Earthworms as colonisers: Primary colonisation of contaminated land, and sediment and soil waste deposits

Science of the Total Environment

Volumn 408, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 1759-1769

  Eijsackers, H ^a  

^a WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Colonisation; Contaminated land; Earthworms; Fly ash; Harbour sludge; Mine waste

Indexed keywords

ACTIVE SPECIES; ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITY; ANTHROPOGENIC SOILS; COLONISATION; CONTAMINATED LAND; CONTAMINATED LANDS; CONTAMINATED SOILS; EARTHWORM SPECIES; ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS; LITTER LAYER; MINE WASTES; OPEN-CAST MINING; ORGANIC MATTER; POPULATION GROWTH; SOIL ENVIRONMENT; STERILISATION; WASTE DEPOSITS;

CONTAMINATION; DEPOSITS; FLY ASH; HEAVY METALS; MINING; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; REMEDIATION; SEDIMENTOLOGY; SOILS;

SOIL POLLUTION;

HEAVY METAL; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON; SOIL ORGANIC MATTER;

BURROWING; COLONIZATION; CONTAMINATED LAND; EARTHWORM; ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT; FLY ASH; MINE WASTE; POPULATION GROWTH; SLUDGE; SOIL BIOTA; SUCCESSION;

BIOREMEDIATION; BURROWING SPECIES; COCOON; COMMUNITY SUCCESSION; EARTHWORM; FLY ASH; HUMIC SUBSTANCE; MINING; NONHUMAN; ORGANISM COLONY; PHYSICAL TOLERANCE; POPULATION DENSITY; POPULATION DISPERSAL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEDIMENT; SLUDGE; SOIL POLLUTION; SOIL PROPERTY; SPECIES COMPARISON;

ANIMALS; GEOLOGIC SEDIMENTS; OLIGOCHAETA; REFUSE DISPOSAL; SEWAGE; SOIL POLLUTANTS;

EID: 77349117236     PISSN: 00489697     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.12.046     Document Type: Review

References (95)

