메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 31, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 203-232

SHEA guideline for management of healthcare workers who are infected with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and/or human immunodeficiency virus

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BLOODBORNE BACTERIUM; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFECTION CONTROL; PATIENT CARE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; VIRUS LOAD; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

EID: 77249116214     PISSN: 0899823X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/650298     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (121)

References (154)
  • 1
    • 21144454926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infected physicians and invasive procedures: Safe practice management
    • Reitsma AM, Closen ML, Cunningham M, et al. Infected physicians and invasive procedures: safe practice management. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40:1665-1672.
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.40 , pp. 1665-1672
    • Reitsma, A.M.1    Closen, M.L.2    Cunningham, M.3
  • 3
    • 0025715230 scopus 로고
    • Possible transmission of human immunodeficiency virus to a patient during an invasive dental procedure
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Possible transmission of human immunodeficiency virus to a patient during an invasive dental procedure. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1990; 39:489-493.
    • (1990) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.39 , pp. 489-493
  • 4
    • 0026427087 scopus 로고
    • Update: Transmission of HIV infection during an invasive dental procedure-Florida
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: Transmission of HIV infection during an invasive dental procedure-Florida. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1991; 40:21-33.
    • (1991) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.40 , pp. 21-33
  • 5
    • 0027120311 scopus 로고
    • Update: Investigations of patients who have been treated by HIV-infected health care workers
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: investigations of patients who have been treated by HIV-infected health care workers. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1992; 41:344-346.
    • (1992) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.41 , pp. 344-346
  • 6
    • 0027049084 scopus 로고
    • Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in a dental practice
    • Ciesielski C, Marianos D, Ou C-Y, et al. Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in a dental practice. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116: 798-805.
    • (1992) Ann Intern Med , vol.116 , pp. 798-805
    • Ciesielski, C.1    Marianos, D.2    Ou, C.-Y.3
  • 7
    • 0348084030 scopus 로고
    • Transmission of HIV from infected health-care workers to patients
    • Ciesielski CA, Bell DM, Marianos DW. Transmission of HIV from infected health-care workers to patients. AIDS 1991; 5:S93-S97.
    • (1991) AIDS , vol.5
    • Ciesielski, C.A.1    Bell, D.M.2    Marianos, D.W.3
  • 8
    • 0026777199 scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of HIV transmission in a dental practice
    • Ou CY, Ciesielski CA, Myers G, et al. Molecular epidemiology of HIV transmission in a dental practice. Science 1992; 256:1165-2271.
    • (1992) Science , vol.256 , pp. 1165-2271
    • Ou, C.Y.1    Ciesielski, C.A.2    Myers, G.3
  • 10
    • 0031134467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of healthcare workers infected with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, or other bloodborne pathogens
    • AIDS/TB Committee of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, The AIDS/Tuberculosis Subcommittee of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America
    • Henderson DK, The AIDS/Tuberculosis Subcommittee of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. Management of healthcare workers infected with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, or other bloodborne pathogens. AIDS/TB Committee of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1997; 18:349-363.
    • (1997) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.18 , pp. 349-363
    • Henderson, D.K.1
  • 11
    • 0028819847 scopus 로고
    • Preventing bloodborne pathogen transmission from health-care workers to patients: The CDC perspective
    • Bell D, Shapiro CN, Chamberland ME, CA. C. Preventing bloodborne pathogen transmission from health-care workers to patients: the CDC perspective. Surg Clin North Am 1995; 75:1189-1203.
    • (1995) Surg Clin North Am , vol.75 , pp. 1189-1203
    • Bell, D.1    Shapiro, C.N.2    Chamberland, M.E.3    Ca, C.4
  • 12
    • 13344295086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission of hepatitis B virus to multiple patients from a surgeon without evidence of inadequate infection control
    • Harpaz R, Von Seidlein L, Averhoff FM, et al. Transmission of hepatitis B virus to multiple patients from a surgeon without evidence of inadequate infection control. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:549-554.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 549-554
    • Harpaz, R.1    Von Seidlein, L.2    Averhoff, F.M.3
  • 13
    • 0001393204 scopus 로고
    • Transmission of hepatitis B related to orthopedic surgery [abstract]
    • Johnston B, Langille D, LeBlanc J, et al. Transmission of hepatitis B related to orthopedic surgery [abstract]. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1994; 15:352.
    • (1994) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.15 , pp. 352
    • Johnston, B.1    Langille, D.2    Leblanc, J.3
  • 14
    • 0031030622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission of hepatitis B to patients from four infected surgeons without hepatitis B e antigen
    • Incident Investigation Teams and others
    • Incident Investigation Teams and others. Transmission of hepatitis B to patients from four infected surgeons without hepatitis B e antigen. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:178-184.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 178-184
  • 16
    • 0034682057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B Outbreak Investigation Team. An outbreak of hepatitis B associated with reusable subdermal electroencephalogram electrodes
    • Hepatitis B Outbreak Investigation Team. An outbreak of hepatitis B associated with reusable subdermal electroencephalogram electrodes. CMAJ 2000; 162:1127-1131.
    • (2000) CMAJ , vol.162 , pp. 1127-1131
  • 17
    • 36549061482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Healthcare should not be a vehicle for transmission of hepatitis C virus
    • Alter MJ. Healthcare should not be a vehicle for transmission of hepatitis C virus. J Hepatol 2008; 48:2-4.
    • (2008) J Hepatol , vol.48 , pp. 2-4
    • Alter, M.J.1
  • 18
    • 77249148706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C outbreak astounds Spain
    • April 8
    • Bosch X. Hepatitis C outbreak astounds Spain. Lancet April 8, 2005.
    • (2005) Lancet
    • Bosch, X.1
  • 19
    • 0033530350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surgeon infects patient with hepatitis C
    • Brown P. Surgeon infects patient with hepatitis C. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 1999; 319(7219):1219.
    • (1999) BMJ (Clinical Research Ed) , vol.319 , Issue.7219 , pp. 1219
    • Brown, P.1
  • 20
    • 0037060034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus transmission from an anesthesiologist to a patient
    • Cody SH, Nainan OV, Garfein RS, et al. Hepatitis C virus transmission from an anesthesiologist to a patient. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162:345-350.
    • (2002) Arch Intern Med , vol.162 , pp. 345-350
    • Cody, S.H.1    Nainan, O.V.2    Garfein, R.S.3
  • 21
    • 0033191170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission of hepatitis C virus from a surgeon to a patient
    • the Incident Control Team
    • Duckworth GJ, Heptonstall J, Aitken C. Transmission of hepatitis C virus from a surgeon to a patient. The Incident Control Team. Commun Dis Public Health 1999; 2:188-192.
