Images of the EU in EPA negotiations: Angel, demon - or just human?

EIOP European Integration Online Papers

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2008, Pages

  Elgström, Ole ^a  

^a LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Civil society; Development policy; European commission; Lobbying; Trade policy

Indexed keywords

EID: 76649093918     PISSN: 10275193     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1695/2008005     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Chambers, S. (2003) 'Deliberative Democracy Theory', Annual Review of Political Science 6: 307-26.
2. Cottam, M.L. (1994) Images and Intervention. U.S. Policies in Latin America. Pittsburgh and London: Pittsburgh University Press.
3. Diez, T. and Pace, M. (2007) Normative Power Europe and Conflict Transformation. Paper for presentation at the UACES conference, Portsmouth, 3-5 September.
4. Elgström, O. and Frennhof Larsén, M. (2008) Commission Autonomy and Council Unity in International Trade Negotiations. Paper presented at the The European Union in International Affairs GARNET Conference, Brussels, 24-26 April.
5. Goldstein, J. and Keohane, R.O. (1993) Ideas and Foreign Policy - Beliefs, Institutions and Political Change. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
6. Harvey, B. (1993) 'Lobbying in Europe: The Experience of Voluntary Organizations', in Mazey, S. and Richardson, J. (eds), Lobbying in the European Community. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 188-200.
7. Herrmann, R.K. and Fischerkeller, M.P. (1995) 'Beyond the Enemy Image and Spiral Model: Cognitivestrategic Research after the Cold War', International Organization 49(3): 415-50.
8. Hill, C. (1993) 'The Capability-Expectations Gap, or Conceptualising Europe's International Role', Journal of Common Market Studies, 31(3): 305-28.
9. Hill, C. (1998) 'Closing the Capabilities-Expectations Gap?', in Peterson, J. and Sjursen, H. (eds), A Common Foreign Policy for Europe? Competing visions of the CFSP, London: Routledge.
10. Jervis, R. (1976) Perception and Misperception in International Politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
11. Jönsson, C. (1990) Communication in International Bargaining. London: Pinter.
12. Levy, J. (1994) 'Learning and Foreign Policy: Sweeping a Conceptual Minefield', International Organization 48: 279-312.
13. Lundquist, L. (1982) The Party and the Masses. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International.
14. Mazey, S. and Richardson, J. (1993) 'Introduction: Transference of Power, Decision Rules, and Rules of the Game', in Mazey, S. and Richardson, J. (eds), Lobbying in the European Community. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 4-26.
15. Rathburn, B.C. (2007) 'Uncertain about Uncertainty: Understanding the Multiple Meanings of a Crucial Concept in International Relations Theory', International Studies Quarterly 51(3): 533-57.
16. Schimmelfennig, F. (2003) The EU, NATO and the Integration of Europe. Rules and Rhetoric. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
17. Seliger, M. (1976) Ideology and Politics. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.
18. Snyder, R.C., Bruck, H.W. and Sapin, B. (eds) (1962) Foreign Policy Decision Making: An Approach to the Study of International Politics. New York: The Free Press.
19. Tetlock, P.E. (1991) 'Learning in U.S. and Soviet Foreign Policy: In Search of an Elusive Concept', in G.W. Breslauer and P.E. Tetlock (eds) Learning in U.S. and Soviet Foreign Policy. Boulder, Co.: Westview Press.
20. Vertzberger, Y.Y. (1990) The World in Their Minds. Information Processing, Cognition and Perceptions in Foreign Policy Decisionmaking. Stanford, Ca.: Stanford University Press.
21. EU Press Release (2007) 'EU Offers Full Market Access to Africa, Caribbean and Pacific Regions in EPA Negotiations', EU Communiques de Presse Rapid, 4 April. http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/07/476&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=fr [accessed 16 Dec 2008]
22. Mandelson, P. (2005a) "Economic Partnership Agreements: Putting a Rigorous Priority on Development". Speech to the Civil Society Dialogue Group, 20 January. http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/ashton/speeches_articles/sppm011_en.htm[accessed 16 Dec 2008]
23. Mandelson, P. (2005b) Statement to the Development Committee of the European Parliament, 17 March. http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/ashton/speeches_articles/sppm019_en.htm[accessed 16 Dec 2008]
24. Mandelson, P. (2005c) Address at ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly, 19 April. http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/ashton/speeches_articles/sppm022_en.htm[accessed 16 Dec 2008]
25. Mandelson, P. (2005d) Remarks to the Trade Committee of the European Parliament, 23 May. http://europa.eu.int/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/05/295&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en [accessed 16 Dec 2008]
