메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 124-154

Fundamentals of pedestrian and evacuation dynamics

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 76649118246     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-226-8.ch006     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (41)

References (89)
  • 1
    • 34648826778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Situated cellular agents approach to crowd modeling and simulation
    • Bandini S., Federici, M. L., & Vizzari, G. (2007). Situated cellular agents approach to crowd modeling and simulation. Cybernetics and Systems, 38, 729.
    • (2007) Cybernetics and Systems , vol.38 , pp. 729
    • Bandini, S.1    Federici, M.L.2    Vizzari, G.3
  • 3
    • 0040007234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From snowflake formation to growth of bacterial colonies. Part II. Cooperative formation of complex colonial patterns
    • Ben-Jacob, E. (1997). From snowflake formation to growth of bacterial colonies. Part II. Cooperative formation of complex colonial patterns. Contemp. Phys., 38, 205.
    • (1997) Contemp. Phys , vol.38 , pp. 205
    • Ben-Jacob, E.1
  • 4
    • 0033225776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular automata microsimulation of bi-directional pedestrian flows
    • Blue, V. J., & Adler, J. L. (2000). Cellular automata microsimulation of bi-directional pedestrian flows. J. Trans. Research Board, 1678, 135-141.
    • (2000) J. Trans. Research Board , vol.1678 , pp. 135-141
    • Blue, V.J.1    Adler, J.L.2
  • 5
    • 0007252447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flow capacities from cellular automata modeling of proportional splits of pedestrians by direction
    • In M. Schreckenberg & S. D. Sharma (Eds.), Berlin Heidelberg: Springer
    • Blue, V. J., & Adler, J. L. (2002). Flow capacities from cellular automata modeling of proportional splits of pedestrians by direction. In M. Schreckenberg & S. D. Sharma (Eds.), Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer.
    • (2002) Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics
    • Blue, V.J.1    Adler, J.L.2
  • 6
    • 0002417390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular automaton approach to pedestrian dynamics - Applications
    • In M. Schreckenberg & S. D. Sharma (Eds.), Berlin Heidelberg: Springer
    • Burstedde, C., Kirchner, A., Klauck, K., Schadschneider, A., & Zittartz, J. (2002). Cellular automaton approach to pedestrian dynamics - applications. In M. Schreckenberg & S. D. Sharma (Eds.), Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics (pp. 87-98). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer.
    • (2002) Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics , pp. 87-98
    • Burstedde, C.1    Kirchner, A.2    Klauck, K.3    Schadschneider, A.4    Zittartz, J.5
  • 7
    • 0035876651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of pedestrian dynamics using a two-dimensional cellular automaton
    • Burstedde, C., Klauck, K., Schadschneider, A., & Zittartz, J. (2001). Simulation of pedestrian dynamics using a two-dimensional cellular automaton. Physica A, 295, 507-525.
    • (2001) Physica A , vol.295 , pp. 507-525
    • Burstedde, C.1    Klauck, K.2    Schadschneider, A.3    Zittartz, J.4
  • 11
    • 0001405969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical physics of vehicular traffic and some related systems
    • Chowdhury, D., Santen, L., & Schadschneider, A. (2000). Statistical physics of vehicular traffic and some related systems. Physics Reports, 329(4-6), 199-329.
    • (2000) Physics Reports , vol.329 , Issue.4-6 , pp. 199-329
    • Chowdhury, D.1    Santen, L.2    Schadschneider, A.3
  • 12
    • 0002214237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An exactly soluble non-equilibrium system: The asymmetric simple exclusion process
    • Derrida, B. (1998). An exactly soluble non-equilibrium system: The asymmetric simple exclusion process. Phys. Rep., 301, 65.
    • (1998) Phys. Rep , vol.301 , pp. 65
    • Derrida, B.1
  • 13
    • 84901560351 scopus 로고
    • (Regulation No. CFR Sec. 25.803).: Federal Aviation Administration
    • FAA, F. A. A. (1990). Emergency evacuation - cfr sec. 25.803 (Regulation No. CFR Sec. 25.803).: Federal Aviation Administration.
    • (1990) Emergency Evacuation - Cfr Sec. 25.803
    • Faa, F.A.A.1
  • 15
    • 0003537866 scopus 로고
    • New York, Metropolitan Association of Urban Designers and Environmental Planners
    • Fruin, J. J. (1971). Pedestrian Planning and Design. New York: Metropolitan Association of Urban Designers and Environmental Planners.
