메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 55, Issue 3, 2010, Pages

Emergency Medical Services Intervals and Survival in Trauma: Assessment of the "Golden Hour" in a North American Prospective Cohort

(14)  Newgard, Craig D a   Schmicker, Robert H b   Hedges, Jerris R d   Trickett, John P e   Davis, Daniel P f   Bulger, Eileen M c   Aufderheide, Tom P g   Minei, Joseph P h   Hata, J Steven i   Gubler, K Dean j   Brown, Todd B k   Yelle, Jean Denis e   Bardarson, Berit b   Nichol, Graham b  


Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BREATHING RATE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMERGENCY CARE; EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICE; FEMALE; GLASGOW COMA SCALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SURVIVAL; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; TRAUMATOLOGY;

EID: 76549104889     PISSN: 01960644     EISSN: 10976760     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.07.024     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (294)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 0034931505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The golden hour: scientific fact or medical "urban legend"?
    • Lerner E.B., and Moscati R.M. The golden hour: scientific fact or medical "urban legend"?. Acad Emerg Med 8 (2001) 758-760
    • (2001) Acad Emerg Med , vol.8 , pp. 758-760
    • Lerner, E.B.1    Moscati, R.M.2
  • 2
    • 0032917592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trauma care regionalization: a process-outcome evaluation
    • Sampalis J.S., Denis R., Lavoie A., et al. Trauma care regionalization: a process-outcome evaluation. J Trauma 46 (1999) 565-581
    • (1999) J Trauma , vol.46 , pp. 565-581
    • Sampalis, J.S.1    Denis, R.2    Lavoie, A.3
  • 3
    • 0027530079 scopus 로고
    • Impact of on-site care, prehospital time, and level of in-hospital care on survival in severely injured patients
    • Samplais J.S., Lavoie A., Williams J.I., et al. Impact of on-site care, prehospital time, and level of in-hospital care on survival in severely injured patients. J Trauma 34 (1993) 252-261
    • (1993) J Trauma , vol.34 , pp. 252-261
    • Samplais, J.S.1    Lavoie, A.2    Williams, J.I.3
  • 4
    • 42549099328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The OPALS major trauma outcome study: impact of advanced life-support on survival and morbidity
    • Stiell I.G., Nesbitt L.P., Pickett W., et al. The OPALS major trauma outcome study: impact of advanced life-support on survival and morbidity. CMAJ 178 (2008) 1141-1152
    • (2008) CMAJ , vol.178 , pp. 1141-1152
    • Stiell, I.G.1    Nesbitt, L.P.2    Pickett, W.3
  • 5
    • 0023118843 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between total prehospital time and outcome in hypotensive victims of penetrating injuries
    • Pepe P.E., Wyatt C.H., Bickell W.H., et al. The relationship between total prehospital time and outcome in hypotensive victims of penetrating injuries. Ann Emerg Med 16 (1987) 293-297
    • (1987) Ann Emerg Med , vol.16 , pp. 293-297
    • Pepe, P.E.1    Wyatt, C.H.2    Bickell, W.H.3
  • 6
    • 0029189096 scopus 로고
    • The effect of prehospital transport time on the mortality from traumatic injury
    • Petri R.W., Dyer A., and Lumpkin J. The effect of prehospital transport time on the mortality from traumatic injury. Prehosp Disaster Med 10 (1995) 24-29
    • (1995) Prehosp Disaster Med , vol.10 , pp. 24-29
    • Petri, R.W.1    Dyer, A.2    Lumpkin, J.3
  • 7
    • 0041334009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is total out-of-hospital time a significant predictor of trauma patient mortality?
    • Lerner E.B., Billittier A.J., Dorn J.M., et al. Is total out-of-hospital time a significant predictor of trauma patient mortality?. Acad Emerg Med 10 (2003) 949-954
    • (2003) Acad Emerg Med , vol.10 , pp. 949-954
    • Lerner, E.B.1    Billittier, A.J.2    Dorn, J.M.3
  • 8
    • 0036590711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eight minutes or less: does the ambulance response time guideline impact trauma patient outcome?
    • Pons P.T., and Markovchick V.J. Eight minutes or less: does the ambulance response time guideline impact trauma patient outcome?. J Emerg Med 23 (2002) 43-48
    • (2002) J Emerg Med , vol.23 , pp. 43-48
    • Pons, P.T.1    Markovchick, V.J.2
  • 9
    • 33847273040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are pre-hospital time and emergency department disposition time useful process indicators for trauma care in Italy?