1. van Andel J., Bakker J.P., and Grootjans A.P. Mechanisms of vegetation succession: a review of concepts and perspectives. Acta Bot Neerl 42 (1993) 413-433
2. Atlavinyte O., and Payarskaite A.I. The effect of erosion on earthworms (Lumbricidae) during the growing season. Zool Zh 41 (1962) 1631-1636
3. Baine S.O., Butt K.R., and Morris R.M. Survival and reproduction of Lumbricus rubellus L. in colliery soil and sewage sludge. Pedobiologia 43 (1999) 729-734
4. Baker G.H., Buckerfield J., Grey-Gerdner R., Merry R., and Doube B. The abundance and diversity of earthworms in pasture soils in the Fleurieu peninsula, South Australia. Soil Biol Biochem 24 (1992) 1388-1395
5. Baker G.H., Carter P.J., and Barrett V.J. Survival and biomass of exotic earthworms Aporrectodea spec. (Lumbricidae), when introduced to pastures in South-eastern Australia. Aus J Agric Res 50 (1999) 1233-1245
6. Baker G.H., Brown G., Butt K., Curry J.P., and Scullion J. Introduced earthworms in agricultural and reclaimed land: their ecology and influences on soil properties, plant production and other soil biota. Biol Invasions 8 (2006) 1301-1316
7. Bengtsson G., Gunnarsson T., and Rundgren S. Effect of metal pollution on the earthworm Dendrobanea rubida in acidified soils. Water Air Soil Pollut 28 (1986) 361-383
8. Bernier N., Ponge J.F., and André J. Comparative study of soil organic layers in two bilberry-spruce forest stand (Vaccinio-Piceeta). Relation to forest dynamics. Geoderma 59 (1993) 89-108
9. Billings W.D. The structure and development of old field short-leaf pine stands and certain associated properties of the soil. Ecol Mon 8 (1938) 437-499
10. Bolton P.J., and Phillipson J. Burrowing, feeding, egestion and energy budgets of Allolobophora rosea (Savigny) (Lumbricidae). Oecologie 23 (1976) 225-245
11. Bouché M.B. Lombriciens de France. Ecologie et Systematique vol. 72 (1972), INRA Publications 1-671
12. Bouché M.B. Strategie lombriciennes. In: Lohm U., and Persson T. (Eds). Soil Organisms as Components of Ecosystems Stockholm. Biol Bull vol. 25 (1977) 122-132
13. Bouché M.B. The subterranean behaviour of the earthworm. In: Bonvinci-Pagliai A.M., and Omodeo P. (Eds). On Earthworms (1987), Mucchi, Modeno 159-169
14. Brockmann W., Koehler H., and Schriefer T. Recultivation of refuse tips: soil ecological studies. In: Dindal D.L. (Ed). Soil Biology as Related to Land Use Practices. Proc. VIIth Soil. Zool. Coll. (1980), EPA, Washington D.C 161-168
15. Butt K.R., Frederickson J., and Lowe C.N. Colonisation, survival and spread of earthworms on a partially restored landfill site. Pedobiologia 43 (1999) 684-690
16. Cluzeau D., Lebouvier M., Trehen P., Bouche M.B., Badour C., and Perraud A. Relation between earthworms and agricultural practices in the vineyards of Champagne. Preliminary results. In: Bonvinci-Pagliai A.M., and Omodeo P. (Eds). On Earthworms (1987), Mucchi, Modeno 465-484
17. Curry J.P. Earthworm distribution along a mineral peat soil transect. Soil Biol Biochem 14 (1982) 211-214
18. Curry J.P., and Cotton C.F. Earthworms and land reclamation. In: Satchell J.E. (Ed). Earthworm ecology, from Darwin to Vermiculture (1983), Chapman and Hall, London 215-228
19. Doube B.M., and Auhl I. Over-summering of cocoons of the earthworm Microscolex dubius (Megascolicidae) in a hot dry Mediterranean environment. Pedobiologia 42 (1998) 71-77
20. Dunger W. Die Entwicklung der Bodenfauna auf rekultivierten Kippen und Halden des Braunkohlentagebaues. Abh und Ber des Naturkundemuseums Görlitz 43 (1968) 1-256
21. Dunger W. Fragen der naturlichen und experimentellen Besiedlung kulturfiendlicher Boden durch Lumbriciden. Pedobiologia 9 (1969) 146-151
22. Dunger W. Über den Anteil der Arthropoden an der Umsetzung des Bestandabfalles in Anfangs Bodenbildung. Pedobiologia 9 (1969) 366-371
23. Dunger W. The return of soil fauna to coal mine areas in the German Democratic Republic. In: Majer J.D. (Ed). Animals in primary succession: The role of fauna in reclaimed land (1989), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 307-337
24. Dunger W., Wanner M., Hauser H., Hohberg K., Schulz H.-J., Schwalbe T., et al. Development of soil fauna at mine sites during 46 years after afforestation. Pedobiologia 45 (2001) 243-271
25. Dworschak U.R. Earthworm populations in a reclaimed lignite open-cast mine of the Rhineland. Eur J Soil Biol 33 (1997) 75-81