    • (1971) Pedestrian Planning and Design
    • Fruin, J.J.1
  • 16
    • 0033261963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jamming transition in cellular automaton models for pedestrians on passageway
    • Fukui, M., & Ishibashi, Y. (1999a). Jamming transition in cellular automaton models for pedestrians on passageway. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 68, 3738.
    • (1999) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn , vol.68 , pp. 3738
    • Fukui, M.1    Ishibashi, Y.2
  • 17
    • 0033410428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-organized phase transitions in cellular automaton models for pedestrians
    • Fukui, M., & Ishibashi, Y. (1999b). Self-organized phase transitions in cellular automaton models for pedestrians. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 68, 2861.
    • (1999) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn , vol.68 , pp. 2861
    • Fukui, M.1    Ishibashi, Y.2
  • 20
    • 0000736872 scopus 로고
    • A fluid-dynamic model for the movement of pedestrians
    • Helbing, D. (1992). A fluid-dynamic model for the movement of pedestrians. Complex Systems, 6, 391-415.
    • (1992) Complex Systems , vol.6 , pp. 391-415
    • Helbing, D.1
  • 21
    • 16344391062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-organized pedestrian crowd dynamics: Experiments, simulations, and design solutions
    • Helbing, D., Buzna, L., Johansson, A., & Werner, T. (2005). Self-organized pedestrian crowd dynamics: Experiments, simulations, and design solutions. Transportation Science, 39, 1-24.
    • (2005) Transportation Science , vol.39 , pp. 1-24
    • Helbing, D.1    Buzna, L.2    Johansson, A.3    Werner, T.4
  • 22
    • 0142016001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of pedestrian crowds in normal and evacuation situations
    • In M. Schreckenberg & S. D. Sharma (Eds.), Berlin Heidelberg: Springer
    • Helbing, D., Farkas, I., Molnár, P., & Vicsek, T. (2002). Simulation of pedestrian crowds in normal and evacuation situations. In M. Schreckenberg & S. D. Sharma (Eds.), Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics (pp. 21-58). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer.
    • (2002) Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics , pp. 21-58
    • Helbing, D.1    Farkas, I.2    Molnár, P.3    Vicsek, T.4
  • 23
    • 0000518830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Freezing by heating in a driven mesoscopic system
    • Helbing, D., Farkas, I., & Vicsek, T. (2000a). Freezing by heating in a driven mesoscopic system. Phys. Rev. Let., 84, 1240-1243.
    • (2000) Phys. Rev. Let , vol.84 , pp. 1240-1243
    • Helbing, D.1    Farkas, I.2    Vicsek, T.3
  • 24
    • 0034727079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating dynamical features of escape panic
    • Helbing, D., Farkas, I., & Vicsek, T. (2000b). Simulating dynamical features of escape panic. Nature, 407, 487-490.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.407 , pp. 487-490
    • Helbing, D.1    Farkas, I.2    Vicsek, T.3
  • 26
    • 34247235039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of crowd disasters: An empirical study
    • 046109
    • Helbing, D., Johansson, A., & Al-Abideen, H. Z. (2007b). The dynamics of crowd disasters: An empirical study. Phys. Rev. E, 75, 046109.
    • (2007) Phys. Rev. E , vol.75
    • Helbing, D.1    Johansson, A.2    Al-Abideen, H.Z.3
  • 27
    • 35949007691 scopus 로고
    • Social force model for pedestrian dynamics
    • Helbing, D., & Molnár, P. (1995). Social force model for pedestrian dynamics. Phys. Rev. E, 51, 4282-4286.
    • (1995) Phys. Rev. E , vol.51 , pp. 4282-4286
    • Helbing, D.1    Molnár, P.2
  • 28
    • 0016336636 scopus 로고
    • On the fluid mechanics of human crowd motion
    • Henderson, L. F. (1974). On the fluid mechanics of human crowd motion. Transpn. Res., 8, 509-515.
    • (1974) Transpn. Res , vol.8 , pp. 509-515
    • Henderson, L.F.1
  • 29
    • 0038340103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of pedestrian flows by optimal control and differential games
    • Hoogendoorn, S. P., & Bovy, P. (2003a). Simulation of pedestrian flows by optimal control and differential games. Optim. Control Appl. Meth., 24, 153.