    • (1999) Commun Dis Public Health , vol.2 , pp. 188-192
    • Duckworth, G.J.1    Heptonstall, J.2    Aitken, C.3
  • 22
    • 13344281012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission of hepatitis C virus by a cardiac surgeon
    • Esteban JI, Gomez J, Martell M, et al. Transmission of hepatitis C virus by a cardiac surgeon. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:555-560.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 555-560
    • Esteban, J.I.1    Gomez, J.2    Martell, M.3
  • 23
    • 0029654538 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C transmission fromhealth care worker to patient
    • Public Health Laboratory Service
    • Public Health Laboratory Service. Hepatitis C transmission fromhealth care worker to patient. Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly 1995; 5:121.
    • (1995) Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly , vol.5 , pp. 121
  • 24
    • 84921428543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission of hepatitis C virus from surgeon to patient prompts lookback
    • Public Health Laboratory Service
    • Public Health Laboratory Service. Transmission of hepatitis C virus from surgeon to patient prompts lookback. Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly 1999; 9:387.
    • (1999) Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly , vol.9 , pp. 387
  • 25
    • 0034625218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C lookback exercise
    • Public Health Laboratory Service
    • Public Health Laboratory Service. Hepatitis C lookback exercise. Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly 2000; 10:203, 206.
    • (2000) Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly , vol.10 , Issue.203 , pp. 206
  • 26
    • 0034615750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two hepatitis C lookback exercises- national and in London
    • Public Health Laboratory Service
    • Public Health Laboratory Service. Two hepatitis C lookback exercises- national and in London. Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly 2000; 10:125, 128.
    • (2000) Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly , vol.10 , Issue.125 , pp. 128
  • 27
    • 77249083501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public Health Laboratory Service, Accessed November 14, 2002
    • Hepatitis C lookback in two trusts in the south of England. Public Health Laboratory Service, 2002. http://www.phls.org.uk/publications/cdr/PDFfiles/ 2001/cdr2101.pdf. Accessed November 14, 2002.
    • (2002) Hepatitis C Lookback in Two Trusts in the South of England
  • 28
    • 0036193305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analysis indicates transmission of hepatitis C virus from an infected orthopedic surgeon to a patient
    • Ross RS, Viazov S, Roggendorf M. Phylogenetic analysis indicates transmission of hepatitis C virus from an infected orthopedic surgeon to a patient. J Med Virol 2002; 66:461-467.
    • (2002) J Med Virol , vol.66 , pp. 461-467
    • Ross, R.S.1    Viazov, S.2    Roggendorf, M.3
  • 29
    • 0037041373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of hepatitis C virus transmission from an infected gynecologist to patients: Results of a 7year retrospective investigation
    • Ross RS, Viazov S, Thormahlen M, et al. Risk of hepatitis C virus transmission from an infected gynecologist to patients: results of a 7year retrospective investigation. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162:805-810.
    • (2002) Arch Intern Med , vol.162 , pp. 805-810
    • Ross, R.S.1    Viazov, S.2    Thormahlen, M.3
  • 30
    • 2942597738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral hepatitis transmission in ambulatory health care settings
    • Williams IT, Perz JF, Bell BP. Viral hepatitis transmission in ambulatory health care settings. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38:1592-1598.
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.38 , pp. 1592-1598
    • Williams, I.T.1    Perz, J.F.2    Bell, B.P.3
  • 31
    • 12944287885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anesthetist to patient transmission of hepatitis C virus associated with non exposure-prone procedures
    • DOI 10.1002/jmv.20282
    • Mawdsley J, Teo CG, Kyi M, Anderson M. Anesthetist to patient transmission of hepatitis C virus associated with non exposure-prone procedures. J Med Virol 2005; 75:399-401. (Pubitemid 40175904)
    • (2005) Journal of Medical Virology , vol.75 , Issue.3 , pp. 399-401
    • Mawdsley, J.1    Teo, C.G.2    Kyi, M.3    Anderson, M.4
  • 32
    • 34548410919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iatrogenic transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by an anesthesiologist: Comparative molecular analysis of the HCV-E1 and HCV-E2 hypervariable regions
    • Shemer-Avni Y, Cohen M, Keren-Naus A, et al. Iatrogenic transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by an anesthesiologist: comparative molecular analysis of the HCV-E1 and HCV-E2 hypervariable regions. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45:e32-e38.
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.45
    • Shemer-Avni, Y.1    Cohen, M.2    Keren-Naus, A.3
  • 33
    • 0034268939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New guidelines on post exposure prophylaxis for HIV
    • Public Health Laboratory Service
    • Public Health Laboratory Service. New guidelines on post exposure prophylaxis for HIV. Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly 2000; 10:311, 314.
    • (2000) Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly , vol.10 , Issue.311 , pp. 314
  • 34
    • 0028393821 scopus 로고
    • Data lacking for postexposure prophylaxis with immuneserum globulin following HCV exposure
    • Pugliese G. Data lacking for postexposure prophylaxis with immuneserum globulin following HCV exposure. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1994; 15:212.
    • (1994) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.15 , pp. 212
    • Pugliese, G.1
  • 35
    • 0034277025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Healthcare worker-to-patient transmission of HCV in the UK
    • Pugliese G, Favero MS. Healthcare Worker-to-Patient Transmission of HCV in the UK. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000; 21:619.
    • (2000) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.21 , pp. 619
    • Pugliese, G.1    Favero, M.S.2
  • 36
    • 0034700453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission of hepatitis C virus from a patient to an anesthesiology assistant to five patients
    • Ross RS, Viazov S, Gross T, Hofmann F, Seipp HM, Roggendorf M. Transmission of hepatitis C virus from a patient to an anesthesiology assistant to five patients. N Engl J Med 2000; 343:1851-1854.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , pp. 1851-1854
    • Ross, R.S.1    Viazov, S.2    Gross, T.3    Hofmann, F.4    Seipp, H.M.5    Roggendorf, M.6
  • 38
    • 0031552533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission of hepatitis C virus infection associated with home infusion therapy for hemophilia
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Transmission of hepatitis C virus infection associated with home infusion therapy for hemophilia. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1997; 46:597-599.
    • (1997) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.46 , pp. 597-599
  • 39
    • 74549216287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C virus transmission fromhealthcare workers to patients in the United States [abstract]
    • Williams IT, Perz JF, Bell BP. Hepatitis C virus transmission fromhealthcare workers to patients in the United States [abstract]. J Clin Virol 2006; 36:S43-S44.