    • Di Bartolomeo S., Valent F., Rosolen V., et al. Are pre-hospital time and emergency department disposition time useful process indicators for trauma care in Italy?. Injury 38 (2007) 305-311
    • (2007) Injury , vol.38 , pp. 305-311
    • Di Bartolomeo, S.1    Valent, F.2    Rosolen, V.3
  • 10
    • 0036528284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can the "golden hour of shock" safely be extended in blunt polytrauma patients?
    • Osterwalder J.J. Can the "golden hour of shock" safely be extended in blunt polytrauma patients?. Prehosp Disaster Med 17 (2002) 75-80
    • (2002) Prehosp Disaster Med , vol.17 , pp. 75-80
    • Osterwalder, J.J.1
  • 11
    • 0028921133 scopus 로고
    • Does out-of-hospital EMS time affect trauma survival?
    • Feero S., Hedges J.R., Simmons E., et al. Does out-of-hospital EMS time affect trauma survival?. Am J Emerg Med 13 (1995) 133-135
    • (1995) Am J Emerg Med , vol.13 , pp. 133-135
    • Feero, S.1    Hedges, J.R.2    Simmons, E.3
  • 12
    • 0019960448 scopus 로고
    • The importance of prompt transport in salvage of patients with penetrating heart wounds
    • Gervin A.S., and Fischer R.P. The importance of prompt transport in salvage of patients with penetrating heart wounds. J Trauma 22 (1982) 443-446
    • (1982) J Trauma , vol.22 , pp. 443-446
    • Gervin, A.S.1    Fischer, R.P.2
  • 13
    • 0023281005 scopus 로고
    • Penetrating thoracic injuries: in-field stabilization versus prompt transport
    • Ivatury R.R., Nallathambi M.N., Roberge R.J., et al. Penetrating thoracic injuries: in-field stabilization versus prompt transport. J Trauma 27 (1987) 1066-1072
    • (1987) J Trauma , vol.27 , pp. 1066-1072
    • Ivatury, R.R.1    Nallathambi, M.N.2    Roberge, R.J.3
  • 14
    • 0023949991 scopus 로고
    • Resuscitative thoracotomy: the effect of field time on outcome
    • Clevenger F.W., Yarborough D.R., and Reines H.D. Resuscitative thoracotomy: the effect of field time on outcome. J Trauma 28 (1988) 441-445
    • (1988) J Trauma , vol.28 , pp. 441-445
    • Clevenger, F.W.1    Yarborough, D.R.2    Reines, H.D.3
  • 15
    • 0030907977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban-rural differences in prehospital care of major trauma
    • Grossman D.C., Kim A., MacDonald S.C., et al. Urban-rural differences in prehospital care of major trauma. J Trauma 42 (1997) 723-729
    • (1997) J Trauma , vol.42 , pp. 723-729
    • Grossman, D.C.1    Kim, A.2    MacDonald, S.C.3
  • 16
    • 20444435172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paramedic response time: does is affect patient survival?
