P. 2005. How long must northern saxicolous lichens be immersed to form a waterbody trimline? Wet-lands, 25(2): 495-499. doi:10.1672/24.
    • (2005) Wet-lands , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 495-499
    • Marsh, J.E.1    Timoney, K.P.2
  • 35
    • 0030858574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional gradients in lichen communities of the Southeast United States
    • McCune, B., Dey, J., Peck, J., Heiman, K., and Will-Wolf, S. 1997. Regional gradients in lichen communities of the Southeast United States. Bryologist, 100: 145-158.
    • (1997) Bryologist , vol.100 , pp. 145-158
    • McCune, B.1    Dey, J.2    Peck, J.3    Heiman, K.4    Will-Wolf, S.5
  • 36
    • 0036741222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentration of rare epiphytic lichens along large streams in a mountainous watershed in Oregon, U.S.A
    • doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2002)105[0439:CORELA]2.0.CO;2
    • McCune, B., Hutchinson, J., and Berryman, S. 2002. Concentration of rare epiphytic lichens along large streams in a mountainous watershed in Oregon, U.S.A. Bryologist, 105(3): 439-450. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2002)105[0439:CORELA]2.0.CO;2.
    • (2002) Bryologist , vol.105 , Issue.3 , pp. 439-450
    • McCune, B.1    Hutchinson, J.2    Berryman, S.3
  • 37
    • 0003314723 scopus 로고
    • Ecosystems of British Columbia
    • Research Branch, Ministry of Forests, Victoria, B.C
    • Meidinger, D., and Pojar, J. 1991. Ecosystems of British Columbia. Special Report Series 6. Research Branch, Ministry of Forests, Victoria, B.C.
    • (1991) Special Report Series 6
    • Meidinger, D.1    Pojar, J.2
  • 38
    • 0028162105 scopus 로고
    • Shrub communities as inhibitors of plant succession in Southern Quebec
    • doi:10.1007/BF02393620
    • Meilleur, A., Veronneau, H., and Bouchard, A. 1994. Shrub communities as inhibitors of plant succession in Southern Quebec. Environ. Manage. 18(6): 907-921. doi:10.1007/BF02393620.
    • (1994) Environ. Manage , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 907-921
    • Meilleur, A.1    Veronneau, H.2    Bouchard, A.3
  • 40
    • 0000254329 scopus 로고
    • The role of riparian corridors in maintaining regional biodiversity
    • doi:10.2307/1941822
    • Naiman, R.J., Decamps, H., and Pollock, M. 1993. The role of riparian corridors in maintaining regional biodiversity. Ecol. Appl. 3(2): 209-212. doi:10.2307/1941822.
    • (1993) Ecol. Appl , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 209-212
    • Naiman, R.J.1    Decamps, H.2    Pollock, M.3
  • 41
    • 0030873028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hotspots of epiphytic lichen diversity in two young managed forests
    • doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.95492.x
    • Neitlich, P.N., and McCune, B. 1997. Hotspots of epiphytic lichen diversity in two young managed forests. Conserv. Biol. 11(1): 172-182. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.95492.x.
    • (1997) Conserv. Biol , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 172-182
    • Neitlich, P.N.1    McCune, B.2
  • 42
    • 0022854664 scopus 로고
    • Stability of a Viburnum lentago shrub community after 30 years
    • doi:10.2307/2996230
    • Niering, W.A., Dreyer, G.D., Egler, F.E., and Anderson, J.P., Jr. 1986. Stability of a Viburnum lentago shrub community after 30 years. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 113(1): 23-27. doi:10.2307/2996230.
    • (1986) Bull. Torrey Bot. Club , vol.113 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-27
    • Niering, W.A.1    Dreyer, G.D.2    Egler, F.E.3    Anderson Jr., J.P.4
  • 43
    • 18844364236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is local distribution of the epiphytic lichen Lobaria pulmonaria limited by dispersal capacity or habitat quality?
    • doi:10.1007/s10531-004-4535-x
    • Öckinger, E., Niklasson, M., and Nilsson, S.G. 2005. Is local distribution of the epiphytic lichen Lobaria pulmonaria limited by dispersal capacity or habitat quality? Biodivers. Conserv. 14(3): 759-773. doi:10.1007/s10531-004-4535-x.
    • (2005) Biodivers. Conserv , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 759-773
    • Öckinger, E.1    Niklasson, M.2    Nilsson, S.G.3
  • 44
    • 0345447160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant species composition of boreal spruce swamp forests: Closed doors and windows of opportunity
    • doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1909:PSCOBS]2.0.CO;2
    • Okland, R.H., Rydgren, K., and Okland, T. 2003. Plant species composition of boreal spruce swamp forests: closed doors and windows of opportunity. Ecology, 84(7): 1909-1919. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1909:PSCOBS]2.0.CO;2.