    • (2006) J Clin Virol , vol.36
    • Williams, I.T.1    Perz, J.F.2    Bell, B.P.3
  • 40
    • 0034603225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newspaper apportions blame in Spanish hepatitis C scandal
    • Bosch X. Newspaper apportions blame in Spanish hepatitis C scandal. Lancet 2000; 355:818.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 818
    • Bosch, X.1
  • 41
    • 0036260385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lookback investigation of patients potentially exposed to HIV type 1 after a nurse-to-patient transmission
    • Astagneau P, Lot F, Bouvet E, et al. Lookback investigation of patients potentially exposed to HIV type 1 after a nurse-to-patient transmission. Am J Infect Control 2002; 30:242-245.
    • (2002) Am J Infect Control , vol.30 , pp. 242-245
    • Astagneau, P.1    Lot, F.2    Bouvet, E.3
  • 42
    • 0031958110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular evidence for nosocomial transmission of human immunodeficiency virus from a surgeon to one of his patients
    • Blanchard A, Ferris S, Chamaret S, Guetard D, Montagnier L.Molecular evidence for nosocomial transmission of human immunodeficiency virus from a surgeon to one of his patients. J Virol 1998; 72:4537-4540.
    • (1998) J Virol , vol.72 , pp. 4537-4540
    • Blanchard, A.1    Ferris, S.2    Chamaret, S.3    Guetard, D.4    Montagnier, L.5
  • 43
    • 0038651975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second case of doctor-to-patient HIV transmission
    • Bosch X. Second case of doctor-to-patient HIV transmission. Lancet Infect Dis 2003; 3:261.
    • (2003) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.3 , pp. 261
    • Bosch, X.1
  • 44
    • 0034048273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analyses indicate an atypical nurse-to-patient transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
    • Goujon CP, Schneider VM, Grofti J, et al. Phylogenetic analyses indicate an atypical nurse-to-patient transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol 2000; 74:2525-2532.
    • (2000) J Virol , vol.74 , pp. 2525-2532
    • Goujon, C.P.1    Schneider, V.M.2    Grofti, J.3
  • 45
    • 0345222474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probable transmission of HIV from an orthopedic surgeon to a patient in France
    • Lot F, Seguier JC, Fegueux S, et al. Probable transmission of HIV from an orthopedic surgeon to a patient in France. Ann Intern Med 1999; 130: 1-6.
    • (1999) Ann Intern Med , vol.130 , pp. 1-6
    • Lot, F.1    Seguier, J.C.2    Fegueux, S.3
  • 46
    • 0023388164 scopus 로고
    • Investigation of a health care worker with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection: An epidemiological approach
    • Armstrong FP, Miner JC, Wolfe WH. Investigation of a health care worker with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection: an epidemiological approach. Military Medicine 1987; 152:414-418.
    • (1987) Military Medicine , vol.152 , pp. 414-418
    • Armstrong, F.P.1    Miner, J.C.2    Wolfe, W.H.3
  • 47
    • 0027911224 scopus 로고
    • Update: Investigations of persons treated by HIV-infected health-care workers-United States
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: Investigations of persons treated by HIV-infected health-care workers-United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1993; 42:329-331.
    • (1993) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.42 , pp. 329-331
  • 48
    • 0025943529 scopus 로고
    • A look-back investigation of patients of an HIV-infected physician: Public health implications
    • Danila RN, MacDonald KL, Rhame FS, et al. A look-back investigation of patients of an HIV-infected physician: public health implications. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:1406-1411.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 1406-1411
    • Danila, R.N.1    MacDonald, K.L.2    Rhame, F.S.3
  • 49
    • 0027403734 scopus 로고
    • Absence of HIV transmission from an infected dentist to his patients: An epidemiologic and DNA sequence analysis
    • Dickinson GM, Morhart RE, Klimas NG, Bandea CI, Laracuente JM, Bisno AL. Absence of HIV transmission from an infected dentist to his patients: an epidemiologic and DNA sequence analysis. JAMA 1993; 269: 1802-1806.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.269 , pp. 1802-1806
    • Dickinson, G.M.1    Morhart, R.E.2    Klimas, N.G.3    Bandea, C.I.4    Laracuente, J.M.5    Bisno, A.L.6
  • 52
    • 0032855376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human bites and the risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission
    • Pretty IA, Anderson GS, Sweet DJ. Human bites and the risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1999; 20:232-239.
    • (1999) Am J Forensic Med Pathol , vol.20 , pp. 232-239
    • Pretty, I.A.1    Anderson, G.S.2    Sweet, D.J.3
  • 53
    • 0028901532 scopus 로고
    • Investigations of patients of health care workers infected with HIV: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention database
    • Robert LM, Chamberland ME, Cleveland JL, et al. Investigations of patients of health care workers infected with HIV: the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention database. Ann Intern Med 1995; 122:653-657.
    • (1995) Ann Intern Med , vol.122 , pp. 653-657
    • Robert, L.M.1    Chamberland, M.E.2    Cleveland, J.L.3
  • 54
    • 0027499526 scopus 로고
    • Investigation of potential HIV transmission to the patients of an HIV-infected surgeon
    • Rogers AS, Froggatt JW, Townsend T, et al. Investigation of potential HIV transmission to the patients of an HIV-infected surgeon. JAMA 1993; 269:1795-1801.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.269 , pp. 1795-1801
    • Rogers, A.S.1    Froggatt, J.W.2    Townsend, T.3
  • 55
    • 0022263781 scopus 로고
    • AIDS in a surgeon
    • Sacks JJ. AIDS in a surgeon. N Engl J Med 1985; 313:1017-1018.
    • (1985) N Engl J Med , vol.313 , pp. 1017-1018
    • Sacks, J.J.1
  • 56
    • 0022575261 scopus 로고
    • More on AIDS in a surgeon
    • Mascioli SR. More on AIDS in a surgeon. N Engl J Med 1986; 314:1190.
    • (1986) N Engl J Med , vol.314 , pp. 1190
    • Mascioli, S.R.1
  • 58
    • 0027427844 scopus 로고
    • Patient-to-patient transmission of HIV in private surgical consulting rooms
    • Chant K, Lowe D, Rubin G, et al. Patient-to-patient transmission of HIV in private surgical consulting rooms. Lancet 1993; 342:1548-1549.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 1548-1549
    • Chant, K.1    Lowe, D.2    Rubin, G.3
  • 59
    • 0017021856 scopus 로고
    • And the health worker: Prospective studies in perspective
    • Alter HJ. Hepatitis B and the health worker: prospective studies in perspective. Ann Intern Med 1976; 85:971-972.