    • Pons P.T., Haukoos J.S., Bludworth W., et al. Paramedic response time: does is affect patient survival?. Acad Emerg Med 12 (2005) 594-600
    • (2005) Acad Emerg Med , vol.12 , pp. 594-600
    • Pons, P.T.1    Haukoos, J.S.2    Bludworth, W.3
  • 17
    • 0036209635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response time effectiveness: comparison of response time and survival in an urban EMS system
    • Blackwell T.H., and Kaufman J.S. Response time effectiveness: comparison of response time and survival in an urban EMS system. Acad Emerg Med 9 (2002) 288-295
    • (2002) Acad Emerg Med , vol.9 , pp. 288-295
    • Blackwell, T.H.1    Kaufman, J.S.2
  • 18
    • 0018781253 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac resuscitation in the community: importance of rapid provision and implications for program planning
    • Eisenberg M.S., Bergner L., and Hallstrom A. Cardiac resuscitation in the community: importance of rapid provision and implications for program planning. JAMA 241 (1979) 1905-1907
    • (1979) JAMA , vol.241 , pp. 1905-1907
    • Eisenberg, M.S.1    Bergner, L.2    Hallstrom, A.3
  • 19
    • 0042964818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal defibrillation response intervals for maximum out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival rates
    • De Maio V.J., Stiell I.G., Wells G.A., et al. Optimal defibrillation response intervals for maximum out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival rates. Ann Emerg Med 42 (2003) 242-250
    • (2003) Ann Emerg Med , vol.42 , pp. 242-250
    • De Maio, V.J.1    Stiell, I.G.2    Wells, G.A.3
  • 20
    • 0037470222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambulance crash-related injuries among emergency medical services workers-Unites States, 1991-2002
    • Ambulance crash-related injuries among emergency medical services workers-Unites States, 1991-2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 52 (2003) 154-156
    • (2003) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.52 , pp. 154-156
  • 21
    • 0034963101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of fatal ambulance crashes in the United States: an 11-year retrospective analysis
    • Kahn C.A., Pirrallo R.G., and Kuhn E.M. Characteristics of fatal ambulance crashes in the United States: an 11-year retrospective analysis. Prehosp Emerg Care 5 (2001) 261-269
    • (2001) Prehosp Emerg Care , vol.5 , pp. 261-269
    • Kahn, C.A.1    Pirrallo, R.G.2    Kuhn, E.M.3
  • 22
    • 0041328601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative risk of injury and death in ambulances and other emergency vehicles
    • Becker L.R., Zaloshnja E., Levick N., et al. Relative risk of injury and death in ambulances and other emergency vehicles. Accid Anal Prev 35 (2003) 941-948
    • (2003) Accid Anal Prev , vol.35 , pp. 941-948
    • Becker, L.R.1    Zaloshnja, E.2    Levick, N.3
  • 23
    • 46649110102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Epistry-Trauma: design, development, and implementation of a North American epidemiologic out-of-hospital trauma registry
    • Newgard C.D., Sears G.K., Rea T.D., et al. The Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Epistry-Trauma: design, development, and implementation of a North American epidemiologic out-of-hospital trauma registry. Resuscitation 78 (2008) 170-178
    • (2008) Resuscitation , vol.78 , pp. 170-178
    • Newgard, C.D.1    Sears, G.K.2    Rea, T.D.3
  • 24
    • 34848901924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A descriptive analysis of emergency medical service systems participating in a large, out-of-hospital resuscitation research network
    • Davis D.P., Garberson L.A., Andrusiekc D., et al. A descriptive analysis of emergency medical service systems participating in a large, out-of-hospital resuscitation research network. Prehosp Emerg Care 11 (2007) 369-382
    • (2007) Prehosp Emerg Care , vol.11 , pp. 369-382
    • Davis, D.P.1    Garberson, L.A.2    Andrusiekc, D.3
  • 25
    • 0004214796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Committee on Trauma, American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL
    • Committee on Trauma. Resources for Optimal Care of the Injured Patient (2006), American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL
    • (2006) Resources for Optimal Care of the Injured Patient
  • 26
    • 0023916894 scopus 로고
    • The utility of physiologic status, injury site, and injury mechanism in identifying patients with major trauma
    • Cottington E.M., Young J.C., Shufflebarger C.M., et al. The utility of physiologic status, injury site, and injury mechanism in identifying patients with major trauma. J Trauma 28 (1988) 305-311
    • (1988) J Trauma , vol.28 , pp. 305-311
    • Cottington, E.M.1    Young, J.C.2    Shufflebarger, C.M.3
  • 27
    • 0028896078 scopus 로고
    • Do prehospital trauma center triage criteria identify major trauma victims?
    • Esposito T.J., Offner P.J., Jurkovich G.J., et al. Do prehospital trauma center triage criteria identify major trauma victims?. Arch Surg 130 (1995) 171-176
    • (1995) Arch Surg , vol.130 , pp. 171-176
    • Esposito, T.J.1    Offner, P.J.2    Jurkovich, G.J.3
  • 28
    • 0021854573 scopus 로고
    • Empirical development and evaluation of out of hospital trauma triage instruments
    • Kane G., Engelhardt R., Celentano J., et al. Empirical development and evaluation of out of hospital trauma triage instruments. J Trauma 25 (1985) 482-489
    • (1985) J Trauma , vol.25 , pp. 482-489
    • Kane, G.1    Engelhardt, R.2    Celentano, J.3
  • 29
    • 0028849466 scopus 로고
    • Application of American College of Surgeons' field triage guidelines by pre-hospital personnel
    • Norcross E.D., Ford D.W., Cooper M.E., et al. Application of American College of Surgeons' field triage guidelines by pre-hospital personnel. J Am Coll Surg 181 (1995) 539-544
    • (1995) J Am Coll Surg , vol.181 , pp. 539-544
    • Norcross, E.D.1    Ford, D.W.2    Cooper, M.E.3
  • 30
    • 0029852707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incremental benefit of individual American College of Surgeons trauma triage criteria
    • Henry M.C., Hollander J.E., Alicandro J.M., et al. Incremental benefit of individual American College of Surgeons trauma triage criteria. Acad Emerg Med 3 (1996) 992-1000
    • (1996) Acad Emerg Med , vol.3 , pp. 992-1000
    • Henry, M.C.1    Hollander, J.E.2    Alicandro, J.M.3
  • 31
    • 15944368588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiologic trauma triage criteria in adult trauma patients: are they effective in saving lives by transporting patients to trauma centers?