    • (2003) Optim. Control Appl. Meth , vol.24 , pp. 153
    • Hoogendoorn, S.P.1    Bovy, P.2
  • 30
    • 19944401573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pedestrian behavior at bottlenecks
    • Hoogendoorn, S. P., & Daamen, W. (2005). Pedestrian behavior at bottlenecks. Transportation Science, 39 2, 0147-0159.
    • (2005) Transportation Science , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 0147-0159
    • Hoogendoorn, S.P.1    Daamen, W.2
  • 31
    • 16344391370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microscopic pedestrian traffic data collection and analysis by walking experiments: Behaviour at bottlenecks
    • In E. R. Galea (Ed.), CMS Press, London
    • Hoogendoorn, S. P., Daamen, W., & Bovy, P. H. L. (2003b). Microscopic pedestrian traffic data collection and analysis by walking experiments: Behaviour at bottlenecks. In E. R. Galea (Ed.), Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics '03 (pp. 89-100). CMS Press, London.
    • (2003) Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics '03 , pp. 89-100
    • Hoogendoorn, S.P.1    Daamen, W.2    Bovy, P.H.L.3
  • 33
    • 0036643318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A continuum theory for the flow of pedestrians
    • Hughes, R. L. (2002). A continuum theory for the flow of pedestrians. Transportation Research Part B, 36, 507-535.
    • (2002) Transportation Research Part B , vol.36 , pp. 507-535
    • Hughes, R.L.1
  • 34
    • 84928455047 scopus 로고
    • Panic at "the who concert stampede": An empirical assessment
    • Oct
    • Johnson, N. R. (1987, Oct). Panic at "The Who Concert Stampede": An Empirical Assessment. Social Problems, 34(4), 362-373.
    • (1987) Social Problems , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 362-373
    • Johnson, N.R.1
  • 36
  • 37
    • 70350006177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discretization effects and the influence of walking speed in cellular automata models for pedestrian dynamics
    • Kirchner, A., Klüpfel, H., Nishinari, K., Schadschneider, A., & Schreckenberg, M. (2004). Discretization effects and the influence of walking speed in cellular automata models for pedestrian dynamics. J. Stat. Mech., 10, P10011.
    • (2004) J. Stat. Mech , vol.10
    • Kirchner, A.1    Klüpfel, H.2    Nishinari, K.3    Schadschneider, A.4    Schreckenberg, M.5
  • 39
    • 37649027529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Friction effects and clogging in a cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics
    • 056122
    • Kirchner, A., Nishinari, K., & Schadschneider, A. (2003c). Friction effects and clogging in a cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics. Phys. Rev. E, 67, 056122.
    • (2003) Phys. Rev. E , vol.67
    • Kirchner, A.1    Nishinari, K.2    Schadschneider, A.3
  • 40
    • 0036723401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of evacuation processes using a bionics-inspired cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics
    • Kirchner, A., & Schadschneider, A. (2002). Simulation of evacuation processes using a bionics-inspired cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics. Physica A, 312, 260.
    • (2002) Physica A , vol.312 , pp. 260
    • Kirchner, A.1    Schadschneider, A.2
  • 41
    • 38049095738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale agent-based pedestrian simulation
    • Klügl, F., & Rindsfüser, G. (2007). Large-scale agent-based pedestrian simulation. Lect. Notes Comp. Sc., 4687, 145.
    • (2007) Lect. Notes Comp. Sc , vol.4687 , pp. 145
    • Klügl, F.1    Rindsfüser, G.2
  • 42
    • 78649359719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The simulation of crowds at very large events
    • In A. Schadschneider, T. Pöschel, R. Kühne, M. Schreckenberg, & D. Wolf (Eds.), Berlin: Springer
    • Klüpfel, H. (2006). The simulation of crowds at very large events. In A. Schadschneider, T. Pöschel, R. Kühne, M. Schreckenberg, & D. Wolf (Eds.), Traffic and Granular Flow '05 (p. 341). Berlin: Springer.
    • (2006) Traffic and Granular Flow '05 , pp. 341
    • Klüpfel, H.1
  • 44
    • 33947407751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Models for crowd movement and egress simulation
    • In S. F. et al. (Ed.), Berlin: Springer
    • Klüpfel, H., & Meyer-König, T. (2003a). Models for crowd movement and egress simulation. In S. F. et al. (Ed.), Traffic and Granular Flow '03 (pp. 357-372). Berlin: Springer.
