Effect of thermal damage on compressive behavior of skin tissue

Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 81-104

  Xu, F ^a   Lu, T J ^b   Seffen, K A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b XI'AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Compressive behavior; Skin tissue; Strain rate sensitivity; Thermal damage; Thermal denaturation

Indexed keywords

EID: 76449091851     PISSN: 02195194     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1142/S0219519409002882     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. Kono T, Groff WF, Sakurai H, Treatment of port wine stains with the pulse dye laser, Ann Plastic Surgery 56(4):460-463, 2006.
2. Morelli JG, Parrish JA, Lasers in dermatology: A selective historical review, Photodermatology 2(5):303-309, 1985.
3. Kuflik EG, Cryosurgery for skin cancer: 30-year experience and cure rates, Dermatol Surg 30(2 Pt 2):297-300, 2004.
4. Spencer JM, Cryosurgery for skin cancer, Dermatol Surg 30(9):1269, 2004.
5. Hollander DA, Erli HJ, Theisen A, Falk S, Kreck T, Muller S, Standardized qualitative evaluation of scar tissue properties in an animal wound healing model, Wound Repair Regen 11(2):150-157, 2003.
6. Kitzmiller WJ, Visscher M, Page DA, Wicket RR, Kitzmiller KW, Singer LJ, A controlled evaluation of dermabrasion versus CO2 laser resurfacing for the treatment of perioral wrinkles, Plast Reconstr Surg 106(6):1366-1372; discussion 1373-11364, 2000. (Pubitemid 30824501)
7. Gitis NV, Sivamani RK, Tribometrology of skin, Tribol Trans 47:461-469, 2004.
8. Birznieks I, Jenmalm P, Goodwin A, Johansson RS, Encoding of direction of fingertipforces by human tactile afferents, J Neuroscience Methods 21:8222-8237, 2001.
9. Moy G, Singh U, Tan E, Fearing R, Human psychophysics for teletaction system design, Haptics-e 1(3), 2000.
10. Wu JZ, Krajnak K, Welcome DE, Dong RG, Analysis of the dynamic strains in a fingertip exposed to vibrations: Correlation to the mechanical stimuli on mechanoreceptors, J Biomechanics 39(13):2445-2456, 2006.
11. Gulati RJ, Srinivasan MA, Human fingerpad under indentation I: Static and dynamic force response, ASME, New York, NY, USA, Beever Creek, CO, USA, 261-262, 1995.
12. Mitragotri S, Current status and future prospects of needle-free liquid jet injectors, Nature Reviews 5(7):543-548, 2006.
13. Dinnar U, A note on theory of deformation in compressed skin tissues, Math Biosci 8:71-82, 1970.
14. Oomens CW, Van Campen DH, Grootenboer HJ, In vitro compression of a soft tissue layer on a rigid foundation, J Biomechanics 20(10):923-935, 1987.
15. Ebling F, Eady R, Leigh I, Anatomy and organization of human skin, Textbook of Dermatology, RH Champion, JL Burrington, FJG Ebling, eds., Blackwell Scientific Publications, New York, 1992.
16. Flory PJ, Garrett RR, Phase transition in collagen and gelatin systems, J Am Chem Soc 80:4836-4845, 1958.
17. Davis ED, Doss DJ, Humphrey JD,Wright NT, Effects of heat-induced damage on the radial component of thermal diffusivity of bovine aorta, J Biomech Eng 122(3):283-286, 2000.
18. Chen SS, Humphrey JD, Heat-induced changes in the mechanics of a collagenous tissue: Pseudoelastic behavior at 37 C, J Biomech 31(3):211-216, 1998.
19. Chen SS, Wright NT, Humphrey JD, Heat-induced changes in the mechanics of a collagenous tissue: Isothermal free shrinkage, J Biomech Eng 119(4):372-378, 1997.
20. Chen SS, Wright NT, Humphrey JD, Heat-induced changes in the mechanics of a collagenous tissue: Isothermal, isotonic shrinkage, J Biomech Eng 120(3):382-388, 1998.