    • (1976) Ann Intern Med , vol.85 , pp. 971-972
    • Alter, H.J.1    Hepatitis, B.2
  • 60
    • 0019820346 scopus 로고
    • The HBsAg Positive health worker revisited
    • Alter HJ, Chalmers TC. The HBsAg Positive health worker revisited. Hepatology 1981; 1:467-1370
    • (1981) Hepatology , vol.1 , pp. 467-1370
    • Alter, H.J.1    Chalmers, T.C.2
  • 61
    • 0016663203 scopus 로고
    • Health-care workers positive for hepatitis B surface antigen are their contacts at risk?
    • Alter HJ, Chalmers TC, Freeman BM, et al. Health-care workers positive for hepatitis B surface antigen: are their contacts at risk? N Engl J Med 1975; 292:454-457.
    • (1975) N Engl J Med , vol.292 , pp. 454-457
    • Alter, H.J.1    Chalmers, T.C.2    Freeman, B.M.3
  • 62
    • 0018121630 scopus 로고
    • Lack of transmission of hepatitis B after surgical exposure
    • Meyers J, Stamm W, Kwerr M, Counts GW. Lack of transmission of hepatitis B after surgical exposure. JAMA 1978; 240:1725-1727.
    • (1978) JAMA , vol.240 , pp. 1725-1727
    • Meyers, J.1    Stamm, W.2    Kwerr, M.3    Counts, G.W.4
  • 63
    • 0016860204 scopus 로고
    • Dental infection with hepatitis B
    • Williams S, Pattison C, Berquist KR. Dental infection with hepatitis B. JAMA 1975; 232:1231-1233.
    • (1975) JAMA , vol.232 , pp. 1231-1233
    • Williams, S.1    Pattison, C.2    Berquist, K.R.3
  • 64
    • 0346823215 scopus 로고
    • Towards zero risk of posttransfusion hepatitis with 2nd generation antiHCV screening of blood donors (abstract 413)
    • Campos J, Gonzalez A, Esteban JI, Genesca J, Esteban R, Guardia J. Towards zero risk of posttransfusion hepatitis with 2nd generation antiHCV screening of blood donors (abstract 413). Hepatology 1994; 20: 200A.
    • (1994) Hepatology , vol.20
    • Campos, J.1    Gonzalez, A.2    Esteban, J.I.3    Genesca, J.4    Esteban, R.5    Guardia, J.6
  • 65
    • 0038107637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing occupational risks for hepatitis C transmission in the healthcare setting
    • Henderson DK. Managing occupational risks for hepatitis C transmission in the healthcare setting. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003; 16:546-568.
    • (2003) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.16 , pp. 546-568
    • Henderson, D.K.1
  • 66
    • 77249145219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public Health Laboratory Service, Accessed November 15, 2002
    • New guidance on hepatitis C infected health care workers. Public Health Laboratory Service, 2002. http://www.phls.org.uk/publications/cdr/archive02/ News/news3402.html#hepC. Accessed November 15, 2002.
    • (2002) New Guidance on Hepatitis C Infected Health Care Workers
  • 67
    • 0028303954 scopus 로고
    • HIV transmission in the health-care setting. Risks to health-care workers and patients
    • Robert LM, Bell DM. HIV transmission in the health-care setting. Risks to health-care workers and patients. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1994; 8: 319-329.
    • (1994) Infect Dis Clin North Am , vol.8 , pp. 319-329
    • Robert, L.M.1    Bell, D.M.2
  • 68
    • 0017878739 scopus 로고
    • Type B hepatitis after needlestick exposure: Prevention with hepatitis B immune globulin: Final report of the Veterans' Administration Cooperative Study
    • Seeff LB, Wright EC, Zimmerman HJ, Alter HJ, et al. Type B hepatitis after needlestick exposure: prevention with hepatitis B immune globulin: final report of the Veterans' Administration Cooperative Study. Ann Intern Med 1978; 88:285-293.
    • (1978) Ann Intern Med , vol.88 , pp. 285-293
    • Seeff, L.B.1    Wright, E.C.2    Zimmerman, H.J.3    Alter, H.J.4
  • 69
    • 0019966966 scopus 로고
    • Accidental hepatitis-B-surface-antigen-positive inoculations: Use of "e" antigen to estimate infectivity
    • Werner BJ, Grady GF. Accidental hepatitis-B-surface-antigen-positive inoculations: use of "e" antigen to estimate infectivity. Ann Intern Med 1982; 97:367-369.
    • (1982) Ann Intern Med , vol.97 , pp. 367-369
    • Werner, B.J.1    Grady, G.F.2
  • 70
    • 0002808651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus in the healthcare setting
    • In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds., New York, NY: Elsevier, : in press
    • Henderson DK. Human immunodeficiency virus in the healthcare setting. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. New York, NY: Elsevier; 2010: in press.
    • (2010) Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases
    • Henderson, D.K.1
  • 71
    • 0025280339 scopus 로고
    • Risk of exposure of surgical personnel to patients' blood during surgery at San Francisco General Hospital
    • Gerberding JL, Littell C, Tarkington A, Brown A, Schecter WP. Risk of exposure of surgical personnel to patients' blood during surgery at San Francisco General Hospital. N Engl J Med 1990; 322:1788-1793.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.322 , pp. 1788-1793
    • Gerberding, J.L.1    Littell, C.2    Tarkington, A.3    Brown, A.4    Schecter, W.P.5
  • 75
    • 0024374069 scopus 로고
    • Frequency of puncture injuries in surgeons and estimated risk of HIV infection
    • Lowenfels AB, Wormser GP. Frequency of puncture injuries in surgeons and estimated risk of HIV infection. Arch Surg 1989; 124:1284-1286.
    • (1989) Arch Surg , vol.124 , pp. 1284-1286
    • Lowenfels, A.B.1    Wormser, G.P.2
  • 76
    • 0025863341 scopus 로고
    • Blood contacts during surgical procedures
    • Panlilio AL, Foy DR, Edwards JR, et al. Blood contacts during surgical procedures. JAMA 1991; 265:1533-1537.
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.265 , pp. 1533-1537
    • Panlilio, A.L.1    Foy, D.R.2    Edwards, J.R.3
  • 77
    • 0026802426 scopus 로고
    • Blood and amniotic fluid contact sustained by obstetric personnel during deliveries
    • Panlilio AL, Welch BA, Bell DM, et al. Blood and amniotic fluid contact sustained by obstetric personnel during deliveries. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 167:703-708.
    • (1992) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.167 , pp. 703-708
    • Panlilio, A.L.1    Welch, B.A.2    Bell, D.M.3
  • 78
    • 0025772525 scopus 로고
    • Blood contact and exposure in the operating room
    • Popejoy SL, Fry DE. Blood contact and exposure in the operating room. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1991; 172:480-483.
