A precision measurement of the gravitational redshift by the interference of matter waves

Nature

Volumn 463, Issue 7283, 2010, Pages 926-929

  Müller, Holger ^a,b   Peters, Achim ^c   Chu, Steven ^a,b,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^c HUMBOLDT UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^d U S DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIRCRAFT; CONSTANT; GPS; GRAVITY FIELD; GRAVITY WAVE; LIGHT; PRECISION; QUANTUM MECHANICS; VELOCITY PROFILE;

ACCURACY; ARTICLE; ATOM; CONTROLLED STUDY; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; GRAVITATIONAL REDSHIFT; GRAVITY; INTERFEROMETER; MEASUREMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAMAN SPECTROMETRY; SPACE;

EID: 77249120146     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: 14764687     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nature08776     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Will, C. M. The confrontation between general relativity and experiment. Living Rev. Relativity 9, 3 (2006); Æhttp://relativity.livingreviews.org/ Articles/lrr-2006-3/.
2. Ashby, N. Relativity in the global positioning system. Living Rev. Relativity 6, 1 (2003); Æhttp://relativity.livingreviews.org/Articles/lrr- 2003-1/.
3. 1 single-ion optical clocks; metrology at the 17th decimal place. Science 319, 1808-1812 (2008).
4. 217 uncertainty at NIST, Boulder, Colorado. Metrologia 40, 66-73 (2003).
5. Cacciapuoti, L. & Salomon, C. Space clocks and fundamental tests: the ACES experiment. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 127, 57-68 (2009).
6. Pound, R. V. & Snider, J. L. Effect of gravity on gamma radiation. Phys. Rev. 140, B788-B803 (1965).
7. Hafele, J. C. & Keating, R. E. Around-the-world atomic clocks: observed relativistic time gains. Science 177, 168-170 (1972).
8. Vessot, R. F. C. et al. Test of relativistic gravitation with a space-borne hydrogen maser. Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 2081-2084 (1980).
9. Peters, A., Chung, K. Y. & Chu, S. A measurement of gravitational acceleration by dropping atoms. Nature 400, 849-852 (1999).
10. Peters, A., Chung, K.-Y. & Chu, S. High-precision gravity measurements using atom interferometry. Metrologia 38, 25-61 (2001).
11. Amelino-Camelia, G., Macias, A. & Müller, H. in Gravitation and Cosmology (eds Macias, A., Lämmerzahl, C. & Nuñez, D.) 30 (AIP Conf. Proc. 758, American Institute of Physics, 2005).
12. Fortier, T. M. et al. Precision atomic spectroscopy for improved limits on variation of the fine structure constant and local position invariance. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 070801 (2007).
13. 87Sr optical lattice clocks. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 140801 (2008).
14. Kasevich, M. & Chu, S. Atomic interferometry using stimulated Raman transitions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 181-184 (1991).
15. Bordé, C. J., Karasiewicz, A. & Tourrenc, Ph General relativistic framework for atomic interferometry. Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 3, 157-161 (1994).
16. Dimopoulos, S., Graham, P. W., Hogan, J. M. & Kasevich, M. A. Testing general relativity with atom interferometry. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 111102 (2007).
17. Dimopoulos, S., Graham, P. W., Hogan, J. M. & Kasevich, M. A. General relativistic effects in atom interferometry. Phys. Rev. D 78, 042003 (2008).
18. Misner, C. W., Thorne, K. S. & Wheeler, J. A. Gravitation (Freeman, 1970).
19. Feynman, R. P. & Hibbs, A. R. Quantum Mechanics and Path Integrals (McGraw-Hill, 1965).
20. Fitch, V. L. The discovery of charge-conjugation parity asymmetry (Nobel Lecture). Rev. Mod. Phys. 53, 367-371 (1981).
21. 2' and the equivalence principle. Phys. Rev. 121, 311-313 (1961).
22. Ivanov, V. V. et al. Coherent delocalization of atomic wave packets in driven lattice potentials. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 043602 (2006).
23. Cladé, P. et al. A promising method for the measurement of the local acceleration of gravity using Bloch oscillations of ultracold atoms in a vertical standing wave. Europhys. Lett. 71, 730-736 (2005).
24. Vitushkin, L. et al. Results of the sixth international comparison of absolute gravimeters. Metrologia 39, 407-424 (2002).
25. Müller, H., Chiow, S.-w., Long, Q., Herrmann, S. & Chu, S. Atom interferometry with up to 24-photon-momentum-transfer beam splitters. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 180405 (2008).
26. Müller, H., Chiow, S.-w., Herrmann, S. & Chu, S. Atom interferometers with scalable enclosed area. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 240403 (2009).
27. Young, B., Kasevich, M. & Chu, S. in Atom Interferometry (ed. Berman, P.) 363-406 (Academic, 1997).
28. Dent, Th Eötvös bounds on couplings of fundamental parameters to gravity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 041102 (2008).
29. Lemoine, F. G. et al. The Development of the Joint NASA GSFC and NIMA Geopotential Model EGM96 (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 1998).
30. Fuchs, K. & Soffel, H. in Landolt-Börnstein-Group V Geophysics Vol. 2a 317-321 (Springer, 1984).