26. Edwards C.A., and Bohlen P.J. Effects of toxic chemical on earthworms. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 125 (1992) 23-99
27. In: Edwards C.A. (Ed). Earthworm Ecology. 2nd Edition (2004), CRC Press, Boca Raton 441
28. Edwards P.J., and Coulson J.M. Choice of earthworm species for laboratory tests. In: Greig Smith P.W., Becker H., Edwards P.J., and Heimbach F. (Eds). Ecotoxicology of Earthworms (1992), Intercept Publ, Andover 36-43
29. Eijsackers H.J.P. Development of earthworm populations in abandoned arable fields under grazing management. In: Satchell J.E. (Ed). Earthworm Ecology. From Darwin to Vermiculture (1983), Chapman and Hall, London 241-246
30. Eijsackers H., Lourijsen N., and Mentink J. Effects of fly ash on soil fauna. In: Lebrun P., Andre H.M., de Medts A., Gregoire-Wibo C., and Wauthy G. (Eds). New Trends in Soil Biology (1983), Dieu-Brichart, Louvain-la-Neuve 680-681
31. Eijsackers H., Duinker J.C., and Cappenberg Th.E. Oecologische effecten van milieuverontreiniging, de negatieve zijde van ons menselijk handelen. In: Bakker K., Mook J.H., and van Rhijn J.G. (Eds). 'Oecologie' 2e herziene druk (1995), Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum, Houten 616-646
32. Eijsackers H., van Gestel C.A.M., de Jonge S., Muijs B., and Slijkerman D. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-polluted dredged peat sediments and earthworms: a mutual interference. Ecotoxicology 10 (2001) 35-50
33. Eijsackers H., Beneke P., Maboeta M., Louw J.P.E., and Reinecke A.J. The implications of copper fungicide usage in vineyards for earthworm activity and resulting sustainable soil quality. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 62 (2005) 99-111
34. Eijsackers H., Bruggeman J., Harmsen J., Kort Th., and De S.A. Colonization of PAH-contaminated dredged sediment by earthworms. Appl Soil Ecol 43 (2009) 216-225
35. Emmerling C., and Paulsch D. Improvement of earthworm (Lumbricidae) community and activity in mine soils from open-cast coal mining by the application of different organic waste materials. Pedobiologia 45 (2001) 396-407
36. Frouz J., Keplin B., Pizl V., Tajovsky K., Stary J., Lukesova A., et al. Soil biota and upper soil layer development in two contrasting post-mining chronosequences. 'Ecology of post-mining landscapes:. Itl. Symp. and SCOPE workshop on Ecological Engineering and Ecosystem Restoration, Cottbus,. March 1999 (2001) 275-284
37. Frouz J., Elhottová D., Kuráz V., and Sourková M. Effects of macrofauna on soil biota and soil formation in reclaimed and unreclaimed post mining sites: results of a field microcosm experiment. Appl Soil Ecol 33 (2006) 308-320
38. Graefe U. Bodemorganismen als Indikatoren des biologischen Bodenzustands. Deutschen Bodenkundl Gesellschaft 85 (1997) 687-690
39. Hobbelen P.H.F., Koolhaas J.E., and van Gestel C.A.M. Risk assessment of heavy metal pollution by detritivores in floodplain soils in the Biesbosch, The Netherlands, taking bioavailability into account. Environ Pollut 129 (2004) 409-419
40. Holmstrup M., Hansen B.T., Nielsen A., and Østergaard I.K. Frost tolerance of lumbricid earthworm cocoons. Pedobiologia 34 (1990) 361-366
41. Holmstrup M., and Zachariassen K.E. Physiology of cold hardiness in earthworms. Comp Biochem Physiol 115 (1996) 91-101
42. Holmstrup M., Petersen B.F., and Larsen M.M. Combined effects of Cu, desiccation, and frost on the viability of earthworm cocoons. Environ Toxicol Chem 17 (1998) 897-901
43. Hoogerkamp M., Rogaar H., and Eijsackers H.J.P. Effects of earthworms on grassland on recently reclaimed polder soils in the Netherlands. In: Satchell J.E. (Ed). Earthworm Ecology: From Darwin to Vermiculture (1983), Chapman and Hall, London 85-106
44. Judd K.W., and Mason C.F. Earthworm populations of a restored landfill site. Pedobiologia 39 (1995) 107-115
45. Klok C., Zorn M., Koolhaas J.E., Eijsackers H.J.P., and van Gestel C.A.M. Does reproductive plasticity in Lumbricus rubellus improve the recovery of populations in frequently inundated river floodplains?. Soil Biol Biochem 38 (2006) 611-618
46. Kratz W., and Thielemann U. On the population of the lumbricid fauna in the former sewage farms in Berlin-Buch after cessation of sewage treatment. Z für Ang Zool 80 (1994) 415-421
