Individual and additive effects of the CNR1 and FAAH genes on brain response to marijuana cues

Neuropsychopharmacology

Volumn 35, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 967-975

  Filbey, Francesca M ^a,b   Schacht, Joseph P ^a,c   Myers, Ursula S ^a   Chavez, Robert S ^a   Hutchison, Kent E ^a,b  

^a MIND RESEARCH NETWORK   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

Cannabis; CNR1; FAAH; FMRI; Genes; Marijuana

Indexed keywords

CANNABINOID 1 RECEPTOR; CANNABIS; FATTY ACID AMIDASE;

ADULT; ALLELE; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; CANNABIS ADDICTION; CINGULATE GYRUS; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CNRI GENE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DNA DETERMINATION; FAAH GENE; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; GENE; GENOTYPE; HETEROZYGOSITY; HOMOZYGOSITY; HUMAN; MALE; NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS; ORBITAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REWARD; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AMIDOHYDROLASES; BRAIN; BRAIN MAPPING; CANNABINOIDS; CUES; DNA MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MARIJUANA ABUSE; MIDDLE AGED; OXYGEN; POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE; RECEPTOR, CANNABINOID, CB1; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 76749109409     PISSN: 0893133X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/npp.2009.200     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Agrawal A, Lynskey MT (2009). Candidate genes for cannabis use disorders: findings, challenges and directions. Addiction 104: 518-532.
2. Agrawal A, Wetherill L, Dick DM, Xuei X, Hinrichs A, Hesselbrock V et al (2008). Evidence for association between polymorphisms in the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene and cannabis dependence. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 150B: 736-740.
3. Arnone M, Maruani J, Chaperon F, Thiebot MH, Poncelet M, Soubrie P et al (1997). Selective inhibition of sucrose and ethanol intake by SR 141716, an antagonist of central cannabinoid (CB1) receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 132: 104-106.
4. Ballon N, Leroy S, Roy C, Bourdel MC, Charles-Nicolas A, Krebs MO et al (2006). (AAT)n repeat in the cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1): association with cocaine addiction in an African-Caribbean population. Pharmacogenomics J 6: 126-130.
5. Beckmann CF, Jenkinson M, Smith SM (2003). General multilevel linear modeling for group analysis in FMRI. Neuroimage 20: 1052-1063.
6. Berrendero F, Mendizabal V, Murtra P, Kieffer BL, Maldonado R (2003). Cannabinoid receptor and WIN 55 212-2-stimulated [35S]-GTPgammaS binding in the brain of mu-, delta-and kappa-opioid receptor knockout mice. Eur J Neurosci 18: 2197-2202.
7. Castane A, Valjent E, Ledent C, Parmentier M, Maldonado R, Valverde O (2002). Lack of CB1 cannabinoid receptors modifies nicotine behavioural responses, but not nicotine abstinence. Neuropharmacology 43: 857-867.
8. Cheer JF, Marsden CA, Kendall DA, Mason R (2000). Lack of response suppression follows repeated ventral tegmental canna-binoid administration: an in vitro electrophysiological study. Neuroscience 99: 661-667.
9. Chiang KP, Gerber AL, Sipe JC, Cravatt BF (2004). Reduced cellular expression and activity of the P129T mutant of human fatty acid amide hydrolase: evidence for a link between defects in the endocannabinoid system and problem drug use. Hum Mol Genet 13: 2113-2119.
10. Clapper JR, Mangieri RA, Piomelli D (2009). The endocannabinoid system as a target for the treatment of cannabis dependence. Neuropharmacology 56(Suppl 1): 235-243.
11. Comings DE, Muhleman D, Gade R, Johnson P, Verde R, Saucier G et al (1997). Cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1): association with i.v. drug use. Mol Psychiatry 2: 161-168.
12. Covault J, Gelernter J, Kranzler H (2001). Association study of cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1) alleles and drug dependence. Mol Psychiatry 6: 501-502.
13. Cravatt BF, Demarest K, Patricelli MP, Bracey MH, Giang DK, Martin BR et al (2001). Supersensitivity to anandamide and enhanced endogenous cannabinoid signaling in mice lacking fatty acid amide hydrolase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 9371-9376.
14. Cravatt BF, Lichtman AH (2003). Fatty acid amide hydrolase: an emerging therapeutic target in the endocannabinoid system. Curr Opin Chem Biol 7: 469-475.