    • (2003) Traffic and Granular Flow '03 , pp. 357-372
    • Klüpfel, H.1    Meyer-König, T.2
  • 45
    • 84864253043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the evacuation of a football stadium
    • In S. F. et al. (Ed.), Berlin: Springer
    • Klüpfel, H., & Meyer-König, T. (2003b). Simulation of the evacuation of a football stadium. In S. F. et al. (Ed.), Traffic and Granular Flow '03 (pp. 423-430). Berlin: Springer.
    • (2003) Traffic and Granular Flow '03 , pp. 423-430
    • Klüpfel, H.1    Meyer-König, T.2
  • 48
    • 42749107774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental study of pedestrian flow through a bottleneck
    • Kretz, T., Grünebohm, A., & Schreckenberg, M. (2006b). Experimental study of pedestrian flow through a bottleneck. J. Stat. Mech., P10014.
    • (2006) J. Stat. Mech
    • Kretz, T.1    Grünebohm, A.2    Schreckenberg, M.3
  • 49
    • 84901528835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In N. Waldau, P. Gattermann, H. Knoflacher, & M. Schreckenberg (Eds.), Berlin: Springer
    • Kretz, T., & Schreckenberg, M. (2006c). Moore and more and symmetry. In N. Waldau, P. Gattermann, H. Knoflacher, & M. Schreckenberg (Eds.), (pp. 317-328). Berlin: Springer.
    • (2006) Moore and More and Symmetry , pp. 317-328
    • Kretz, T.1    Schreckenberg, M.2
  • 50
    • 21444458466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modifications of the helbing-molnár-farkas-vicsek social force model for pedestrian evolution
    • Lakoba, T. I., Kaup, D. J., & Finkelstein, N. M. (2005). Modifications of the Helbing-Molnár-Farkas-Vicsek social force model for pedestrian evolution. Simulation, 81 5, 339-352.
    • (2005) Simulation , vol.81 , Issue.5 , pp. 339-352
    • Lakoba, T.I.1    Kaup, D.J.2    Finkelstein, N.M.3
  • 52
    • 0037445963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traffic jamming on hexagonal lattice
    • Maniccam, S. (2003). Traffic jamming on hexagonal lattice. Physica, A321, 653.
    • (2003) Physica , vol.A321 , pp. 653
    • Maniccam, S.1
  • 53
    • 10444259758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of back step and update rule on congestion of mobile objects
    • Maniccam, S. (2005). Effects of back step and update rule on congestion of mobile objects. Physica A, 346, 631.
    • (2005) Physica A , vol.346 , pp. 631
    • Maniccam, S.1
  • 54
    • 84867509407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multiparticle lattice gas automata model for a crowd
    • Marconi, S., & Chopard, B. (2002). A multiparticle lattice gas automata model for a crowd. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2493, 231.
    • (2002) Lecture Notes in Computer Science , vol.2493 , pp. 231
    • Marconi, S.1    Chopard, B.2
  • 55
    • 21844490847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of motivation and cabin configuration on emergency aircraft evacuation behavior and rates of egress
    • Muir, H. C., Bottomley, D. M., & Marrison, C. (1996). Effects of motivation and cabin configuration on emergency aircraft evacuation behavior and rates of egress. Intern. J. Aviat. Psych., 6(1), 57-77.
    • (1996) Intern. J. Aviat. Psych , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-77
    • Muir, H.C.1    Bottomley, D.M.2    Marrison, C.3
  • 56
    • 67651253062 scopus 로고
    • Zur Gestaltung Und Bemessung Von Fluchtwegen Für Die Evakuierung Von Personen Aus Bauwerken Auf Der Grundlage Von Modellversuchen
    • Dissertation, Technische Hochschule Magdeburg, in German
    • Müller, K. (1981). Zur Gestaltung und Bemessung von Fluchtwegen für die Evakuierung von Personen aus Bauwerken auf der Grundlage von Modellversuchen. Dissertation, Technische Hochschule Magdeburg, in German.
    • (1981)
    • Müller, K.1
  • 57
    • 0032641860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jamming transition in pedestrian counter flow
    • Muramatsu, M., Irie, T., & Nagatani, T. (1999). Jamming transition in pedestrian counter flow. Physica A, 267, 487-498.