47. Kula H. Comparison of laboratory and field testing for the assessment of pesticides side effects on earthworms. Acta Zool Fennica 196 (1995) 338-341
48. Lavelle P. Stratégies de reproduction chez les vers de terre. Acta Oecologica Oecologia Generalis 2 (1981) 117-133
49. Ma W.-C. Sublethal toxic effects of copper on growth, reproduction and litter breakdown activity in the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus, with observations on the influence of temperature and soil pH. Environ Poll Ser A Ecol Biol 33 (1984) 207-220
50. Ma W.-C. Toxicity of copper to lumbricid earthworms in sandy agricultural soils amended with Cu-enriched waste materials. In: Quispel A., and Eijsackers H. (Eds). Ecological Implications of Contemporary Agriculture. Copenhagen: Ecol Bull vol. 39 (1988) 53-56
51. Ma W.-C., and Eijsackers H. The influence of substrate toxicity on soil fauna return in reclaimed land. In: Majer J.D. (Ed). Animals in primary succession: The role of fauna in reclaimed land (1989), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 223-243
52. Ma W.-C., and Bodt J. Differences in toxicity of the insecticide chlorpyrifos to six species of earthworms (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) in standardized soil tests. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 50 (1993) 864-870
53. Marinissen J.C.Y. Population-dynamics of earthworms in a silt loam soil under conventional and integrated arable farming during 2 years with different weather patterns. Soil Biol Biochem 24 (1992) 1647-1654
54. Marinissen J.C.Y., and Van den Bosch F. Colonization of new habitats by earthworms. Oecologia 91 (1992) 371-376
55. Martin N.A. Interaction between organic matter in soil and the burrowing activity of three species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae). Pedobiologia 24 (1982) 185-190
56. Meijer J. An isolated earthworm population in the recently reclaimed Lauwerszeepolder. Pedobiologia 12 (1972) 409-411
57. In: Miles J., and Walton D.W.H. (Eds). Primary succession on Land. Special publication #12 BES (1993), Blackwell Sci. Publ., Oxford 309
58. Morgan J.E., and Morgan A.J. Heavy metal concentrations in the tissues, ingesta and faeces of ecophysiologically different earthworm species. Soil Biol Biochem 24 (1992) 1691-1697
59. Perreault J.M., and Wahlen J.K. Earthworm burrowing in laboratory microcosms as influenced by soil temperatures and moisture. Pedobiologia 50 (2006) 397-403
60. Pizl V. Development of earthworm populations in afforested colliery spoil heaps in northern Bohemia, Czech Republic. Pedobiologia 43 (1999) 691-697
61. Pizl V. Earthworm succession in abandoned fields - a comparison of deductive and sequential approaches to study. Pedobiologia 43 (1999) 705-712
62. Pizl V. Earthworm communities in hardwood floodplain forests of the Morava and Dyje rivers as influenced by different inundation regimes. Ekologia-Bratislava 18 (1999) 197-204
63. Pizl V. Earthworm succession in afforested colliery spoil heaps on the Sokolov region, Czech Republic. Restor Ecol 9 (2001) 359-364
64. Plum N.M., and Filser J. Floods and drought: Response of earthworms and potworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae, Enchtraeidae) to hydrological extremes in wet grassland. Pedobiologia 49 (2005) 443-453
65. Prins E, Eijsackers H. De ecologische gevolgen van chemische verontreiniging. MilieuDefensie 1982 dec: 25.
66. Reinecke A.J., and Reinecke S.A. Earthworms as test organisms in ecotoxicological assessment of toxicant impacts on ecosystems. In: Edwards C.A. (Ed). Earthworm ecology. 2nd Edition (2004), CRC Press, Boca Raton 299-320
67. Van Rhee J.A. Inoculation of earthworms in a newly drained polder. Pedobiologia 9 (1969) 128-132
68. Van Rhee J.A. Development of earthworm populations in polder soils. Pedobiologia 9 (1969) 133-140
69. Rogaar H., and Boswinkel J.A. Some soil morphological effects of earthworm activity; field data and X-ray radiography. Neth J Agric Sci 26 (1978) 145-160
70. Roots B.I. The water relations of earthworms. II. Resistance to desiccation and immersion and behaviour when submerged and when allowed choice of environment. J Exp Biol 33 (1956) 29-44
71. Rozen A., and Tosza E. Earthworms and enchytraeid communities along a pollution gradient near Olkusz (southern Poland). Abstracts XIVth Int. Coll. On Soil Zoology and Ecology (2004)