    • (2003) Ecology , vol.84 , Issue.7 , pp. 1909-1919
    • Okland, R.H.1    Rydgren, K.2    Okland, T.3
  • 45
    • 0142060799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of hotspots for lichen diversity in forests of western Oregon
    • doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2003)106[0246:TIOHFL]2.0. CO;2
    • Peterson, E.B., and McCune, B. 2003. The importance of hotspots for lichen diversity in forests of western Oregon. Bryologist, 106(2): 246-256. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2003)106[0246:TIOHFL]2.0. CO;2
    • (2003) Bryologist , vol.106 , Issue.2 , pp. 246-256
    • Peterson, E.B.1    McCune, B.2
  • 46
    • 3543145534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrolichen colonization on 120-140 year old Tsuga heterophylla in wet temperate rainforests of central-interior British Columbia: A comparison of lichen response to even-aged versus old-growth stand structures
    • doi:10.1017/S0024282904014227
    • Radies, D.N., and Coxson, D.S. 2004. Macrolichen colonization on 120-140 year old Tsuga heterophylla in wet temperate rainforests of central-interior British Columbia: a comparison of lichen response to even-aged versus old-growth stand structures. Lichenologist, 36(3-4): 235-247. doi:10.1017/S0024282904014227.
    • (2004) Lichenologist , vol.36 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 235-247
    • Radies, D.N.1    Coxson, D.S.2
  • 47
    • 0034947889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in epiphyte communities as the shrub, Acer circinatum, develops and ages
    • doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2001)104[0274:CIECAT]2.0.CO;2
    • Ruchty, A., Rosso, A., and McCune, B. 2001. Changes in epiphyte communities as the shrub, Acer circinatum, develops and ages. Bryologist, 104(2): 274-281. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2001)104[0274:CIECAT]2.0.CO;2.
    • (2001) Bryologist , vol.104 , Issue.2 , pp. 274-281
    • Ruchty, A.1    Rosso, A.2    McCune, B.3
  • 48
    • 34447121949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Headwater riparian forest-floor invertebrate communities associated with alternative forest management practices
    • doi:10.1890/06-0901. PMID:17555226
    • Rykken, J.J., Moldenke, A.R., and Olson, D.H. 2007. Headwater riparian forest-floor invertebrate communities associated with alternative forest management practices. Ecol. Appl. 17(4): 1168-1183. doi:10.1890/06-0901. PMID:17555226.
    • (2007) Ecol. Appl , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 1168-1183
    • Rykken, J.J.1    Moldenke, A.R.2    Olson, D.H.3
  • 49
    • 0034492241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Four years of epiphyte colonization in Douglas-fir forest canopies
    • doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2000)103[0661:FYOECI]2.0.CO;2
    • Sillett, S.C., McCune, B., Peck, J.E., and Rambo, T.R. 2000. Four years of epiphyte colonization in Douglas-fir forest canopies. Bryologist, 103(4): 661-669. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2000)103[0661:FYOECI]2.0.CO;2
    • (2000) Bryologist , vol.103 , Issue.4 , pp. 661-669
    • Sillett, S.C.1    McCune, B.2    Peck, J.E.3    Rambo, T.R.4
  • 50
    • 17144404607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling epiphyte metapopulation dynamics in a dynamic forest land-scape
    • doi:10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13616.x
    • Snäll, T., Pennanen, J., Kivisto, L., and Hanski, I. 2005. Modelling epiphyte metapopulation dynamics in a dynamic forest land-scape. Oikos, 109(2): 209-222. doi:10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13616.x.
    • (2005) Oikos , vol.109 , Issue.2 , pp. 209-222
    • Snäll, T.1    Pennanen, J.2    Kivisto, L.3    Hanski, I.4
  • 51
    • 0028161368 scopus 로고
    • Epiphytic lichens as indicators of snow depth
    • doi:10.2307/1551779
    • Sonesson, M., Osborne, C., and Sandberg, G. 1994. Epiphytic lichens as indicators of snow depth. Arct. Alp. Res. 26(2): 159-165. doi:10.2307/1551779.
    • (1994) Arct. Alp. Res , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 159-165
    • Sonesson, M.1    Osborne, C.2    Sandberg, G.3
  • 52
    • 0030621345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth and vitality of epiphytic lichens. II. Modelling of carbon gain using field and laboratory data
    • doi:10.1007/s004420050052
    • Sundberg, B., Palmqvist, K., Esseen, P.A., and Renhorn, K.E. 1997. Growth and vitality of epiphytic lichens. II. Modelling of carbon gain using field and laboratory data. Oecologia (Berl.), 109(1): 10-18. doi:10.1007/s004420050052.
    • (1997) Oecologia (Berl.) , vol.109 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-18
    • Sundberg, B.1    Palmqvist, K.2    Esseen, P.A.3    Renhorn, K.E.4
  • 53
    • 0022843649 scopus 로고
    • Canonical correspondence analysis: A new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis
    • ter Braak, C.J.F. 1986. Canonical correspondence analysis: a new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis. Ecology, 67: 1176-1179.
    • (1986) Ecology , vol.67 , pp. 1176-1179
    • ter Braak, C.J.F.1
  • 55
    • 33644833222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of scale-free climate data for western Canada for use in resource management
    • doi:10.1002/joc.1247
    • Wang, T., Hamann, A., Spittlehouse, D., and Aitken, S.N. 2006. Development of scale-free climate data for western Canada for use in resource management. Int. J. Climatol. 26(3): 383-397. doi:10.1002/joc.1247.
    • (2006) Int. J. Climatol , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 383-397
    • Wang, T.1    Hamann, A.2    Spittlehouse, D.3    Aitken, S.N.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.