White matter hyperintensities, cortisol levels, brain atrophy and continuing cognitive deficits in late-life depression

British Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 196, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 143-149

  Köhler, Sebastian ^a,b   Thomas, Alan J ^a   Lloyd, Adrian ^a   Barber, Robert ^a   Almeida, Osvaldo P ^c,d   O'Brien, John T ^a  

^a NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^d ROYAL PERTH HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; HYDROCORTISONE; LITHIUM; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; STEROID; VENLAFAXINE;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BRAIN; BRAIN ATROPHY; BRAIN DISEASE; BRAIN REGION; BRAIN SIZE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; FRONTAL LOBE; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMAN; HYDROCORTISONE BLOOD LEVEL; HYPERCORTISOLISM; LONG TERM MEMORY; MALE; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; NEUROIMAGING; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; SALIVA; SCORING SYSTEM; VELOCITY; VOLUMETRY; WHITE MATTER; WORKING MEMORY;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ATROPHY; BRAIN; COGNITION DISORDERS; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PROGNOSIS; SALIVA;

EID: 76749084792     PISSN: 00071250     EISSN: 14721465     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.109.071399     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Thomas AJ, O'Brien JT. Depression and cognition in older adults. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2008; 21: 8-13.
2. Bhalia RK, Butters MA, Mulsant BH, Begley AE, Zmuda MD, Schoderbek B, et al. Persistence of neuropsychologic deficits in the remitted state of late-life depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2006; 14: 419-27.
3. Lee JS, Potter GG, Wagner HR, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Steffens DC. Persistent mild cognitive impairment in geriatric depression. Int Psychogeriatr 2007; 19: 125-35.
4. Steffens DC, Byrum CE, McQuoid DR, Greenberg DL, Payne ME, Blitchington TF, et al. Hippocampal volume in geriatric depression. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 48: 301-9.
5. O'Brien JT, Lloyd A, McKeith I, Gholkar A, Ferrier N. A longitudinal study of hippocampal volume, cortisol levels, and cognition in older depressed subjects. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161: 2081-90.
6. Hickie I, Naismith S, Ward PB, Turner K, Scott E, Mitchell P, et al. Reduced hippocampal volumes and memory loss in patients with early- and late-onset depression. Br J Psychiatry 2005; 186: 197-202.
7. Schweitzer I, Tuckwell V, Ames D, O'Brien J. Structural neuroimaging studies in late-life depression: a review. World J Biol Psychiatry 2001; 2: 83-8.
8. Almeida OP, Burton EJ, Ferrier N, McKeith IG, O'Brien JT. Depression with late onset is associated with right frontal lobe atrophy. Psychol Med 2003; 33: 675-81.
9. Lavretsky H, Kurbanyan K, Ballmaier M, Mintz J, Toga A, Kumar A. Sex differences in brain structure in geriatric depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2004; 12: 653-7.
10. Herrmann LL, Le Masurier M, Ebmeier KP. White matter hyperintensities in late-life depression: a systematic review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008; 79: 619-24.
11. Simpson SW, Jackson A, Baldwin RC, Burns A. Subcortical hyperintensities in late-life depression: acute response to treatment and neuropsychological impairment. Int Psychogeriatr 1997; 9: 257-75.
12. Jenkins M, Malloy P, Salloway S, Cohen R, Rogg J, Tung G, et al. Memory processes in depressed geriatric patients with and without subcortical hyperintensities on MRI. J Neuroimaging 1998; 8: 20-6.
13. Kramer-Ginsberg E, Greenwald BS, Krishnan KRR, Christiansen B, Hu J, Ashtari M, et al. Neuropsychological functioning and MRI signal hyperintensities in geriatric depression. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156: 438-44.
14. Potter GG, Blackwell AD, McQuoid DR, Payne ME, Steffens DC, Sahakian BJ, et al. Prefrontal white matter lesions and prefrontal task impersistence in depressed and nondepressed elders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007; 32: 2135-42.
15. Sheline YI, Price JL, Vaishnavi SN, Mintun MA, Barch DM, Epstein AA, et al. Regional white matter hyperintensity burden in automated segmentation distinguishes late-life depressed subjects from comparison subjects matched for vascular risk factors. Am J Psychiatry. 2008; 165: 524-32.
