Flexible Bronchoscopy and its Role in the Staging of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Clinics in Chest Medicine

Volumn 31, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 87-100

  Herth, Felix J F ^a   Eberhardt, Ralf ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Electromagnetic navigation; Endobronchial ultrasound; Flexible bronchoscopy; Transbronchial needle aspiration

Indexed keywords

ASPIRATION BIOPSY; BACTEREMIA; BRONCHOSCOPY; CANCER STAGING; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; ENDOBRONCHIAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY; ENDOSCOPIC ECHOGRAPHY; FLUOROSCOPY; HUMAN; LUNG ALVEOLUS CELL CARCINOMA; LUNG LAVAGE; LUNG LESION; LUNG NODULE; LUNG NON SMALL CELL CANCER; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; MEDIASTINUM LYMPH NODE; MINIMALLY INVASIVE PROCEDURE; PERICARDITIS; PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM; PNEUMOTHORAX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION EXPOSURE; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING; TRANSBRONCHIAL ASPIRATION; TRANSBRONCHIAL BIOPSY;

BRONCHOSCOPY; CARCINOMA, NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG; ENDOSONOGRAPHY; HUMANS; LUNG NEOPLASMS; NEOPLASM STAGING;

EID: 76749159972     PISSN: 02725231     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2009.08.006     Document Type: Review

References (110)

1. KilIian G. Ueber directe bronchoscopie. MMW 27 (1898) 844-847
2. Jackson C.H. The life of Chevalier Jackson: an autobiography (1938), Macmillan, New York
3. Ohata M. History and progress of bronchology in Japan. JJSB 20 (1998) 539-546
4. Barlési F., Doddoli C., Greillier L., et al. Bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of lung cancer: an evaluation of current practice. Rev Mal Respir 23 (2006) 17-26
5. Becker H.D., Shirakawa T., Tanaka F., et al. Transbronchial lung biopsy in the immunocompromised patient. Eur Respir Mon 9 (1998) 193-208
6. Mazzone P., Jain P., Arroliga A.C., et al. Bronchoscopy and needle biopsy techniques for diagnosing and staging of lung cancer. Clin Chest Med 23 1 (2002) 137-158
7. El-Bayoumi E., and Silvestri G.A. Bronchoscopy for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 29 3 (2008) 261-270
8. Wahidi M.M., Herth F.J., and Ernst A. State of the art: interventional pulmonology. Chest 131 1 (2007) 261-274
9. Herth F.J.F., and Ernst A. Innovative bronchoscopic diagnostic techniques: endobronchial ultrasound and electromagnetic navigation. Curr Opin Pulm Med 11 4 (2005) 278-281
10. Folch E., and Mehta A.C. Airway interventions in the tracheobronchial tree. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 29 4 (2008) 441-452
11. Herth F.J.F., and Eberhardt R. Interventional bronchoscopy. Minvera Pneumol 43 (2004) 189-201
12. Gasparini S., Ferrety M., Such E., et al. Integration of transbronchial and percutaneous approach in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary nodules or masses: experience with 1027 consecutive cases. Chest 108 (1995) 131-137
13. Govert J.A., Dodd L.G., Kussin P.S., et al. A prospective comparison of fiberoptic transbronchial needle aspiration and bronchial biopsy for bronchoscopically visible lung carcinoma. Cancer 87 (1999) 129-134
14. Govert J.A., Kopita J.M., Matehar D., et al. Cost-effectiveness of collecting cytologic specimens during fiberoptic bronchoscopy for endoscopically visible lung tumors. Chest 109 (1996) 451-456
15. De Gracia J., Bravo C., Miravitalles M., et al. Diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage in peripheral lung cancer. Am Rev Respir Dis 147 (1993) 649-652
16. Fabin E., Nagy M., and Meszaros G. Experiences with bronchial brushing method. Acta Cytol 19 (1975) 320-321
17. Fedullo A.J., and Ettensohn D.B. Bronchoalveolar lavage in the lymphangitic spread of adenocarcinoma to the lung. Chest 87 (1985) 129-131
18. Semenzato G., Spatafora M., Feruglio C., et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage and the immunology of lung cancer. Lung 168 (1990) 1041-1049
