Percolation threshold of carbon nanotubes filled unsaturated polyesters

Composites Science and Technology

Volumn 70, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 633-637

  Battisti, A ^a   Skordos, A A ^a   Partridge, I K ^a  

^a CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

A. Carbon nanotubes; A. Nano composites; A. Polymers; A. Unsaturated polyester resin; B. Electrical properties

Indexed keywords

A. NANO COMPOSITES; AC IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; B. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES; DC CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; ELECTRICAL PROPERTY; ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE; FILLER DISPERSION; LIQUID SUSPENSION; MATRIX; NANOTUBE CONCENTRATION; PERCOLATION MODELS; PERCOLATION THRESHOLDS; RE-AGGREGATION; SPATIAL STRUCTURE; UNSATURATED POLYESTER; UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESIN;

CURING; ELECTRIC PROPERTIES; ESTERS; MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES (MWCN); NANOCOMPOSITES; OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; PERCOLATION (COMPUTER STORAGE); PERCOLATION (FLUIDS); PERCOLATION (SOLID STATE); POLYESTER RESINS; POLYESTERS; POLYMER BLENDS; RESINS; SOLVENTS; THERMOSETS; UNSATURATED POLYMERS;

CARBON NANOTUBES;

DISPERSION; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRICAL PROPERTY; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; NANOCOMPOSITE; NANOTUBE; POLYESTER; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; THERMOSETTING PROPERTY;