15. Deichmann R, Gottfried JA, Hutton C, Turner R (2003). Optimized EPI for fMRI studies of the orbitofrontal cortex. Neuroimage 19(2 Pt 1): 430-441.
16. Diana M, Melis M, Muntoni AL, Gessa GL (1998). Mesolimbic dopaminergic decline after cannabinoid withdrawal. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 10269-10273.
17. Filbey FM, Ray L, Smolen A, Claus ED, Audette A, Hutchison KE (2008). Differential neural response to alcohol priming and alcohol taste cues is associated with DRD4 VNTR and OPRM1 genotypes. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 32: 1113-1123.
18. Filbey FM, Schacht JP, Myers US, Chavez RS, Hutchison KE (2009). Marijuana craving in the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 13016-13021.
19. Forget B, Coen KM, Le Foll B (2009). Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase reduces reinstatement of nicotine seeking but not break point for nicotine self-administration-comparison with CB(1) receptor blockade. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 205: 613-624.
20. Franklin TR, Wang Z, Wang J, Sciortino N, Harper D, Li Y et al (2007). Limbic activation to cigarette smoking cues independent of nicotine withdrawal: a perfusion fMRI study. Neuropsychopharmacology 32: 2301-2309.
21. Freire L, Mangin JF (2001). Motion correction algorithms may create spurious brain activations in the absence of subject motion. Neuroimage 14: 709-722. (Pubitemid 32801717)
22. Freire L, Roche A, Mangin JF (2002). What is the best similarity measure for motion correction in fMRI time series? IEEE Trans Med Imaging 21: 470-484.
23. French ED, Dillon K, Wu X (1997). Cannabinoids excite dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmentum and substantia nigra. Neuroreport 8: 649-652.
24. Gardner B, Zu LX, Sharma S, Liu Q, Makriyannis A, Tashkin DP et al (2002). Autocrine and paracrine regulation of lymphocyte CB2 receptor expression by TGF-beta. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 290: 91-96.
25. Goldstein RZ, Tomasi D, Alia-Klein N, Honorio Carrillo J, Maloney T, Woicik PA et al (2009). Dopaminergic response to drug words in cocaine addiction. J Neurosci 29: 6001-6006.
26. Hariri AR, Weinberger DR (2003). Imaging genomics. Br Med Bull 65: 259-270.
27. Hartman CA, Hopfer CJ, Haberstick B, Rhee SH, Crowley TJ, Corley RP et al (2009). The association between cannabinoid receptor 1 gene (CNR1) and cannabis dependence symptoms in adolescents and young adults. Drug Alcohol Depend 104: 11-16.
28. Haughey HM, Marshall E, Schacht JP, Louis A, Hutchison KE (2008). Marijuana withdrawal and craving: influence of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) genes. Addiction 103: 1678-1686.
29. Herman AI, Kranzler HR, Cubells JF, Gelernter J, Covault J (2006). Association study of the CNR1 gene exon 3 alternative promoter region polymorphisms and substance dependence. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 141B: 499-503.
30. Hopfer CJ, Young SE, Purcell S, Crowley TJ, Stallings MC, Corley RP et al (2006). Cannabis receptor haplotype associated with fewer cannabis dependence symptoms in adolescents. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 141B: 895-901.
31. Hutchison KE, Haughey H, Niculescu M, Schacht J, Kaiser A, Stitzel J et al (2008). The incentive salience of alcohol: translating the effects of genetic variant in CNR1. Arch Gen Psychiatry 65: 841-850.
32. Jenkinson M, Bannister P, Brady M, Smith S (2002). Improved optimization for the robust and accurate linear registration and motion correction of brain images. Neuroimage 17: 825-841.
33. Jenkinson M, Smith S (2001). A global optimisation method for robust affine registration of brain images. Med Image Anal 5: 143-156.
34. Justinova Z, Munzar P, Panlilio LV, Yasar S, Redhi GH, Tanda G et al (2008). Blockade of THC-seeking behavior and relapse in monkeys by the cannabinoid CB(1)-receptor antagonist rimonabant. Neuropsychopharmacology 33: 2870-2877.
35. Justinova Z, Tanda G, Redhi GH, Goldberg SR (2003). Self-administration of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) by drug naive squirrel monkeys. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 169: 135-140.
36. Kendler KS, Schmitt E, Aggen SH, Prescott CA (2008). Genetic and environmental influences on alcohol, caffeine, cannabis, and nicotine use from early adolescence to middle adulthood. Arch Gen Psychiatry 65: 674-682.