    • Hannan E.L., Farrell L.S., Cooper A., et al. Physiologic trauma triage criteria in adult trauma patients: are they effective in saving lives by transporting patients to trauma centers?. J Am Coll Surg 200 (2005) 584-592
    • (2005) J Am Coll Surg , vol.200 , pp. 584-592
    • Hannan, E.L.1    Farrell, L.S.2    Cooper, A.3
  • 32
    • 0025201587 scopus 로고
    • The Trauma Triage Rule: a new, resource-based approach to the out-of-hospital identification of major trauma victims
    • Baxt W.G., Jones G., and Fortlage D. The Trauma Triage Rule: a new, resource-based approach to the out-of-hospital identification of major trauma victims. Ann Emerg Med 19 (1990) 1401-1406
    • (1990) Ann Emerg Med , vol.19 , pp. 1401-1406
    • Baxt, W.G.1    Jones, G.2    Fortlage, D.3
  • 33
    • 0029439647 scopus 로고
    • Applying the trauma triage rule to blunt trauma patients
    • Zechnich A.D., Hedges J.R., Spackman K., et al. Applying the trauma triage rule to blunt trauma patients. Acad Emerg Med 2 (1995) 1043-1052
    • (1995) Acad Emerg Med , vol.2 , pp. 1043-1052
    • Zechnich, A.D.1    Hedges, J.R.2    Spackman, K.3
  • 34
    • 33745698452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies evaluating current field triage: 1966-2005
    • Lerner E.B. Studies evaluating current field triage: 1966-2005. Prehosp Emerg Care 10 (2006) 303-306
    • (2006) Prehosp Emerg Care , vol.10 , pp. 303-306
    • Lerner, E.B.1
  • 35
    • 31344470705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A national evaluation of the effect of trauma-center care on mortality
    • MacKenzie E.J., Rivara F.P., Jurkovich G.J., et al. A national evaluation of the effect of trauma-center care on mortality. N Engl J Med 354 (2006) 366-378
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 366-378
    • MacKenzie, E.J.1    Rivara, F.P.2    Jurkovich, G.J.3
  • 36
    • 0027474127 scopus 로고
    • Prospective validation of a new model for evaluating emergency medical services systems by in-field observation of specific time intervals in prehospital care
    • Spaite D.W., Valenzuela T.D., Meislin H.W., et al. Prospective validation of a new model for evaluating emergency medical services systems by in-field observation of specific time intervals in prehospital care. Ann Emerg Med 22 (1993) 638-645
    • (1993) Ann Emerg Med , vol.22 , pp. 638-645
    • Spaite, D.W.1    Valenzuela, T.D.2    Meislin, H.W.3
  • 37
    • 33646809746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instrumental variables applications and limitations
    • Martens E.P., Pestman W.R., de Boer A., et al. Instrumental variables applications and limitations. Epidemiology 17 (2006) 260-267
    • (2006) Epidemiology , vol.17 , pp. 260-267
    • Martens, E.P.1    Pestman, W.R.2    de Boer, A.3
  • 38
    • 0027991786 scopus 로고
    • Does more intensive treatment of acute myocardial infarction in the elderly reduce mortality?