    • (1991) Surg Gynecol Obstet , vol.172 , pp. 480-483
    • Popejoy, S.L.1    Fry, D.E.2
  • 79
    • 0026593717 scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous injuries during surgical procedures
    • Tokars JI, Bell DM, Culver DH, et al. Percutaneous injuries during surgical procedures. JAMA 1992; 267:2899-2904.
    • (1992) JAMA , vol.267 , pp. 2899-2904
    • Tokars, J.I.1    Bell, D.M.2    Culver, D.H.3
  • 80
    • 33845694530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sharps injuries in UK health care: A review of injury rates, viral transmission and potential efficacy of safety devices
    • Elder A, Paterson C. Sharps injuries in UK health care: a review of injury rates, viral transmission and potential efficacy of safety devices. Occup Med (Lond) 2006; 56:566-574.
    • (2006) Occup Med (Lond) , vol.56 , pp. 566-574
    • Elder, A.1    Paterson, C.2
  • 81
    • 3242730565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of implementing safety-engineered devices on percutaneous injury epidemiology
    • Sohn S, Eagan J, Sepkowitz KA, Zuccotti G. Effect of implementing safety-engineered devices on percutaneous injury epidemiology. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2004; 25:536-542.
    • (2004) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.25 , pp. 536-542
    • Sohn, S.1    Eagan, J.2    Sepkowitz, K.A.3    Zuccotti, G.4
  • 82
    • 0037320740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a safety resheathable winged steel needle for prevention of percutaneous injuries associated with intravascular-access procedures among healthcare workers
    • Mendelson MH, Lin-Chen BY, Solomon R, Bailey E, Kogan G, Goldbold J. Evaluation of a safety resheathable winged steel needle for prevention of percutaneous injuries associated with intravascular-access procedures among healthcare workers. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2003; 24:105-112.
    • (2003) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.24 , pp. 105-112
    • Mendelson, M.H.1    Lin-Chen, B.Y.2    Solomon, R.3    Bailey, E.4    Kogan, G.5    Goldbold, J.6
  • 83
    • 12244273716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive approach to percutaneous injury prevention during phlebotomy: Results of a multicenter study, 1993-1995
    • Alvarado-Ramy F, Beltrami EM, Short LJ, et al. A comprehensive approach to percutaneous injury prevention during phlebotomy: results of a multicenter study, 1993-1995. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2003; 24:97-104.
    • (2003) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.24 , pp. 97-104
    • Alvarado-Ramy, F.1    Beltrami, E.M.2    Short, L.J.3
  • 84
    • 0034984857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glove perforation rate in vascular surgery-a comparison between single and double gloving
    • Aarnio P, Laine T. Glove perforation rate in vascular surgery-a comparison between single and double gloving. VASA 2001; 30:122-124.
    • (2001) VASA , vol.30 , pp. 122-124
    • Aarnio, P.1    Laine, T.2
  • 85
    • 0031575339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of safety devices for preventing percutaneous injuries among health-care workers during phlebotomy procedures-Minneapolis-St. Paul, New York City, and San Francisco, 1993-1995
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Evaluation of safety devices for preventing percutaneous injuries among health-care workers during phlebotomy procedures-Minneapolis-St. Paul, New York City, and San Francisco, 1993-1995. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1997; 46:21-25.
    • (1997) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , Issue.46 , pp. 21-25
  • 86
    • 0031575336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of blunt suture needles in preventing percutaneous injuries among health-care workers during gynecologic surgical procedures-New York city
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention., March 1993- June 1994
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Evaluation of blunt suture needles in preventing percutaneous injuries among health-care workers during gynecologic surgical procedures-New York City, March 1993- June 1994. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1997; 46:25-29.
    • (1997) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.46 , pp. 25-29
  • 87
    • 33746484114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of preventive measures for accidental blood exposure in operating theaters: A survey of 20 hospitals in Northern France
    • Tarantola A, Golliot F, L'Heriteau F, et al. Assessment of preventive measures for accidental blood exposure in operating theaters: a survey of 20 hospitals in Northern France. Am J Infect Control 2006; 34:376-382.
    • (2006) Am J Infect Control , vol.34 , pp. 376-382
    • Tarantola, A.1    Golliot, F.2    L'heriteau, F.3
  • 88
    • 36549035308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and prevention of needlestick injuries among health care workers in a German university hospital
    • Wicker S, Jung J, Allwinn R, Gottschalk R, Rabenau HF. Prevalence and prevention of needlestick injuries among health care workers in a German university hospital. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2008; 81: 347-354.
    • (2008) Int Arch Occup Environ Health , vol.81 , pp. 347-354
    • Wicker, S.1    Jung, J.2    Allwinn, R.3    Gottschalk, R.4    Rabenau, H.F.5
  • 89
    • 0033069783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of personal protective equipment and operating room behaviors in four surgical subspecialties: Personal protective equipment and behaviors in surgery
    • Akduman D, Kim LE, Parks RL, et al. Use of personal protective equipment and operating room behaviors in four surgical subspecialties: personal protective equipment and behaviors in surgery. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999; 20:110-114.
    • (1999) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.20 , pp. 110-114
    • Akduman, D.1    Kim, L.E.2    Parks, R.L.3
  • 92
    • 0037215319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the rate, location, and morphology of perforations in surgical gloves worn in urological operations
    • Weber LW. Evaluation of the rate, location, and morphology of perforations in surgical gloves worn in urological operations. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 2003; 18:65-73.
    • (2003) Appl Occup Environ Hyg , vol.18 , pp. 65-73
    • Weber, L.W.1
  • 93
    • 0029959086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of a surgical assist device to reduce glove perforations in postdelivery vaginal repair: A randomized controlled trial
    • Bebbington MW, Treissman MJ. The use of a surgical assist device to reduce glove perforations in postdelivery vaginal repair: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 175:862-866.
    • (1996) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.175 , pp. 862-866
    • Bebbington, M.W.1    Treissman, M.J.2
  • 95
    • 0028865191 scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of cut-proof glove liners: Cut and puncture resistance, dexterity, and sensibility
    • Salkin JA, Stuchin SA, Kummer FJ, Reininger R. The effectiveness of cut-proof glove liners: cut and puncture resistance, dexterity, and sensibility. Orthopedics 1995; 18:1067-1071.
    • (1995) Orthopedics , vol.18 , pp. 1067-1071
    • Salkin, J.A.1    Stuchin, S.A.2    Kummer, F.J.3    Reininger, R.4
  • 96
    • 0030111008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of puncture resistant surgical gloves, finger guards, and glove liners on cutaneous sensibility and surgical psychomotor skills
    • Woods JA, Leslie LF, Drake DB, Edlich RF. Effect of puncture resistant surgical gloves, finger guards, and glove liners on cutaneous sensibility and surgical psychomotor skills. J Biomed Mater Res 1996; 33:47-51.