19. Rennard S.I. Bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of cancer. Lung 168 (1990) 1035-1040
20. Garg S., Handa U., Mohan H., et al. Comparative analysis of various cytohistological techniques in diagnosis of lung diseases. Diagn Cytopathol 35 1 (2007) 26-31
21. Emad A., and Emad V. The value of BAL fluid LDH level in differentiating benign from malignant solitary pulmonary nodules. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 134 4 (2008) 489-493
22. Azoulay E., and Schlemmer B. Diagnostic strategy in cancer patients with acute respiratory failure. Intensive Care Med 32 6 (2006) 808-822
23. Wilson R.W., and Frazier A.A. Pathological-radiological correlations: pathological and radiological correlation of endobronchial neoplasms: part II, malignant tumors. Ann Diagn Pathol 2 1 (1998) 31-34
24. Simoff M.J. Endobronchial management of advanced lung cancer. Cancer Control 8 4 (2001) 337-343
25. Schreiber G., and McCrory D.C. Performance characteristics of different modalities for diagnosis of suspected lung cancer: summary of published evidence. Chest 123 Suppl 1 (2003) 115S-128S
26. Dasgupta A., Jain P., Minai O.A., et al. Utility of transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of endobronchial lesions. Chest 115 (1999) 1237-1241
27. Dasgupta A., and Mehta A.C. Transbronchial needle aspiration: an underused diagnostic technique. Clin Chest Med 20 (1999) 39-51
28. Gasparini S. Evolving role of interventional pulmonology in the interdisciplinary approach to the staging and management of lung cancer: bronchoscopic mediastinal staging of lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 8 2 (2006) 110-115
29. Horsley J.R., Miller R.E., Amy R.W.M., et al. Bronchial submucosal needle aspiration performed through the fiberoptic bronchoscope. Acta Cytol 28 (1984) 211-217
30. Gasparini S. Bronchoscopic biopsy techniques in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 4 (1997) 392-398
31. Hanson R.R., Zavala D.C., Rhodes M.L., et al. Transbronchial biopsy via flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope: result in 164 patients. Am Rev Respir Dis 114 (1976) 67-72
32. Pisani R.J., and Wright A.J. Clinical utility of bronchoalveolar lavage in immunocompromised hosts. Mayo Clin Proc 67 3 (1992) 221-227
33. Cortese D.A., and McDougaIl J.C. Biopsy and brushing of peripheral lung cancers with fluoroscopic guidance. Chest 75 (1979) 141-145
34. Yung R.C. Tissue diagnosis of suspected lung cancer: selecting between bronchoscopy, transthoracic needle aspiration, and resectional biopsy. Respir Care Clin N Am 9 1 (2003) 51-76
35. Liam C.K., Pang Y.K., and Poosparajah S. Diagnostic yield of flexible bronchoscopic procedures in lung cancer patients according to tumour location. Singapore Med J 48 7 (2007) 625-631
36. Ellis Jr. J.H. Transbronchial biopsy via the fiberoptic bronchoscope: experience with 107 consecutive cases and comparison with bronchial brushing. Chest 68 (1975) 524-532
37. Baaklini W.A., Reinoso M.A., Gorin A.B., et al. Diagnostic yield of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in evaluating solitary pulmonary nodules. Chest 117 4 (2000) 1049-1054
38. Schwarz Y., Mehta A.C., Ernst A., et al. Electromagnetic navigation during flexible bronchoscopy. Respiration 70 (2003) 516-522
39. Becker H.D., Herth F., Ernst A., et al. Bronchoscopic biopsy of peripheral lung lesions under electromagnetic guidance. J Bronchol 12 (2005) 9-13
40. Schwarz Y., Greif J., Becker H.D., et al. Real-time electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy to peripheral lung lesions using overlaid CT images: the first human study. Chest 129 (2006) 988-994
41. Gildea T.R., Mazzone P.J., Karnak D., et al. Electromagnetic navigation diagnostic bronchoscopy: a prospective study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 174 (2006) 982-989
