Endotoxin release from biologically active bench-scale drinking water anthracite/sand filters

Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology - AQUA

Volumn 57, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 585-597

  Anderson, William B ^a   Mayfield, Colin I ^a   Huck, Peter M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Biofilters; Drinking water; Endotoxin; HPC bacteria; Potassium

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL CELLS; BIOLOGICAL FILTERS; DRINKING WATER; EFFLUENT WATERS; ENDOTOXIN; FLOWTHROUGH; HPC BACTERIA; INTERSTITIAL WATER; MEAN CONCENTRATIONS; NORMAL OPERATIONS; OPERATING CONDITION; PORE VOLUME; POTENTIAL RISKS;

BACTERIOLOGY; BIOFILTERS; BIOFILTRATION; CELL DEATH; DIALYSIS; POTABLE WATER; POTASSIUM; WATER FILTRATION;

EFFLUENTS;

ANTHRACITE; BIOFILTRATION; CHLORINATION; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DRINKING WATER; EFFLUENT; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; MORTALITY; POTASSIUM; SAMPLE PREPARATION; SAND; TOXIN;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

EID: 77149173142     PISSN: 00037214     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2166/aqua.2008.119     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Anderson, W. B. 2004 Endotoxins in Drinking Water: Mechanisms of Release from Biofilms and Response to Treatment Technologies. PhD Thesis. University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
2. Anderson, W. B., Dixon, D. G. & Mayfield, C. I. 2007 Estimation of endotoxin inhalation from shower and humidifier exposure reveals potential risk to human health. J. Water Health 5(4), 553-572.
3. Anderson, W. B., Huck, P. M., Dixon, D. G. & Mayfield, C. I. 2003a Endotoxin inactivation in water by using medium pressure UV lamps. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69(5), 3002-3004.
4. Anderson, W. B., Mayfield, C. I., Dixon, D. G. & Huck, P. M. 2003b Endotoxin inactivation by selected drinking water treatment oxidants. Water Res. 37(19), 4553-4560.
5. Anderson, W. B., Slawson, R. M. & Mayfield, C. I. 2002 A review of drinking-water-associated endotoxin, including potential routes of human exposure. Can. J. Microbiol. 48(7), 567-587.
6. Beveridge, T. J. 1999 Structures of Gram-negative cell walls and their derived membrane vesicles (minireview). J. Bacteriol. 181(16), 4725-4733.
7. Brewer, W. S. & Carmichael, W. W. 1979 Microbiological characterization of granular activated carbon filter systems. J. AWWA 71(12), 738-740.
8. Burlingame, G. A., Suffet, I. H. & Pipes, W. O. 1986 Predominant bacterial genera in granular activated carbon water treatment systems. Can. J. Microbiol. 32, 226-230.
9. Camper, A. K. 1994 Coliform regrowth and biofilm accumulation in drinking water systems: a review. In: Geesey, G. G., Lewandowski, Z. & Flemming, H.-C. (eds) Biofouling and Biocorrosion in Industrial Water Systems. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, Ch 6.
10. Dawson, M. E. 1994 Endotoxin standards and CSE potency. LAL Update (Associates of Cape Cod Incorporated, Falmouth, MA) 11(3), 2-5.
11. Hindman, S. H., Favero, M. S., Carson, L. A., Peterson, N. J., Schonberger, L. B. & Solano, J. T. 1975 Pyrogenic reactions during haemodialysis caused by extramural endotoxins. Lancet II 7938, 732-734.
12. Huck, P. M., Finch, G. R., Hrudey, S. E., Peppler, M. S., Amirtharajah, A., Bouwer, E. J., Albritton, W. L. & Gammie, L. 1998 Design of Biological Processes for Organics Control. Report No. 90722. American Water Works Association Research Foundation, Denver, CO.
13. Ingraham, J. L., Maaløe, O. & Neidhardt, F. C. 1983 Growth of the Bacterial Cell. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
14. Korsholm, E. & Søgaard, H. 1988 An evaluation of direct microscopical counts and endotoxin measurements as alternatives for total plate counts. Water Res. 22, 783-788.
15. Metzger, J. W., Patterson, R., Fink, J., Smerdijan, R. & Roberts, M. 1976 Sauna-takers' disease: hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to contaminated water in a home sauna. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 236, 2209.
16. Muittari, A., Kuusisto, P., Virtanen, P., Sovijärvi, A., Grönroos, P., Harmoinen, A., Antila, P. & Kellomäki, L. 1980a An epidemic of intrinsic allergic alveolitus caused by tap water. Clin. Allergy 10, 77-90.
17. Muittari, A., Rylander, R. & Salkinoja-Salonen, M. 1980b Endotoxin and bath-water fever. Lancet II 8185, 89.
18. Prescott, L. M., Harley, J. P. & Klein, D. A. 2002 Microbiology, 5th edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 799-801.
19. Rapala, J., Lahti, K., Räsänen, L. A., Esala, A.-L., Niemelä, S. I. & Sivonen, K. 2002 Endotoxins associated with cyanobacteria and their removal during drinking water treatment. Water Res. 36(10), 2627-2635.
20. Rapala, J., Niemelä, M., Berg, K. A., Lepistö, L. & Lahti, K. 2006 Removal of cyanobacteria, cyanotoxins, heterotrophic bacteria and endotoxins at an operating surface water treatment plant. Water Sci. Technol. 54(3), 23-28.
21. Rylander, R. & Haglind, P. 1984 Airborne endotoxins and humidifier disease. Clin. Allergy 14, 109-112.
22. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 1998 20th edition. American Public Health Association/ American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation, Washington, DC.
23. Williams, K. L. 2001 Endotoxins, Pyrogens, LAL Testing, and Depyrogenation, 2nd edition. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 15-16.