    • (1996) J Biomed Mater Res , vol.33 , pp. 47-51
    • Woods, J.A.1    Leslie, L.F.2    Drake, D.B.3    Edlich, R.F.4
  • 97
    • 0029768807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of blunt-tipped versus cutting needles to reduce glove puncture during mass closure of the abdomen
    • Hartley JE, Ahmed S, Milkins R, Naylor G, Monson JR, Lee PW. Randomized trial of blunt-tipped versus cutting needles to reduce glove puncture during mass closure of the abdomen. Br J Surg 1996; 83:1156-1157.
    • (1996) Br J Surg , vol.83 , pp. 1156-1157
    • Hartley, J.E.1    Ahmed, S.2    Milkins, R.3    Naylor, G.4    Monson, J.R.5    Lee, P.W.6
  • 98
    • 0030297446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of blunt needles on surgical glove perforation and safety for the surgeon
    • Mingoli A, Sapienza P, Sgarzini G, et al. Influence of blunt needles on surgical glove perforation and safety for the surgeon. Am J Surg 1996; 172:512-516.
    • (1996) Am J Surg , vol.172 , pp. 512-516
    • Mingoli, A.1    Sapienza, P.2    Sgarzini, G.3
  • 99
    • 0027364038 scopus 로고
    • Glove perforation during hip arthroplasty: A randomised prospective study of a new taperpoint needle
    • Wright KU, Moran CG, Briggs PJ. Glove perforation during hip arthroplasty: a randomised prospective study of a new taperpoint needle. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1993; 75:918-920.
    • (1993) J Bone Joint Surg Br , vol.75 , pp. 918-920
    • Wright, K.U.1    Moran, C.G.2    Briggs, P.J.3
  • 100
    • 0028203940 scopus 로고
    • Quantity of blood inoculated in a needlestick injury from suture needles
    • Bennett NT, Howard RJ. Quantity of blood inoculated in a needlestick injury from suture needles. J Am Coll Surg 1994; 178:107-110.
    • (1994) J Am Coll Surg , vol.178 , pp. 107-110
    • Bennett, N.T.1    Howard, R.J.2
  • 102
    • 0022426871 scopus 로고
    • Summary and recommendations for preventing transmission of infection with human Tlymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy- associated virus in the workplace
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Summary and recommendations for preventing transmission of infection with human Tlymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy- associated virus in the workplace. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1985; 34:681-686, 91-95.
    • (1985) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.34 , Issue.681-686 , pp. 91-95
  • 104
    • 0025755742 scopus 로고
    • Frequency of nonparenteral occupational exposures to blood and body fluids before and after universal precautions training
    • Fahey BJ, Koziol DE, Banks SM, Henderson DK. Frequency of nonparenteral occupational exposures to blood and body fluids before and after universal precautions training. Am J Med 1991; 90:145-153.
    • (1991) Am J Med , vol.90 , pp. 145-153
    • Fahey, B.J.1    Koziol, D.E.2    Banks, S.M.3    Henderson, D.K.4
  • 105
    • 0026423009 scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for preventing transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus to patients during exposure-prone invasive procedures
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Accessed January 8, 2010
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for preventing transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus to patients during exposure-prone invasive procedures.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1991; 40:1-9. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014845.htm. Accessed January 8, 2010.
    • (1991) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.40 , pp. 1-9
  • 106
    • 33746271572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection risks following accidental exposure to blood or body fluids in health care workers: A review of pathogens transmitted in published cases
    • Tarantola A, Abiteboul D, Rachline A. Infection risks following accidental exposure to blood or body fluids in health care workers: a review of pathogens transmitted in published cases. Am J Infect Control 2006; 34:367-375.
    • (2006) Am J Infect Control , vol.34 , pp. 367-375
    • Tarantola, A.1    Abiteboul, D.2    Rachline, A.3
  • 108
    • 34247194561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of hepatitis B: Summary of a clinical research workshop
    • Hoofnagle JH, Doo E, Liang TJ, Fleischer R, Lok AS. Management of hepatitis B: summary of a clinical research workshop. Hepatology 2007; 45:1056-1075.
    • (2007) Hepatology , vol.45 , pp. 1056-1075
    • Hoofnagle, J.H.1    Doo, E.2    Liang, T.J.3    Fleischer, R.4    Lok, A.S.5
  • 109
    • 0012606190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UK Department of Health, Accessed January 26, 2009
    • UK Department of Health. Hepatitis C infected health care workers. 2002. http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/ PublicationsPolicyAnduidance/DH-4010554. Accessed January 26, 2009.
    • (2002) Hepatitis C Infected Health Care Workers
  • 110
    • 30044432484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Gastroenterological Association technical review on the management of hepatitis C
    • Dienstag JL, McHutchison JG. American Gastroenterological Association technical review on the management of hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 2006; 130:231-264.
    • (2006) Gastroenterology , vol.130 , pp. 231-264
    • Dienstag, J.L.1    McHutchison, J.G.2
  • 111
    • 0036828840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National institutes of health consensus development conference: Management of hepatitis C: 2002
    • Seeff LB, Hoofnagle JH. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference: management of hepatitis C: 2002. Hepatology 2002; 36:S1-S2.
    • (2002) Hepatology , vol.36
    • Seeff, L.B.1    Hoofnagle, J.H.2
  • 112
  • 114
    • 0035892032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of acute hepatitis C with interferon alfa-2b
    • Jaeckel E, Cornberg M,Wedemeyer H, et al. Treatment of acute hepatitis C with interferon alfa-2b. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:1452-1457.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 1452-1457
    • Jaeckel, E.1    Cornberg, M.2    Wedemeyer, H.3
  • 115
    • 54549108005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of acute hepatitis C: The success of monotherapy with (pegylated) interferon alpha
    • Wiegand J, Deterding K, Cornberg M, Wedemeyer H. Treatment of acute hepatitis C: the success of monotherapy with (pegylated) interferon alpha. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 62:860-865.
    • (2008) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.62 , pp. 860-865
    • Wiegand, J.1    Deterding, K.2    Cornberg, M.3    Wedemeyer, H.4
  • 116
    • 47349130562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute hepatitis C: Epidemiology, pathogenesis and therapy
    • Fabris P. Acute hepatitis C: epidemiology, pathogenesis and therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2008; 14:1644-1645.