42. Eberhardt R., Anantham D., Herth F.J.F., et al. Electromagnetic navigation diagnostic bronchoscopy in peripheral lung lesions. Chest 131 (2007) 1800-1805
43. Makris D., Scherpereel A., Leroy S., et al. Electromagnetic navigation diagnostic bronchoscopy for small peripheral lung lesions. Eur Respir J 29 6 (2007) 1187-1192
44. Herth F., Ernst A., and Becker H. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial lung biopsy in solitary pulmonary nodules and peripheral lesions. Eur Respir J 20 (2002) 972-974
45. Shirakawa T., Imamura F., Hamamoto J., et al. Usefulness of endobronchial ultrasonography for transbronchial lung biopsies of peripheral lung lesions. Respiration 71 (2004) 260-268
46. Paone G., Nicastri E., Lucantoni G., et al. Endobronchial ultrasound-driven biopsy in the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions. Chest 128 (2005) 3551-3557
47. Herth F.J., Becker H.D., Ernst A., et al. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial lung biopsy in fluoroscopically invisible solitary pulmonary nodules: a prospective trial. Chest 129 (2006) 147-150
48. Dooms C.A., Verbeken E.K., Becker H.D., et al. Endobronchial ultrasonography in bronchoscopic occult pulmonary lesions. J Thorac Oncol 2 (2007) 121-124
49. Kurimoto N., Miyazawa T., Okimasa S., et al. Endobronchial ultrasonography using a guide sheath increases the ability to diagnose peripheral pulmonary lesions endoscopically. Chest 126 (2004) 959-965
50. Kikuchi E., Yamazaki K., Sukoh N., et al. Endobronchial ultrasonography with guide-sheath for peripheral pulmonary lesions. Eur Respir J 24 (2004) 533-537
51. Asahina H., Yamazaki K., Onodera Y., et al. Transbronchial biopsy using endobronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath and virtual bronchoscopic navigation. Chest 128 (2005) 1761-1765
52. Eberhardt R., Anantham D., Ernst A., et al. Multimodality bronchoscopic diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 176 (2007) 36-41
53. Schieppati E. La puncion mediastinal a traves del espolon traqueal. Rev Asoc Med Argent 663 (1949) 497-499
54. Schieppati E. Mediastinal lymph nodes puncture through the tracheal carina. Surg Gynecol Obstet 107 (1958) 243-246
55. Wang K.P., Terry P.B., and Marsh B. Bronchoscopic needle aspiration biopsy of paratracheal tumors. Am Rev Respir Dis 118 (1978) 17-21
56. Oho K., Kato H., Ogawa I., et al. A new needle for transfiberoptic bronchoscope use. Chest 76 (1979) 492
57. Wang K.P., Marsh B.R., Summer W.R., et al. Transbronchial needle aspiration for diagnosis of lung cancer. Chest 80 (1981) 48-50
58. Wang K.P., and Terry P.B. Transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis and staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. Am Rev Respir Dis 127 (1983) 344-347
59. Wang K.P., Britt E.J., Haponik E.F., et al. Rigid transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy for histological specimens. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 94 (1985) 382-385
60. Schenk D.A., Bower J.H., Bryan C.L., et al. Transbronchial needle aspiration staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. Am Rev Respir Dis 134 (1986) 146-148
61. Dasgupta A., Mehta A.C., and Wang K.P. Transbronchial needle aspiration. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 18 (1997) 571-581
62. Schenk D.A., Chambers S.L., Derdak S., et al. Comparison of the Wang 19 gauge and 22 gauge needles in the mediastinal staging of lung cancer. Am Rev Respir Dis 147 (1993) 1251-1258
63. Salazar A.M., and Westcott J.L. The role of transthoracic needle biopsy for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. Clin Chest Med 14 (1993) 99-110
64. Jain P., Arroliga A., and Mehta A.C. Cost-effectiveness of transbronchial needle aspiration in the staging of lung cancer. Chest 110 (1996) 24s
65. Wang K.P., Haponik E.F., Gupta P.K., et al. Flexible transbronchial needle aspiration: technical considerations. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 93 (1984) 233-236