    • (1999) Physica A , vol.267 , pp. 487-498
    • Muramatsu, M.1    Irie, T.2    Nagatani, T.3
  • 58
    • 0033883920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jamming transition in two-dimensional pedestrian traffic
    • Muramatsu, M., & Nagatani, T. (2000a). Jamming transition in two-dimensional pedestrian traffic. Physica A, 275, 281-291.
    • (2000) Physica A , vol.275 , pp. 281-291
    • Muramatsu, M.1    Nagatani, T.2
  • 59
    • 0034299475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jamming transition of pedestrian traffic at crossing with open boundary conditions
    • Muramatsu, M., & Nagatani, T. (2000b). Jamming transition of pedestrian traffic at crossing with open boundary conditions. Physica A, 286, 377-390.
    • (2000) Physica A , vol.286 , pp. 377-390
    • Muramatsu, M.1    Nagatani, T.2
  • 60
    • 33646343949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evacuation of crawlers and walkers from corridor through an exit
    • Nagai, R., Fukamachi, M., & Nagatani, T. (2006a). Evacuation of crawlers and walkers from corridor through an exit. Physica A, 367, 449-460.
    • (2006) Physica A , vol.367 , pp. 449-460
    • Nagai, R.1    Fukamachi, M.2    Nagatani, T.3
  • 61
    • 33646173401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jamming transition in counter flow of slender particles on square lattice
    • Nagai, R., & Nagatani, T. (2006b). Jamming transition in counter flow of slender particles on square lattice. Physica A, 366, 503.
    • (2006) Physica A , vol.366 , pp. 503
    • Nagai, R.1    Nagatani, T.2
  • 62
    • 0001232636 scopus 로고
    • A cellular automaton model for freeway traffic
    • Nagel, K., & Schreckenberg, M. (1992). A cellular automaton model for freeway traffic. Jrl. Physique I, 2, 2221.
    • (1992) Jrl. Physique , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 2221
    • Nagel, K.1    Schreckenberg, M.2
  • 63
    • 41349104221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instability of pedestrian flow and phase structure in a two-dimensional optimal velocity model
    • 036121
    • Nakayama, A., Hasebe, K., & Sugiyama, Y. (2005). Instability of pedestrian flow and phase structure in a two-dimensional optimal velocity model. Phys. Rev. E, 71, 036121.
    • (2005) Phys. Rev. E , vol.71
    • Nakayama, A.1    Hasebe, K.2    Sugiyama, Y.3
  • 64
  • 65
    • 24944467010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergency movement
    • In P. J. DiNenno (Ed.), Third ed., Quincy MA: National Fire Protection Association
    • Nelson, H. E., & Mowrer, F. W. (2002). Emergency movement. In P. J. DiNenno (Ed.), SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering (Third ed., p. 367). Quincy MA: National Fire Protection Association.
    • (2002) SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering , pp. 367
    • Nelson, H.E.1    Mowrer, F.W.2
  • 66
    • 0007254855 scopus 로고
    • Verkehrsbelastung Und Dimensionierung Von Gehwegen Und Anderen Anlagen Des Fußgängerverkehrs
    • (Forschungsbericht No. 22).: Technische Hochschule Braunschweig, in German
    • Oeding, D. (1963). Verkehrsbelastung und Dimensionierung von Gehwegen und anderen Anlagen des Fußgängerverkehrs (Forschungsbericht No. 22).: Technische Hochschule Braunschweig, in German.
    • (1963)
    • Oeding, D.1
  • 67
    • 0007307420 scopus 로고
    • Movement of pedestrians on footways in shopping streets
    • Older, S. J. (1968). Movement of pedestrians on footways in shopping streets. Traffic Engineering and Control, 10, 160-163.