    • McClellan M., McNeil B.J., and Newhouse J.P. Does more intensive treatment of acute myocardial infarction in the elderly reduce mortality?. JAMA 272 (1994) 859-866
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.272 , pp. 859-866
    • McClellan, M.1    McNeil, B.J.2    Newhouse, J.P.3
  • 39
    • 0036790491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey of weak instruments and weak identification in generalized methods of moments. 2002
    • Stock J.H., Wright J.H., and Yogo M. A survey of weak instruments and weak identification in generalized methods of moments. 2002. J Business Econ Stat 20 (2002) 518-529
    • (2002) J Business Econ Stat , vol.20 , pp. 518-529
    • Stock, J.H.1    Wright, J.H.2    Yogo, M.3
  • 40
    • 33846081785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival advantage associated with treatment of injury at designated trauma centers: a bivariate probit model with instrumental variables
    • Pracht E.E., Tepas J.J., Celso B.G., et al. Survival advantage associated with treatment of injury at designated trauma centers: a bivariate probit model with instrumental variables. Med Care Res Rev 64 (2007) 83-97
    • (2007) Med Care Res Rev , vol.64 , pp. 83-97
    • Pracht, E.E.1    Tepas, J.J.2    Celso, B.G.3
  • 41
    • 16344386276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality benefit of transfer to level I versus level II trauma centers for head-injured patients: analysis using instrumental variables
    • McConnell J., Newgard C.D., Mullins R.J., et al. Mortality benefit of transfer to level I versus level II trauma centers for head-injured patients: analysis using instrumental variables. Health Serv Res 40 (2005) 435-457
    • (2005) Health Serv Res , vol.40 , pp. 435-457
    • McConnell, J.1    Newgard, C.D.2    Mullins, R.J.3
  • 42
    • 0036209335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advanced statistics: statistical methods for analyzing cluster and cluster-randomized data
    • Wears R.L. Advanced statistics: statistical methods for analyzing cluster and cluster-randomized data. Acad Emerg Med 9 (2002) 330-341
    • (2002) Acad Emerg Med , vol.9 , pp. 330-341
    • Wears, R.L.1
  • 43
    • 38349112004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertonic resuscitation: design and implementation of a prehospital intervention trial
    • Brasel K.J., Bulger E., Cook A.J., et al. Hypertonic resuscitation: design and implementation of a prehospital intervention trial. J Am Coll Surg 206 (2008) 220-232
    • (2008) J Am Coll Surg , vol.206 , pp. 220-232
    • Brasel, K.J.1    Bulger, E.2    Cook, A.J.3
  • 44
    • 0025993610 scopus 로고
    • The impact of injury severity and prehospital procedures on scene time in victims of major trauma
    • Spaite D.W., Tse D.J., Valenzuela T.D., et al. The impact of injury severity and prehospital procedures on scene time in victims of major trauma. Ann Emerg Med 20 (1991) 1299-1305
    • (1991) Ann Emerg Med , vol.20 , pp. 1299-1305
    • Spaite, D.W.1    Tse, D.J.2    Valenzuela, T.D.3
  • 45
    • 33644966977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of prehospital care times for trauma
    • Carr B.G., Caplan J.M., Pryor J.P., et al. A meta-analysis of prehospital care times for trauma. Prehosp Emerg Care 10 (2006) 198-206
    • (2006) Prehosp Emerg Care , vol.10 , pp. 198-206
    • Carr, B.G.1    Caplan, J.M.2    Pryor, J.P.3
  • 46
    • 84942478362 scopus 로고
    • Outcome of hospitalized injured patients after institution of a trauma system in an urban area
    • Mullins R.J., Veum-Stone J., Helfand M., et al. Outcome of hospitalized injured patients after institution of a trauma system in an urban area. JAMA 271 (1994) 1919-1924
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.271 , pp. 1919-1924
    • Mullins, R.J.1    Veum-Stone, J.2    Helfand, M.3
  • 47
    • 0029919251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of a statewide trauma system on location of hospitalization and outcome of injured patients
    • Mullins R.J., Veum-Stone J., Hedges J.R., et al. Influence of a statewide trauma system on location of hospitalization and outcome of injured patients. J Trauma 40 (1996) 536-545
    • (1996) J Trauma , vol.40 , pp. 536-545
    • Mullins, R.J.1    Veum-Stone, J.2    Hedges, J.R.3
  • 48
    • 0031898637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferential benefit of implementation of a statewide trauma system in one of two adjacent states