    • (2008) Curr Pharm des , vol.14 , pp. 1644-1645
    • Fabris, P.1
  • 118
    • 20444395426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public attitudes and opinions toward physicians and dentists infected with bloodborne viruses: Results of a national survey
    • Tuboku-Metzger J, Chiarello L, Sinkowitz-Cochran RL, Casano-Dickerson A, Cardo D. Public attitudes and opinions toward physicians and dentists infected with bloodborne viruses: results of a national survey. Am J Infect Control 2005; 33:299-303.
    • (2005) Am J Infect Control , vol.33 , pp. 299-303
    • Tuboku-Metzger, J.1    Chiarello, L.2    Sinkowitz-Cochran, R.L.3    Casano-Dickerson, A.4    Cardo, D.5
  • 119
    • 0011193243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-AIDS, infected surgeons and dentists, and the medical profession's betrayal of its responsibility to patients
    • Closen ML. HIV-AIDS, infected surgeons and dentists, and the medical profession's betrayal of its responsibility to patients. NY Law Sch Law Rev 1996; 41:57-139.
    • (1996) NY Law Sch Law Rev , vol.41 , pp. 57-139
    • Closen, M.L.1
  • 120
    • 0027828414 scopus 로고
    • State regulations and the HIV-positive health care professional: A response to a problem that does not exist
    • DiMaggio SL. State regulations and the HIV-positive health care professional: a response to a problem that does not exist. Am J Law Med 1993; 19:497-522.
    • (1993) Am J Law Med , vol.19 , pp. 497-522
    • Dimaggio, S.L.1
  • 122
    • 74549216903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UK Department of Health. Accessed January 26, 2009
    • UK Department of Health. Hepatitis B infected healthcare workers and antiviral therapy. 2007. http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/ Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH-073164. Accessed January 26, 2009.
    • (2007) Hepatitis B Infected Healthcare Workers and Antiviral Therapy
  • 123
    • 0038826672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in health care workers (HCWs): Guidelines for prevention of transmission of HBV and HCV from HCW to patients
    • Gunson RN, Shouval D, Roggendorf M, et al. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in health care workers (HCWs): guidelines for prevention of transmission of HBV and HCV from HCW to patients. J Clin Virol 2003; 27:213-230.
    • (2003) J Clin Virol , vol.27 , pp. 213-230
    • Gunson, R.N.1    Shouval, D.2    Roggendorf, M.3
  • 124
    • 0344012059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doctor to patient transmission of hepatitis B virus: Implications of HBV DNA levels and potential new solutions
    • Buster EH, van der Eijk AA, Schalm SW. Doctor to patient transmission of hepatitis B virus: implications of HBV DNA levels and potential new solutions. Antiviral Res 2003; 60:79-85.
    • (2003) Antiviral Res , vol.60 , pp. 79-85
    • Buster, E.H.1    Van Der Eijk, A.A.2    Schalm, S.W.3
  • 126
    • 47049109649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and other blood-borne infections in healthcare workers: Guidelines for prevention and management in industrialised countries
    • FitzSimons D, Francois G, De Carli G, et al. Hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and other blood-borne infections in healthcare workers: guidelines for prevention and management in industrialised countries. Occup Environ Med 2008; 65:446-451.
    • (2008) Occup Environ Med , vol.65 , pp. 446-451
    • Fitzsimons, D.1    Francois, G.2    De Carli, G.3
  • 128
    • 0023661798 scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for prevention of HIV transmission in health-care setting
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for prevention of HIV transmission in health-care settings.MMWRMorb Mortal Wkly Rep 1987; 36(Suppl 2):1S-18S.
    • (1987) MMWRMorb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.36 , Issue.SUPPL 2
  • 129
    • 0037322805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: National case surveillance data during 20 years of the HIV epidemic in the United States
    • Do AN, Ciesielski CA, Metler RP, Hammett TA, Li J, Fleming PL. Occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: national case surveillance data during 20 years of the HIV epidemic in the United States. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2003; 24:86-96.
    • (2003) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.24 , pp. 86-96
    • Do, A.N.1    Ciesielski, C.A.2    Metler, R.P.3    Hammett, T.A.4    Li, J.5    Fleming, P.L.6
  • 130
    • 0023046721 scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for preventing transmission of infection with human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus during invasive procedures
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for preventing transmission of infection with human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus during invasive procedures. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1986; 35:221-223.
    • (1986) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.35 , pp. 221-223
  • 131
    • 0024295819 scopus 로고
    • Update: Universal precautions for prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and other bloodborne pathogens in health-care settings
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: universal precautions for prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and other bloodborne pathogens in health-care settings. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1988; 37:377-382.
    • (1988) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.37 , pp. 377-382
  • 132
    • 0025714608 scopus 로고
    • Public Health Service statement on management of occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus, including considerations regarding zidovudine postexposure use
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Public Health Service statement on management of occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus, including considerations regarding zidovudine postexposure use. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1990; 39:1-14.
    • (1990) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.39 , pp. 1-14
  • 133
    • 0023986577 scopus 로고
    • Occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infections in laboratories producing virus concentrates in large quantities: Conclusions and recommendations of an expert team convened by the Director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Safety, National Institutes of Health
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Safety, National Institutes of Health. Occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infections in laboratories producing virus concentrates in large quantities: conclusions and recommendations of an expert team convened by the Director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1988; 37(Suppl 4):19-22.
    • (1988) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.37 , Issue.SUPPL 4 , pp. 19-22
  • 134
  • 135
    • 0018569077 scopus 로고
    • Canadian task force on the periodic health examination
    • The periodic health examination
    • The periodic health examination. Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. Can Med Assoc J 1979;121:1193-1254.
    • (1979) Can Med Assoc J , vol.121 , pp. 1193-1254
  • 136
    • 0017106584 scopus 로고
    • Type B hepatitis: The infectivity of blood positive for e antigen and DNA polymerase after accidental needlestick exposure
    • Alter HJ, Seeff LB, Kaplan PM, et al. Type B hepatitis: the infectivity of blood positive for e antigen and DNA polymerase after accidental needlestick exposure. N Engl J Med 1976; 295:909-913.
    • (1976) N Engl J Med , vol.295 , pp. 909-913
    • Alter, H.J.1    Seeff, L.B.2    Kaplan, P.M.3
  • 137
    • 0033006076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational human immunodeficiency virus infection in health care workers: Worldwide cases through september 1997
    • Ippolito G, Puro V, Heptonstall J, Jagger J, De Carli G, Petrosillo N. Occupational human immunodeficiency virus infection in health care workers: worldwide cases through September 1997. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 28:365-383.
