The outcomes of dynamic procedures for blink restoration in pediatric facial paralysis

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Volumn 125, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 629-644

  Terzis, Julia K ^a   Karypidis, Dimitrios ^a  

^a EASTERN VIRGINIA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; BLINKING; CHILD; CONVALESCENCE; EYELID; FACE MUSCLE; FACIAL NERVE; FACIAL NERVE PARALYSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE; INFANT; INNERVATION; MALE; NERVE TRANSPLANTATION; NEUROSURGERY; PECTORALIS MAJOR MUSCLE; PHYSIOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; TRANSPLANTATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TRIGEMINAL NERVE;

ADOLESCENT; BLINKING; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; EYELIDS; FACIAL MUSCLES; FACIAL NERVE; FACIAL PARALYSIS; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE; INFANT; MALE; NERVE TRANSFER; NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES; PECTORALIS MUSCLES; RECOVERY OF FUNCTION; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TRIGEMINAL NERVE;

EID: 76949103438     PISSN: 00321052     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181c91f69     Document Type: Review

References (39)

1. McMonnies CW. Incomplete blinking: Exposure keratopathy, lid wiper epitheliopathy, dry eye, refractive surgery, and dry contact lenses. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2007;30:37-51.
2. Pennypacker HS. External inhibition of the conditioned eyelid reflex. J Exp Psychol. 1964;67:33-40.
3. Smellie GD. Restoration of the blinking reflex in facial palsy by a simple lid-load operation. Br J Plast Surg. 1966;19:279-283.
4. Shahani B. The human blink reflex J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1970;33:792-800.
5. Marinacci AA. Orbicularis oculi (blink) reflex in Bell's palsy. Bull Los Angeles Neurol Soc. 1973;38:126-137.
6. Kimura J. Electrically elicited blink reflex in diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: Review of 260 patients over a seven-year period. Brain 1975;98:413-426.
7. Sela M, Taicher S. Restoration of movement to the upper eyelid in facial palsy by an individual gold implant prosthesis. J Prosthet Dent. 1984;52:88-90.
8. May M. Gold weight and wire spring implants as alternatives to tarsorrhaphy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1987;113: 656-660.
9. O'Connell JE, Robin PE. Eyelid gold weights in the management of facial palsy. J Laryngol Otol. 1991;105:471-474.
10. Danziger N, Chassande B, Lamas G, Fligny I, Soudant J, Willer JC. Partial restoration of blink reflex function after spinal accessory-facial nerve anastomosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995;58:222-226.
11. Terzis JK, Bruno W. Outcomes with eye reanimation microsurgery. Facial Plast Surg. 2002;18:101-112.
12. Terzis JK, Kyere SA. Minitendon graft transfer for suspension of the paralyzed lower eyelid: Our experience. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;121:1206-1216.
13. Terzis JK, Kyere SA. Experience with the gold weight and palpebral spring in the management of paralytic lagophthalmos. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;121:806-815.
14. Cruccu G, Iannetti GD, Marx JJ, et al. Brainstem reflex circuits revisited. Brain 2005;128:386-394.
15. Esteban A. A neurophysiological approach to brainstem reflexes: Blink reflex. Neurophysiol Clin. 1999;29:7-38.
16. Robinson J, Moseley MJ, Thompson JR, Fielder AR. Eyelid opening in preterm neonates. Arch Dis Child. 1989;64:943-948.
17. Kim DW, Ali MJ. Modified retrograde approach to upper eyelid static loading. Laryngoscope 2007;117:2110-2114.
18. Terzis JK. 'Babysitters': An exciting new concept in facial reanimation. Facial nerve. In: Castro D, ed. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on the Facial Nerve, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; October 2-5 1988. Amsterdam: Kugler and Ghedini; 1990:525
19. Terzis JK, Konofaos P. Nerve transfers in facial palsy. Facial Plast Surg. 2008;24:177-193.
20. Ettl A, Priglinger S, Kramer J, Koornneef L. Functional anatomy of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle and its connective tissue system. Br J Ophthalmol. 1996;80:702-707.
21. Cheng NC, Liao SL, Wang IJ, Lin IC, Tang YB. Fiber type and myosin heavy chain compositions of adult pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle. J Mol Histol. 2007;38:177-182.
22. Lee KK, Terzis JK. Reanimation of the eye sphincter. In: Portmann M, ed. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium of the Facial Nerve, Bordeaux, France; September 3-6, 1984. New York: Masson; 1985.
23. Vaughan DW. Effects of advancing age on the central response of rat facial neurons to axotomy: Light microscope morphometry. Anat Rec. 1990;228:211-219.
24. Sakurai M, Miyasaka Y. Neural fibrosis and the effect of neurolysis. J Bone Joint Surg (Br.) 1986;68:483-488.
25. Streppel M, Angelov DN, Guntinas-Lichius O, et al. Slow axonal regrowth but extreme hyperinnervation of target muscle after suture of the facial nerve in aged rats. Neurobiol Aging 1998;19:83-88.
26. Kiziltan ME, Uzun N, Kiziltan G, Savrun FK. The influence of age in peripheral facial palsy on brainstem reflex excitability. Neurol India 2005;53:318-322; discussion 322.
27. Nacimiento W, Podoll K, Graeber MB, et al. Contralateral early blink reflex in patients with facial nerve palsy: Indication for synaptic reorganization in the facial nucleus during regeneration. J Neurol Sci. 1992;109:148-155.
28. Johansson BB. Brain plasticity in health and disease. Keio J Med. 2004;53:231-246.
29. Bach-y-Rita P. Brain plasticity as a basis for recovery of function in humans. Neuropsychologia 1990;28:547-554.
30. Horn AK, Büttner-Ennever JA, Gayde M, Messoudi A. Neuroanatomical identification of mesencephalic premotor neurons coordinating eyelid with upgaze in the monkey and man. J Comp Neurol. 2000;420:19-34.
31. Gong S, DeCuypere M, Zhao Y, LeDoux MS. Cerebral cortical control of orbicularis oculi motoneurons. Brain Res. 2005;1047:177-193.
32. Willer JC, Lamas G, Fligny I, Soudant J. Hypoglossal-facial anastomosis alters excitability of hypoglossal motoneurones in man. Neurosci Lett. 1993;155:212-215.
33. Catalano PJ, Bergstein MJ, Biller HF. Comprehensive management of the eye in facial paralysis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:81-86.
34. Burrows AM. The facial expression musculature in primates and its evolutionary significance. Bioessays 2008;30:212-225.
35. Frey M, Giovanoli P, Tzou CH, Kropf N, Friedl S. Dynamic reconstruction of eye closure by muscle transposition or functional muscle transplantation in facial palsy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;114:865-875.
36. Cheney ML, McKenna MJ, Megerian CA, Ojemann RG. Early temporalis muscle transposition for the management of facial paralysis. Laryngoscope 1995;105:993-1000.
37. May M, Drucker C. Temporalis muscle for facial reanimation: A 13-year experience with 224 procedures. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1993;119:378-382; discussion 383-384.
38. Levine RE. Reanimation of paralyzed eyelids. Facial Plast Surg. 1992;8:121-126.
39. Terzis JK. Pectoralis minor: A unique muscle for correction of facial palsy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1989;83:767-776.