26. Mandelson, P. (2005e) 'Economic Partnership Agreements: The Social Dimension and the Role of Civil Society'. Speech at the ACP-EU Economic and Social Interests Groups Meeting, 29 June. http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/ashton/speeches_articles/sppm064_en.htm[accessed 16 Dec 2008]
27. Mandelson, P. (2007a) 'Economic Partnership Agreements: Tackling the Myths', in l'Express Dimanche, 10 June.
28. Mandelson, P. (2007b) Comments at the INTA Committee, European Parliament, 22 October. http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2007/october/tradoc_136542.pdf [accessed 16 Dec 2008]
29. Mandelson, P. (2007c) quoted by The Nation (Nairobi), 'Kenya: EU Denies Pressure Over Trade Pact' by K. Mugambi, 9 November.
30. Mandelson, P. (2007d) quoted in 'EU races for ex-colony trade deal' by P. Kirby, BBC News, 19 November. http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7098946.stm [accessed 16 Dec 2008]
31. Mandelson, P. and Michel, L. (2006) 'EU is aiming to use trade to back development', in The Financial Times, 29 November. http://search.ft.com/ftArticle?queryText=Mandelson+and+Michel&y=0&aje=true&x=0&id=061129000936&ct=0 [accessed 16 Dec 2008]
32. Mandelson, P. and Michel, L. (2007a) quoted in Terraviva Europe, 'EU-West Africa: "No Postponement of EPA Deadline"' by D. Cronin, 22 October. http://www.ipsterraviva.net/Europe/article.aspx?id=5345 [accessed 16 Dec 2008]
33. Mandelson, P. and Michel, L. (2007b) 'This is not a poker game', in The Guardian, 31 October. http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/mandelson/speeches_articles/artpm044_en.htm [accessed 16 Dec 2008]
34. ACP Council of Ministers (2005) 'ACP Council of Ministers Takes Strong Stand on EPAs', 2 July. http://www.epawatch.net/archive/general/text.php?itemID=295&menuID=25 [accessed 13 July 2008]
35. ActionAid (2005) 'Fighting Poverty Together'. ActionAid International News Release, 28 September. http://uk.oneworld.net/article/view/119576/1/2253?PrintableVersion=enabledl [accessed 16 Dec 2008]
36. Christian Aid (2007) 'Beware of Hidden Strings on EU's Offer on Trade', 4 April. http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/fromthefield/218275/117569934712.htm [accessed 16 Dec 2008]
37. Christian Aid and Traidcraft (2007) 'The EU Is Trying to Trick Developing Countries into Poor Trade Deals', in the Guardian, 8 November. http://politics.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,,2207070,00.html [accessed 16 Dec 2008]
38. France 24 (2007) 'France 24 accueille Abdoulaye Wade, Président de la République de Sénégal', 6 December. http://appablog.wordpress.com/2007/12/05/france-24-accueille-abdo...-wade-president-de-la-republique-du-senegal-script-de-l'emission [accessed 16 Dec 2008]
39. The Guardian (2005a) 'Blaming Brussels' by S. Jeffery, quoting the Stop EPA campaign, 19 May. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/may/19/eu.fairtrade [accessed 16 Dec 2008]
40. The Guardian (2005b) 'Mr Mandelson, Stop EPAs Today!' Open Letter to Mr Mandelson from Civil Society Organisations', 27 September. http://www.actionaid.org.uk/100148/letter.html [accessed 16 Dec 2008]
41. IPP Media (2007) 'Govt Cautious on Trade Pacts, Stresses Minister', by J. Tarimo, 19 October. http://www.ippmedia.com/cgi-bin/ipp/print.pl?id=100743 [accessed 16 Dec 2008]
42. Jessop, D. (2007) 'The View from Europe'. From ACP-EU News Weekly E-alert, 9 November. http://www.dgroups.org/groups/CoOL/ [accessed 16 Dec 2008]
43. KCSA (2007) "Dossier on EU's Bullying Tactics' by Kenya Civil Society Alliance. From ACP-EU News Weekly E-alert, 16 November. http://www.dgroups.org/groups/CoOL/ [accessed 16 Dec 2008]
44. Oxfam (2006) 'Unequal partners: How EU-ACP Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) Could Harm the Development Prospects of Many of the World's Poorest Countries. Oxfam Briefing Note, September.
45. Oxfam (2007) 'Focus On... The EPAs Global Day of Action - Stop EPA Day - an interview with Alexander Woolcombe, spokesman for Oxfam International. From The acp-eu-trade.org newsletter, no. 14, 30 October.
46. Stop EPAs (2006) 'A Global Call for Action to Stop EPAs'. Statement from some 30 CSOs from ACP and EU under the umbrella of Africa Trade Network, 30 March. http://server2.matematici.com/epawatch/index.jsp?id=281&language=1 [accessed 16 Dec 2008]
47. Terraviva (2007a) 'Africa: Power Struggle Continues with EPA talks' by D. Cronin, quoting NGO-representative M. Maes, 24 September. http://www.ipsterraviva.net/Europe/article.aspx?id=5240 [accessed 16 Dec 2008]
48. Terraviva (2007b) 'East Africa: Chaos on Eve of EPA deadline' by A. Kwa, 9 November. http://www.ipsterraviva.net/Europe/article.aspx?id=5413 [accessed 16 Dec 2008]
49. Trade Unions (2007) 'EPAs "light" spells darkness for our economies - Network of African trade unions speak out' media release, 7 November. http://www.dgroups.org/groups/CoOL/docs/EPAs-African_Trade_Unions-Statement_071107.doc [accessed 16 Dec 2008]