    • (1968) Traffic Engineering and Control , vol.10 , pp. 160-163
    • Older, S.J.1
  • 68
    • 0003923464 scopus 로고
    • Amerind Publishing, New Dehli. (Translation of: Proekttirovanie Zhdanii s Uchetom Organizatsii Dvizheniya Lyuddskikh Potokov, Stroiizdat Publishers, Moscow, 1969)
    • Predtechenskii, V. M., & Milinskii, A. I. (1978). Planing for Foot Traffic Flow in Buildings. Amerind Publishing, New Dehli. (Translation of: Proekttirovanie Zhdanii s Uchetom Organizatsii Dvizheniya Lyuddskikh Potokov, Stroiizdat Publishers, Moscow, 1969)
    • (1978) Planing for Foot Traffic Flow in Buildings
    • Predtechenskii, V.M.1    Milinskii, A.I.2
  • 71
    • 12044257626 scopus 로고
    • Lattice-gas models of phase separation: Interfaces, phase transitions, and multiphase flow
    • Rothman, D. H., & Zaleski, S. (1994). Lattice-gas models of phase separation: Interfaces, phase transitions, and multiphase flow. Rev. Mod. Phys., 66, 1417.
    • (1994) Rev. Mod. Phys , vol.66 , pp. 1417
    • Rothman, D.H.1    Zaleski, S.2
  • 72
    • 63749133300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herding in real escape panic
    • In N. Waldau, P. Gattermann, H. Knoflacher, & M. Schreckenberg (Eds.), Berlin: Springer
    • Saloma, C. (2006). Herding in real escape panic. In N. Waldau, P. Gattermann, H. Knoflacher, & M. Schreckenberg (Eds.), Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2006. Berlin: Springer.
    • (2006) Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2006
    • Saloma, C.1
  • 73
    • 0002417390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular automaton approach to pedestrian dynamics - Theory
    • In M. Schreckenberg & S. D. Sharma (Eds.), Berlin Heidelberg: Springer
    • Schadschneider, A. (2002). Cellular automaton approach to pedestrian dynamics - theory. In M. Schreckenberg & S. D. Sharma (Eds.), Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics (pp. 75-86). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer.
    • (2002) Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics , pp. 75-86
    • Schadschneider, A.1
  • 77
    • 0039499178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exactly solvable models for many-body systems
    • In C. Domb & J. L. Lebowitz (Eds.), Academic Press
    • Schütz, G. M. (2001). Exactly solvable models for many-body systems. In C. Domb & J. L. Lebowitz (Eds.), Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, Vol. 19. Academic Press.
    • (2001) Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena , vol.19
    • Schütz, G.M.1
  • 80
    • 33747105241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basics of modelling the pedestrian flow
    • Seyfried, A., Steffen, B., & Lippert, T. (2006). Basics of modelling the pedestrian flow. Physica A, 368, 232-238.
    • (2006) Physica A , vol.368 , pp. 232-238
    • Seyfried, A.1    Steffen, B.2    Lippert, T.3
  • 81
    • 0036153691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clogging transition of pedestrian flow in t-shaped channel
    • Tajima, Y., & Nagatani, T. (2002). Clogging transition of pedestrian flow in T-shaped channel. Physica A, 303, 239-250.
    • (2002) Physica A , vol.303 , pp. 239-250
    • Tajima, Y.1    Nagatani, T.2
  • 85
    • 19944388338 scopus 로고
    • Transporttechnik Der Fußgänger - Transporttechnische Eigenschaften Des Fußgängerverkehrs (Literaturauswertung)
    • (Schriftenreihe des IVT No. 90).: ETH Zürich. (Second Edition, in German)
    • Weidmann, U.(1993). Transporttechnik der Fußgänger - Transporttechnische Eigenschaften des Fußgängerverkehrs (Literaturauswertung) (Schriftenreihe des IVT No. 90).: ETH Zürich. (Second Edition, in German)
    • (1993)
    • Weidmann, U.1
  • 88
    • 0346459129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Going with the flow: Micro-macro dynamics in the macrobehavioral patterns of pedestrian crowds
    • Yamori, K. (1998). Going with the flow: Micro-macro dynamics in the macrobehavioral patterns of pedestrian crowds. Psychological Review, 105(3), 530-557.
    • (1998) Psychological Review , vol.105 , Issue.3 , pp. 530-557
    • Yamori, K.1
  • 89
    • 27244451153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centrifugal force model for pedestrian dynamics
    • 026112
    • Yu, W. J., Chen, R., Dong, L. Y., & Dai, S. Q. (2005). Centrifugal force model for pedestrian dynamics. Phys. Rev. E, 72, 026112.
    • (2005) Phys. Rev. E , vol.72
    • Yu, W.J.1    Chen, R.2    Dong, L.Y.3    Dai, S.Q.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.