72. Rushton S.P. Development of earthworm populations on pasture land reclaimed from open-cast coal mining. Pedobiologia 29 (1986) 27-32
73. Satchell J.E., and Stone D.E. Colonization of pulverished fuel ash sites by earthworms. Publ Del Centro Pirenacio de Biol Exper 9 (1972) 59-74
74. Scheu S. The role of substrate feeding earthworms (Lumbricidae) for bioturbation in a beechwood soil. Oecologia 72 (1987) 192-196
75. Scheu S. Changes in the lumbricid coenosis during secondary succession from a wheat field to a beech wood on limestone. Soil Biol Biochem 24 (1992) 1641-1646
76. Schwert D.P. Active and passive dispersal of lumbricid earthworms. In: Dindal D.E. (Ed). Soil Biology as Related to Land Use Practices Proc. VIIth Soil. Zool. Coll (1980), EPA, Washington D.C 182-189
77. Scullion J., Mohammed A.Ra., and Ramshaw G.A. Changes in earthworm populations following cultivation of undisturbed and former opencast coal-mining land. Agric Ecosyst Environ 20 (1988) 289-302
78. Springett J.A. Distribution of Lumbricid earthworms in New Zealand. Soil Biol Biochem 24 (1972) 1377-1381
79. Spurgeon D.J., and Hopkin S.P. The effects of metal contamination on earthworm populations around a smelting works: quantifying species effects. Appl Soil Ecol 4 (1996) 929-1393
80. Spurgeon D.J., and Hopkin S.P. Seasonal variation in the abundance, biomass and biodiversity of earthworms in soils contaminated with metal emissions from a primary smelting works. J Appl Ecol 36 (1999) 173-183
81. Spurgeon D.J., and Hopkin S.P. Life-history patterns in reference and metal-exposed earthworm populations. Ecotoxicology 8 (1999) 133-141
82. Spurgeon D.J., Sturzenbaum S.R., Svendsen C., Hankard P.K., Morgan A.J., Weeks J.M., et al. Toxicological, cellular and gene expression responses in earthworms exposed to copper and cadmium. Comp Biochem Phys C Toxicol Pharmacol 138 (2004) 11-21
83. Standen V. Factors affecting the distribution of Lumbricids: Oligochaeta in associations at peat and mineral sites in Northern England UK. Oecologia 42 (1979) 359-374
84. Standen V., Stead G.B., and Dunning A. Lumbricid populations in open cast reclamation sites and colliery spoil heaps in county Durham England UK. Pedobiologia 24 (1982) 57-64
85. Stein, A., Bekker, R.M., Blom, J.H.C., Rogaar, H., 1992. Spatial variability of earthworm populations in a permanent polder grassland. Biol. and Fert. Soils 14, 260-266.
86. Stenersen J., Brekke E., and Engelstad F. Earthworms for toxicity testing: species differences in response towards cholinesterase inhibiting insecticides. Soil Biol Biochem 24 (1992) 1761-1764
87. Stockdill S.M.J. The effect of earthworms on pastures. Proc NZ Ecol Soc 13 (1966) 68-75
88. Stockdill S.M.J. Effects of introduced earthworms on the productivity of New Zealand pastures. Pedobiologia 24 (1982) 29-35
89. Strueve-Kusenberg R. Succession and trophic structure of soil animal communities in different suburban fallow areas. In: Bornkamm R., Lee J.A., and Seaward M.R.D. (Eds). Urban Ecology (1982), Blackwell, Oxford 89-98
90. Tamis W.L.M., and Udo de Haes H.A. Recovery of earthworm communities (Lumbricidae) in some thermally and biologically cleaned soils. Pedobiologia 39 (1995) 351-369
91. Topp W., Gemesi O., Gruening C., Tasch P., and Zhou H.-Z. Colonization of soil fauna in afforested coal mined areas in the Rhineland. Zool Jahrbucher Abteilung f Syst Oek und Geogr der Tiere 19 (1992) 505-533
92. Vandecasteele B., Samyn J., Quataert P., Muys B., and Tack F.M.G. Earthworm biomass as additional information for risk assessment of heavy metal biomagnification: a case study for dredged sediment-derived soils and polluted floodplain soils. Environ Pollut 129 (2004) 363-375
93. Weltje L. Mixture toxicity and tissue interactions of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in earthworms (Oligochaeta) in laboratory and field soils, a critical evaluation of data. Chemosphere 36 (1998) 2643-2660
94. Wijnhoven S., Thonon I., van der Velde G., Leuven R., Zorn M., Eijsackers H., et al. The impact of bioturbation by small mammals on heavy metal redistribution in an embanked floodplain of the river Rhine. Water Air Soil Pollut 177 (2006) 183-210
95. Wilcke D.E. Zur Kenntnis der Lumbricidenfaunen Deutschlands. Zool Anz 151 (1952) 104-106