    • Mullins R.J., Mann N.C., Hedges J.R., et al. Preferential benefit of implementation of a statewide trauma system in one of two adjacent states. J Trauma 44 (1998) 609-617
    • (1998) J Trauma , vol.44 , pp. 609-617
    • Mullins, R.J.1    Mann, N.C.2    Hedges, J.R.3
  • 49
    • 26444589190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of trauma center designation and trauma volume on outcome in specific severe injuries
    • Demetriades D., Martin M., Salim A., et al. The effect of trauma center designation and trauma volume on outcome in specific severe injuries. Ann Surg 242 (2005) 512-519
    • (2005) Ann Surg , vol.242 , pp. 512-519
    • Demetriades, D.1    Martin, M.2    Salim, A.3
  • 50
    • 0033770283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advanced or basic life support for trauma: meta-analysis and critical review of the literature
    • Liberman M., Mulder D., and Samplais J. Advanced or basic life support for trauma: meta-analysis and critical review of the literature. J Trauma 49 (2000) 584-599
    • (2000) J Trauma , vol.49 , pp. 584-599
    • Liberman, M.1    Mulder, D.2    Samplais, J.3
  • 51
    • 0028100188 scopus 로고
    • Immediate versus delayed fluid resuscitation for hypotensive patients with penetrating torso injuries
    • Bickell W.H., Wall M.J., Pepe P.E., et al. Immediate versus delayed fluid resuscitation for hypotensive patients with penetrating torso injuries. N Engl J Med 331 (1994) 1105-1109
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 1105-1109
    • Bickell, W.H.1    Wall, M.J.2    Pepe, P.E.3
  • 52
    • 7044248024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Out-of-hospital endotracheal intubation and outcome after traumatic brain injury
    • Wang H.E., Peitzman A.B., Cassidy L.D., et al. Out-of-hospital endotracheal intubation and outcome after traumatic brain injury. Ann Emerg Med 44 (2004) 439-450
    • (2004) Ann Emerg Med , vol.44 , pp. 439-450
    • Wang, H.E.1    Peitzman, A.B.2    Cassidy, L.D.3
  • 53
    • 0037349087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of paramedic rapid sequence intubation on outcome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury
    • Davis D.P., Hoyt D.B., Ochs M., et al. The effect of paramedic rapid sequence intubation on outcome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. J Trauma 54 (2003) 444-453
    • (2003) J Trauma , vol.54 , pp. 444-453
    • Davis, D.P.1    Hoyt, D.B.2    Ochs, M.3
  • 54
    • 33646535907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Out-of-hospital endotracheal intubation: where are we?
    • Wang H.E., and Yealy D.M. Out-of-hospital endotracheal intubation: where are we?. Ann Emerg Med 47 (2006) 532-541
    • (2006) Ann Emerg Med , vol.47 , pp. 532-541
    • Wang, H.E.1    Yealy, D.M.2
  • 55
    • 0036666455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prehospital interventions: on-scene time and ambulance technicians' experience
    • Birk H.O., and Henriksen L.O. Prehospital interventions: on-scene time and ambulance technicians' experience. Prehosp Disaster Med 17 (2002) 167-169
    • (2002) Prehosp Disaster Med , vol.17 , pp. 167-169
    • Birk, H.O.1    Henriksen, L.O.2
  • 56
    • 34047167002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotracheal intubation increases out of hospital time in trauma patients
    • Cudnik M., Newgard C.D., Wang H., et al. Endotracheal intubation increases out of hospital time in trauma patients. Prehosp Emerg Care 11 (2007) 224-229
    • (2007) Prehosp Emerg Care , vol.11 , pp. 224-229
    • Cudnik, M.1    Newgard, C.D.2    Wang, H.3
  • 57
    • 0024449196 scopus 로고
    • The effect of urban trauma system hospital bypass on prehospital transport times and level 1 trauma patient survival
    • Sloan E.P., Callahan E.P., Duda J., et al. The effect of urban trauma system hospital bypass on prehospital transport times and level 1 trauma patient survival. Ann Emerg Med 18 (1989) 1146-1150
    • (1989) Ann Emerg Med , vol.18 , pp. 1146-1150
    • Sloan, E.P.1    Callahan, E.P.2    Duda, J.3
  • 58
    • 49549098392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tort claims and adverse events in emergency medical services
    • Wang H.E., Faibanks R.J., Shah M.N., et al. Tort claims and adverse events in emergency medical services. Ann Emerg Med 52 (2008) 256-262
    • (2008) Ann Emerg Med , vol.52 , pp. 256-262
    • Wang, H.E.1    Faibanks, R.J.2    Shah, M.N.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.