37. Le Foll B, Goldberg SR (2004). Rimonabant, a CB1 antagonist, blocks nicotine-conditioned place preferences. Neuroreport 15: 2139-2143.
38. Ledent C, Valverde O, Cossu G, Petitet F, Aubert JF, Beslot F et al (1999). Unresponsiveness to cannabinoids and reduced addictive effects of opiates in CB1 receptor knockout mice. Science 283: 401-404.
39. Li T, Liu X, Zhu ZH, Zhao J, Hu X, Ball DM et al (2000). No association between (AAT)n repeats in the cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1) and heroin abuse in a Chinese population. Mol Psychiatry 5: 128-130.
40. Lowe JB, Windsor RA, Adams B, Morris J, Reese Y (1986). Use of a bogus pipeline method to increase accuracy of self-reported alcohol consumption among pregnant women. J Stud Alcohol 47: 173-175.
41. Lyons MJ, Toomey R, Meyer JM, Green AI, Eisen SA, Goldberg J et al (1997). How do genes influence marijuana use? The role of subjective effects. Addiction 92: 409-417.
42. McClernon FJ, Hutchison KE, Rose JE, Kozink RV (2007). DRD4 VNTR polymorphism is associated with transient fMRI-BOLD responses to smoking cues. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 194: 433-441.
43. Racz I, Bilkei-Gorzo A, Toth ZE, Michel K, Palkovits M, Zimmer A (2003). A critical role for the cannabinoid CB1 receptors in alcohol dependence and stress-stimulated ethanol drinking. J Neurosci 23: 2453-2458.
44. Schacht JP, Selling RE, Hutchison KE (2009). Intermediate cannabis dependence phenotypes and the FAAH C385A variant: an exploratory analysis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 203: 511-517.
45. Scherma M, Panlilio LV, Fadda P, Fattore L, Gamaleddin I, Le Foll B et al (2008). Inhibition of anandamide hydrolysis by cyclohexyl carbamic acid 3-carbamoyl-3-yl ester (URB597) reverses abuse-related behavioral and neurochemical effects of nicotine in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 327: 482-490.
46. Schlosburg JE, Carlson BL, Ramesh D, Abdullah RA, Long JZ, Cravatt BF et al (2009). Inhibitors of endocannabinoid-metabolizing enzymes reduce precipitated withdrawal responses in THC-dependent mice. AAPS J 11: 342-352.
47. Schmidt LG, Samochowiec J, Finckh U, Fiszer-Piosik E, Horodnicki J, Wendel B et al (2002). Association of a CB1 cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1) polymorphism with severe alcohol dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 65: 221-224.
48. Solinas M, Justinova Z, Goldberg SR, Tanda G (2006). Anandamide administration alone and after inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) increases dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens shell in rats. J Neurochem 98: 408-419.
49. Tyndale RF, Payne JI, Gerber AL, Sipe JC (2007). The fatty acid amide hydrolase C385A (P129T) missense variant in cannabis users: studies of drug use and dependence in Caucasians. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 144B: 660-666.
50. Walker AH, Najarian D, White DL, Jaffe JF, Kanetsky PA, Rebbeck TR (1999). Collection of genomic DNA by buccal swabs for polymerase chain reaction-based biomarker assays. Environ Health Perspect 107: 517-520.
51. Weiskopf N, Hutton C, Josephs O, Turner R, Deichmann R (2007). Optimized EPI for fMRI studies of the orbitofrontal cortex: compensation of susceptibility-induced gradients in the readout direction. Magma 20: 39-49.
52. Wise LE, Cannavacciulo R, Cravatt BF, Martin BF, Lichtman AH (2008). Evaluation of fatty acid amides in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Neuropharmacology 54: 181-188.
53. Wiskerke J, Pattij T, Schoffelmeer AN, De Vries TJ (2008). The role of CB1 receptors in psychostimulant addiction. Addict Biol 13: 225-238.
54. Woolrich MW, Behrens TE, Beckmann CF, Jenkinson M, Smith SM (2004). Multilevel linear modelling for FMRI group analysis using Bayesian inference. Neuroimage 21: 1732-1747.
55. Zhang PW, Ishiguro H, Ohtsuki T, Hess J, Carillo F, Walther D et al (2004). Human cannabinoid receptor 1: 5 exons, candidate regulatory regions, polymorphisms, haplotypes and association with polysubstance abuse. Mol Psychiatry 9: 916-931.
56. Zuo L, Kranzler HR, Luo X, Covault J, Gelernter J (2007). CNR1 variation modulates risk for drug and alcohol dependence. Biol Psychiatry 62: 616-626.
57. Zuo L, Kranzler HR, Luo X, Yang BZ, Weiss R, Brady K et al (2009). Interaction between two independent CNR1 variants increases risk for cocaine dependence in European Americans: a replication study in family-based sample and population-based sample. Neuropsychopharmacology 34: 1504-1513.