66. Shure D., and Fedullo P.F. The role of transcarinal needle aspiration in the staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. Chest 86 (1984) 693-696
67. Utz J.P., Ashok M.P., and Edell E.S. The role of transcarinal needle aspiration in the staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. Chest 104 (1993) 1012-1016
68. Chin Jr. R., McCain T.W., Lucia M.A., et al. Transbronchial needle aspiration in diagnosing and staging lung cancer. How many aspirates are needed?. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166 (2002) 377-381
69. Gasparini S., Zuccatosta L., and De Nictolis M. Transbronchial needle aspiration of mediastinal lesions. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 1 (2000) 29-32
70. Herth F.J., Becker H.D., and Ernst A. Ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration: an experience in 242 patients. Chest 123 (2003) 604-607
71. Herth F., Becker H.D., and Ernst A. Conventional vs endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration: a randomized trial. Chest 125 1 (2004) 322-325
72. Wang K.P., Brower R., Haponik E.F., et al. Flexible transbronchial needle aspiration for staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. Chest 84 (1983) 571-576
73. Harrow E.M., Abi-Saleh W., Blum J., et al. The utility of transbronchial needle aspiration in the staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161 (2000) 601-607
74. Talebian M., Recanatini A., Zuccatosta L., et al. Hemomediastinum as a consequence of transbronchial needle aspiration. J Bronchol 11 (2004) 178-180
75. Witte M.C., Opal S.M., Gilbert J.G., et al. Incidence of fever and bacteraemia following transbronchial needle aspiration. Chest 89 (1986) 85-87
76. Sterling B.E. Complication with a transbronchial histology needle. Chest 98 (1990) 783-784
77. Schuder G., Isringhaus H., Kubale B., et al. Endoscopic ultrasonography of the mediastinum in the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 39 (1991) 299-303
78. Vilmann P. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of lymph nodes. Gastrointest Endosc 43 (1996) S24-S29
79. Vilmann P. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy in Europe. Endoscopy 30 (1998) 161-162
80. Wiersema M.J., Vilmann P., Giovannini M., et al. Endosonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy: diagnostic accuracy and complication assessment. Gastroenterology 112 (1997) 1087-1095
81. Vilmann P., Hancke S., Henriksen F.W., et al. Endosonographically-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of malignant lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy 25 8 (1993) 523-527
82. Aabakken L., Silvestri G.A., Hawes R.H., et al. Cost-efficacy of endoscopic ultrasonography with fine-needle aspiration vs. mediastinotomy in patients with lung cancer and suspected mediastinal adenopathy. Endoscopy 31 (1999) 707-711
83. Hunerbein M., Ghadimi B.M., Haensch W., et al. Transesophageal biopsy of mediastinal and pulmonary tumors by means of endoscopic ultrasound guidance. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 116 (1998) 554-559
84. Claussen M., Annema J.T., Welker L., et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration in pulmonary medicine. Pneumologie 58 6 (2004) 435-442
85. Micames C.G., McCrory D.C., Pavey D.A., et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for non-small cell lung cancer staging: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Chest 131 2 (2007) 539-548
86. Fritscher-Ravens A., Sriram P.V., Bobrowski C., et al. Mediastinal lymphadenopathy in patients with or without previous malignancy: EUS-FNA-based differential cytodiagnosis in 153 patients. Am J Gastroenterol 95 (2000) 2278-2284
87. Chang K.J., Erickson R.A., and Nguyen P. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration of the left adrenal gland. Gastrointest Endosc 44 (1996) 568-572
88. Annema J.T., Hoekstra O.S., Smit E.F., et al. Towards a minimally invasive staging strategy in NSCLC: analysis of PET positive mediastinal lesions by EUS-FNA. Lung Cancer 44 1 (2004) 53-60