16. Sapolsky RM, Krey LC, McEwen BS. The neuroendocrinology of stress and aging: the glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis. Endocr Rev 1986; 7: 284-301.
17. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn) (DSM-IV). APA, 1994.
18. Roth M, Huppert FA, Mountjoy CQ, Tym E. The Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly - Revised. Cambridge University Press, 1999.
19. Montgomery SA, Åsberg M. A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiatry 1979; 134: 382-9.
20. Rey A. Clinical Examination in Psychology. University of Paris, 1964.
21. Lezak MD, Howieson DB, Loring DW. Neuropsychological Assessment (4th edn). Oxford University Press, 2004.
22. Stroop J. Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. J Exp Psychol 1935; 18: 643-62.
23. Cegalis J, Bowlin J. VIGIL: Software for the Assessment of Attention. Forthought, 1991.
24. Lloyd AJ, Ferrier IN, Barber R, Gholkar A, Young AH, O'Brien JT. Hippocampal volume change in depression: late- and early-onset illness compared. Br J Psychiatry 2004; 184: 488-95.
25. Scheltens P, Barkhof F, Leys D, Pruvo JP, Nauta JJ, Vermersch P, et al. A semiquantative rating scale for the assessment of signal hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurol Sci 1993; 114: 7-12.
26. Simes RJ. An improved Bonferroni procedure for multiple tests of significance. Biometrika 1986; 73: 751-4.
27. Fernando MS, Ince PG. Vascular pathologies and cognition in a population-based cohort of elderly people. J Neurol Sci 2004; 226: 13-7.
28. Thomas AJ, O'Brien JT, Davis S, Ballard C, Barber R, Kalaria RN, et al. Ischemic basis for deep white matter hyperintensities in major depression: a neuropathological study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002; 59: 785-92.
29. Köhler S, Thomas AJ, Barnett NA, O'Brien JT. The pattern and course of cognitive impairment in late-life depression. Psychol Med 2009; Aug 6 (Epub ahead of print).
30. Alexopoulos GS. The vascular depression hypothesis: 10 years later. Biol Psychiatry 2006; 60: 1304-5.
31. Teodorczuk A, O'Brien JT, Firbank MJ, Pantoni L, Poggesi A, Erkinjuntti T, et al. White matter changes and late-life depressive symptoms. Longitudinal study. Br J Psychiatry 2007; 191: 212-7.
32. Godin O, Dufouil C, Maillard P, Delcroix N, Mazoyer B, Crivello F, et al. White matter lesions as a predictor of depression in the elderly: the 3C-Dijon study. Biol Psychiatry 2008; 63: 663-9.
33. Alexopoulos GS, Murphy CF, Gunning-Dixon FM, Latoussakis V, Kanellopoulos D, Klimstra S, et al. Microstructural white matter abnormalities and remission of geriatric depression. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165: 238-44.
34. Hickie I, Scott E, Mitchell P, Wilhelm K, Austin M-P, Bennett B. Subcortical hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging: clinical correlates and prognostic significance in patients with severe depression. Biol Psychiatry 1995; 37: 151-60.
35. O'Brien J, Ames D, Chiu E, Schweitzer I, Desmond P, Tress B. Severe deep white matter lesions and outcome in elderly patients with major depressive disorder: follow up study. BMJ 1998; 317: 982-4.
36. Baldwin RC, Walker S, Simpson SW, Jackson A, Burns A. The prognostic significance of abnormalities seen on magnetic resonance imaging in late-life depression: clinical outcome, mortality and progression to dementia at three years. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2000; 15: 1097-104.
37. Sneed JR, Roose SP, Sackeim HA. Vascular depression: a distinct diagnostic subtype? Biol Psychiatry 2006; 60: 1295-8.
38. Sneed JR, Rindskopf D, Steffens DC, Krishnan KRR, Roose SP. The vascular depression subtype: evidence of internal validity. Biol Psychiatry 2008; 64: 491-7.
39. Lupien SJ, de Leon M, de Santi S, Convit A, Tarshish C, Nair NPV, et al. Cortisol levels during human aging predict hippocampal atrophy and memory deficits. Nat Neurosci 1998; 1: 69-73.
40. Ballmaier M, Narr KL, Toga AW, Elderkin-Thompson V, Thompson PM, Hamilton L, et al. Hippocampal morphology and distinguishing late-onset from early-onset elderly depression. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165: 229-37.
41. Sheline YI, Sanghavi M, Mintun MA, Gado MH. Depression duration but not age predicts hippocampal volume loss in medically healthy women with recurrent major depression. J Neurosci 1999; 19: 5034-43.