EID: 76549090952     PISSN: 02663538     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.12.017     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Moniruzzaman M., and Winey K.I. Polymer nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes. Macromolecules 39 16 (2006) 5194-5205
2. Thostenson E.T., Li C., and Chou T.W. Nanocomposites in context. Compos Sci Technol 65 3-4 (2005) 491-516
3. Coleman J.N., Curran S., Dalton A.B., Davey A.P., McCarthy B., Blau W., et al. Percolation-dominated conductivity in a conjugated-polymer-carbon-nanotube composite. Phys Rev B - Condens Matter Mater Phys 58 12 (1998) R7492-R7495
4. Sandler J., Shaffer M.S.P., Prasse T., Bauhofer W., Schulte K., and Windle A.H. Development of a dispersion process for carbon nanotubes in an epoxy matrix and the resulting electrical properties. Polymer 40 21 (1999) 5967-5971
5. Seyhan A.T., Gojny F.H., Tanoglu M., and Schulte K. Critical aspects related to processing of carbon nanotube/unsaturated thermoset polyester nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 43 2 (2007) 374-379
6. Seyhan A.T., Gojny F.H., Tanoglu M., and Schulte K. Rheological and dynamic-mechanical behavior of carbon nanotube/vinyl ester-polyester suspensions and their nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 43 7 (2007) 2836-2847
7. Kimura T., Ago H., Tobita M., Ohshima S., Kyotani M., and Yumura M. Polymer composites of carbon nanotubes aligned by a magnetic field. Adv Mater 14 19 (2002) 1380-1383
8. Vera-Agullo J., Gloria-Pereira A., Varela-Rizo H., Gonzalez J.L., and Martin-Gullon I. Comparative study of the dispersion and functional properties of multiwall carbon nanotubes and helical-ribbon carbon nanofibers in polyester nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 69 10 (2009) 1521-1532
9. Thostenson E.T., Ziaee S., and Chou T.W. Processing and electrical properties of carbon nanotube/vinyl ester nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 69 6 (2009) 801-804
10. Bauhofer W., and Kovacs J.Z. A review and analysis of electrical percolation in carbon nanotube polymer composites. Compos Sci Technol 69 10 (2009) 1486-1498
11. Kirkpatrick S. Percolation and conduction. Rev Mod Phys 45 4 (1973) 574-588
12. Balberg I., Anderson C.H., Alexander S., and Wagner N. Excluded volume and its relation to the onset of percolation. Phys Rev B 30 7 (1984) 3933-3943
13. Celzard A., McRae E., Deleuze C., Dufort M., Furdin G., and Mareche J.F. Critical concentration in percolating systems containing a high-aspect-ratio filler. Phys Rev B - Condens Matter Mater Phys 53 10 (1996) 6209-6214
14. Dalmas F., Dendievel R., Chazeau L., Cavaille J.Y., and Gauthier C. Carbon nanotube-filled polymer composites. Numerical simulation of electrical conductivity in three-dimensional entangled fibrous networks. Acta Mater 54 11 (2006) 2923-2931
15. Thostenson E.T., Ren Z., and Chou T.W. Advances in the science and technology of carbon nanotubes and their composites: A review. Compos Sci Technol 61 13 (2001) 1899-1912
16. Xie X.L., Mai Y.W., and Zhou X.P. Dispersion and alignment of carbon nanotubes in polymer matrix: A review. Mater Sci Eng R: Rep 49 4 (2005) 89-112
17. Bryning M.B., Islam M.F., Kikkawa J.M., and Yodh A.G. Very low conductivity threshold in bulk isotropic single-walled carbon nanotube-epoxy composites. Adv Mater 17 9 (2005) 1186-1191
18. Schueler R., Petermann J., Schulte K., and Wentzel H.P. Agglomeration and electrical percolation behavior of carbon black dispersed in epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 63 13 (1997) 1741-1746
19. Sandler J.K.W., Kirk J.E., Kinloch I.A., Shaffer M.S.P., and Windle A.H. Ultra-low electrical percolation threshold in carbon-nanotube-epoxy composites. Polymer 44 19 (2003) 5893-5899
20. Kovacs J.Z., Velagala B.S., Schulte K., and Bauhofer W. Two percolation thresholds in carbon nanotube epoxy composites. Compos Sci Technol 67 5 (2007) 922-928
21. Martin C.A., Sandler J.K.W., Windle A.H., Schwarz M.K., Bauhofer W., Schulte K., et al. Electric field-induced aligned multi-wall carbon nanotube networks in epoxy composites. Polymer 46 3 (2005) 877-886
22. Martin C.A., Sandler J.K.W., Shaffer M.S.P., Schwarz M.K., Bauhofer W., Schulte K., et al. Formation of percolating networks in multi-wall carbon-nanotube-epoxy composites. Compos Sci Technol 64 15 (2004) 2309-2316
23. Thostenson E.T., and Chou T.W. On the elastic properties of carbon nanotube-based composites: Modelling and characterization. J Phys D: Appl Phys 36 5 (2003) 573-582
24. Wichmann M.H.G., Sumfleth J., Fiedler B., Gojny F.H., and Schulte K. Multiwall carbon nanotube/epoxy composites produced by a masterbatch process. Mech Compos Mater 42 5 (2006) 395-406
25. Battisti A., Skordos A.A., and Partridge I.K. Monitoring dispersion of carbon nanotubes in a thermosetting polyester resin. Compos Sci Technol 69 10 (2009) 1516-1520
26. Rahatekar S.S., Koziol K.K.K., Butler S.A., Elliott J.A., Shaffer M.S.P., Mackley M.R., et al. Optical microstructure and viscosity enhancement for an epoxy resin matrix containing multiwall carbon nanotubes. J Rheol 50 5 (2006) 599-610
27. Battisti A, Skordos AA, Partridge IK. Measurement of dispersion of carbon nanotubes in thermosets during processing. Measur Sci Technol, submitted for publication.
28. Arepalli S, Freiman SW, Hooker SA, Migler KD. Measurement issues in single-wall carbon nanotubes. Tech rep special publication (NIST SP) - 1071, NIST; 2008.
29. Karkanas PI. PhD thesis: Cure modelling and monitoring of epoxy/amine resin systems, school of industrial and manufacturing science, Cranfield University; 1998.
30. Daire A. Low-voltage measurement techniques. Eval Eng 44 6 (2005) 40-46
31. Loos J., Alexeev A., Grossiord N., Koning C.E., and Regev O. Visualization of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) networks in conductive polystyrene nanocomposites by charge contrast imaging. Ultramicroscopy 104 2 (2005) 160-167
32. Kovacs J.Z., Andresen K., Pauls J.R., Garcia C.P., Schossig M., Schulte K., et al. Analyzing the quality of carbon nanotube dispersions in polymers using scanning electron microscopy. Carbon 45 6 (2007) 1279-1288