89. Hawes R.H., Gress F.G., Kesler K.A., et al. Endoscopic ultrasound versus computed tomography in the evaluation of the mediastinum in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Endoscopy 26 (1994) 784-787
90. Barawi M., Gottlieb K., Cunha B., et al. A prospective evaluation of the incidence of bacteremia associated with EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration. Gastrointest Endosc 53 (2001) 189-192
91. Rabe K.F., Welker L., and Magnussen H. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) of the mediastinum: safety, specificity, and results of cytology. Eur Respir J 12 (1998) 974
92. Annema J.T., Veselic M., Versteegh M.I., et al. Mediastinitis caused by EUS-FNA of a bronchogenic cyst. Endoscopy 35 9 (2003) 791-793
93. Herth F.J.F., Krasnik M., Yasufuku K., et al. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration: how I do it. J Bronchol 13 2 (2006) 84-91
94. Krasnik M., Vilmann P., Larsen S.S., et al. Preliminary experience with a new method of endoscopic transbronchial real time ultrasound guided biopsy for diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar lesions. Thorax 58 12 (2003) 1083-1086
95. Yasufuku K., Chhajed P.N., Sekine Y., et al. Endobronchial ultrasound using a new convex probe: a preliminary study on surgically resected specimens. Oncol Rep 11 2 (2004) 293-296
96. Yasufuku K., Chiyo M., Sekine Y., et al. Real-time endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. Chest 126 (2004) 122-128
97. Rintoul R.C., Skwarski K.M., Murchison J.T., et al. Endobronchial and endoscopic ultrasound-guided real-time fine-needle aspiration for mediastinal staging. Eur Respir J 25 (2005) 416-421
98. Herth F.J., Eberhardt R., Vilmann P., et al. Real-time endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration for sampling mediastinal lymph nodes. Thorax 61 9 (2006) 795-798
99. Herth F.J., Ernst A., Eberhardt R., et al. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration of lymph nodes in the radiologically normal mediastinum. Eur Respir J 28 (2006) 910-914
100. Yasufuku K., Nakajima T., Motoori K., et al. Comparison of endobronchial ultrasound, positron emission tomography, and computed tomography for lymph node staging of lung cancer. Chest 130 (2006) 710-718
101. Herth F.J., Annema J.T., Eberhardt R., et al. Endobronchial ultrasound with transbronchial needle aspiration for restaging the mediastinum in lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 26 (2008) 3346-3350
102. Tournoy K.G., Rintoul R.C., van Meerbeeck J.P., et al. EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of central parenchymal lung lesions not visible at routine bronchoscopy. Lung Cancer 63 (2009) 45-49
103. Herth F.J., Rabe K.F., Gasparini S., et al. Transbronchial and transoesophageal (ultrasound-guided) needle aspirations for the analysis of mediastinal lesions. Eur Respir J 28 (2006) 1264-1275
104. Herth F.J., and Eberhardt R. Actual role of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS). Eur Radiol 17 7 (2007) 1806-1812
105. Uchida J., Imamura F., Takenaka A., et al. Improved diagnostic efficacy by rapid cytology test in fluoroscopy-guided bronchoscopy. J Thorac Oncol 1 4 (2006) 314-318
106. Baram D., Garcia R.B., and Richman P.S. Impact of rapid on-site cytologic evaluation during transbronchial needle aspiration. Chest 128 2 (2005) 869-875
107. Gasparini S. It is time for this 'ROSE' to flower. Respiration 72 2 (2005) 129-131
108. Omiya H., Nagatomo I., Yamamoto S., et al. Rapid staining with the modified Gill-Shorr method for reliable, rapid bronchoscopic diagnosis. Acta Cytol 50 4 (2006) 444-446
109. Davenport R.D. Rapid on-site evaluation of transbronchial aspirates. Chest 98 (1990) 59-61
110. Diette G.B., White Jr. P., Terry P., et al. Utility of onsite cytopathology assessment for bronchoscopic evaluation of lung masses and adenopathy. Chest 117 (2000) 1186-1190