    • (1999) Clin Infect Dis , vol.28 , pp. 365-383
    • Ippolito, G.1    Puro, V.2    Heptonstall, J.3    Jagger, J.4    De Carli, G.5    Petrosillo, N.6
  • 138
    • 0028790181 scopus 로고
    • Risk of hepatitis C seroconversion after occupational exposures in health care workers. Italian Study Group on Occupational Risk of HIV and Other Bloodborne Infections
    • Puro V, Petrosillo N, Ippolito G. Risk of hepatitis C seroconversion after occupational exposures in health care workers. Italian Study Group on Occupational Risk of HIV and Other Bloodborne Infections. Am J Infect Control 1995; 23:273-277.
    • (1995) Am J Infect Control , vol.23 , pp. 273-277
    • Puro, V.1    Petrosillo, N.2    Ippolito, G.3
  • 139
    • 0026933930 scopus 로고
    • Risk of hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus transmission to a patient from an infected surgeon due to percutaneous injury during an invasive procedure: Estimates based on a model
    • Bell DM, Shapiro CN, Culver DH, Martone WJ, Curran JW, Hughes JM. Risk of hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus transmission to a patient from an infected surgeon due to percutaneous injury during an invasive procedure: estimates based on a model. Infect Agents Dis 1992; 1:263-269.
    • (1992) Infect Agents Dis , vol.1 , pp. 263-269
    • Bell, D.M.1    Shapiro, C.N.2    Culver, D.H.3    Martone, W.J.4    Curran, J.W.5    Hughes, J.M.6
  • 140
    • 0022625306 scopus 로고
    • Risk of nosocomial infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus in a large cohort of intensively exposed health care workers
    • Henderson DK, Saah AJ, Zak BJ, et al. Risk of nosocomial infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus in a large cohort of intensively exposed health care workers. Ann Intern Med 1986; 104:644-647.
    • (1986) Ann Intern Med , vol.104 , pp. 644-647
    • Henderson, D.K.1    Saah, A.J.2    Zak, B.J.3
  • 141
    • 0037406278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HBV DNA levels and transmission of hepatitis B by health care workers
    • Corden S, Ballard AL, Ijaz S, et al. HBV DNA levels and transmission of hepatitis B by health care workers. J Clin Virol 2003; 27:52-58.
    • (2003) J Clin Virol , vol.27 , pp. 52-58
    • Corden, S.1    Ballard, A.L.2    Ijaz, S.3
  • 142
    • 39049176641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hands-free technique: Preventing occupational exposure during surgery
    • Stringer B, Haines T. Hands-free technique: preventing occupational exposure during surgery. J Perioper Pract 2006; 16:495-500.
    • (2006) J Perioper Pract , vol.16 , pp. 495-500
    • Stringer, B.1    Haines, T.2
  • 143
    • 34247092378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus-infected health care workers: A feasible option to prevent work restriction without jeopardizing patient safety
    • Buster EH, van der Eijk AA, de Man RA, Janssen HL, Schalm SW. Prolonged antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus-infected health care workers: a feasible option to prevent work restriction without jeopardizing patient safety. J Viral Hepat 2007; 14:350-354.
    • (2007) J Viral Hepat , vol.14 , pp. 350-354
    • Buster, E.H.1    Van Der Eijk, A.A.2    De Man, R.A.3    Janssen, H.L.4    Schalm, S.W.5
  • 144
    • 0036798931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of the hands-free technique in reducing operating theatre injuries
    • Stringer B, Infante-Rivard C, Hanley JA. Effectiveness of the hands-free technique in reducing operating theatre injuries. Occup Environ Med 2002; 59:703-707.
    • (2002) Occup Environ Med , vol.59 , pp. 703-707
    • Stringer, B.1    Infante-Rivard, C.2    Hanley, J.A.3
  • 145
  • 146
    • 0035934568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: A randomised trial
    • Manns MP, McHutchison JG, Gordon SC, et al. Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomised trial. Lancet 2001; 358(9286):958-965.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , Issue.9286 , pp. 958-965
    • Manns, M.P.1    McHutchison, J.G.2    Gordon, S.C.3
  • 147
    • 0037179698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection
    • Fried MW, Shiffman ML, Reddy KR, et al. Peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med 2002; 347(13):975-982.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.347 , Issue.13 , pp. 975-982
    • Fried, M.W.1    Shiffman, M.L.2    Reddy, K.R.3
  • 148
    • 0027531565 scopus 로고
    • HIV-infected health care professionals: Public opinion about testing, disclosing, and switching
    • Gerbert B, Bleecker T, Berlin M, Coates TJ. HIV-infected health care professionals: public opinion about testing, disclosing, and switching. Arch Intern Med 1993; 153:313-320.
    • (1993) Arch Intern Med , vol.153 , pp. 313-320
    • Gerbert, B.1    Bleecker, T.2    Berlin, M.3    Coates, T.J.4
  • 149
    • 0024470801 scopus 로고
    • Physicians and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: What patients think about human immunodeficiency virus in medical practice
    • Gerbert B, Maguire B, Hulley S, Coates T. Physicians and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: What patients think about human immunodeficiency virus in medical practice. JAMA 1989; 262:1969-1972.
    • (1989) JAMA , vol.262 , pp. 1969-1972
    • Gerbert, B.1    Maguire, B.2    Hulley, S.3    Coates, T.4
  • 150
    • 0346823196 scopus 로고
    • American Hospital Association (AHA)., Chicago IL: AHA
    • American Hospital Association (AHA). Patients' bill of rights. Chicago, IL: AHA; 1975.
    • (1975) Patients' Bill of Rights
  • 151
    • 0347453955 scopus 로고
    • American Hospital Association (AHA)., 3rd ed. Chicago IL: AHA
    • American Hospital Association (AHA). Management of HIV infection in the hospital. 3rd ed. Chicago, IL: AHA; 1988.
    • (1988) Management of HIV Infection in the Hospital
  • 153
    • 25444448727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated U.S. public health service guidelines for the management of occupational exposures to HIV and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis
    • Panlilio AL, Cardo DM, Grohskopf LA, Heneine W, Ross CS. Updated U.S. Public Health Service guidelines for the management of occupational exposures to HIV and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis. MMWR Recomm Rep 2005; 54:1-17.
    • (2005) MMWR Recomm Rep , vol.54 , pp. 1-17
    • Panlilio, A.L.1    Cardo, D.M.2    Grohskopf, L.A.3    Heneine, W.4    Ross, C.S.5
  • 154
    • 0035968189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated U.S. public health service guidelines for the management of occupational exposures to HBV, HCV, and HIV and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Occupational Exposures to HBV, HCV, and HIV and Recommendations for Postexposure Prophylaxis. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2001; 50:1-52.
    • (2001) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.50 , pp. 1-52


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.