21. Chen SS, Wright NT, Humphrey JD, Phenomenological evolution equations for heatinduced shrinkage of a collagenous tissue, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 45(10):1234-1240, 1998.
22. Diaz S, Lavemia E, Wong BJF, Mechanical behavior of cartilage during laser irradiation, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, San Jose, CA, 192-197, 2001.
23. Chao KKH, Burden MA, Wong BJF, Dynamic changes in the elastic modulus of lagomorph nasal septal cartilage during Nd:YAG ? 1.32 mlaser irradiation, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, San Jose, CA, 247-254, 2001.
24. Chae Y, Aguilar G, Lavernia EJ, Wong BJ, Characterization of temperature dependent mechanical behavior of cartilage, Lasers Surg Med 32(4):271-278, 2003.
25. Aksan A, McGrath JJ, Thermomechanical analysis of soft-tissue thermotherapy, J Biomech Eng 125(5):700-708, 2003.
26. Bosman S, Heat-induced structural alterations in myocardium in relation to changing optical properties, Applied Optics 32(4):461-463, 1993.
27. Thomsen S, Vijverberg H, Changes in Optical Properties of Rat Skin During Thermal Coagulation, SPIE Proceedings of Laser-Tissue Interaction, 230-236, 1993.
28. Lin W, Motamedi MM, Welch AJ, Dynamics of tissue optics during laser heating of turbid media, Appl Opt 35(19):3413-3420, 1996.
29. Agah R, Gandjbakhche AH, Motamedi M, Nossal R, Bonner RF, Dynamics of temperature dependent optical properties of tissue: Dependence on thermally induced alteration, IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering 43(8):839-846, 1996.
30. Schwarzmaier HJ, Yaroslavsky AN, Terenji A, Willmann S, Yaroslavsky IV, Changes in the optical properties of laser-coagulated and thermally coagulated bovine myocardium, Laser-Tissue Interaction IX, SL Jacques, ed., SPIE 361-365, 1998.
31. Jun JH, Harris JL, Humphrey JD, Rastegar S, Effect of thermal damage and biaxial loading on the optical properties of a collagenous tissue, J Biomech Eng 125(4):540-548, 2003.
32. Le Lous M, Cohen-Solal L, Allain JC, Bonaventure J, Maroteaux P, Age related evolution of stable collagen reticulation in human skin, Connect Tissue Res 13:145-155, 1985.
33. Melling M, Pfeiler W, Karimian-Teherani D, Schnallinger M, Sobal G, Zangerle C, Menzel EJ, Differential scanning calorimetry, biochemical, and biomechanical analysis of human skin from individuals with diabetes mellitus, The Anatomical Record 59:327-333, 2000.
34. Reihsner R, Melling M, Pfeiler W, Menzel EJ, Alterations of biochemical and twodimensional biomechanical properties of human skin in diabetes mellitus as compared to effects of in vitro non-enzymatic glycation, Clinical Biomechanics 15:379-386, 2000.
35. Pierce MC, Sheridan RL, Park BH, Cense B, De Boer JF, Collagen denaturation can be quantified in burned human skin using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography, Burns 30:511-517, 2004. (Pubitemid 39092344)
36. Le Lous M, Flandin F, Herbage D, Allain J-C, Influence of collagen denaturation on the chemorheological properties of skin, assessed by differential scanning calorimetry and hydrothermal isometric tension measurement, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 717(2):295-300, 1982.
37. McHugh AA, Fowlkes BJ, Maevsky EI, Smith DJ, Jr., Rodriguez JL, Garner WL, Biomechanical alterations in normal skin and hypertrophic scar after thermal injury, The Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation 18(2):104-108, 1997.
38. Fung YC, ed., Biomechanics: Motion, Flow, Stress, and Growth, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1990.
39. Diller KR, Pearce JA, Issues in modeling thermal alterations in tissues, Annals New York Academy of Science 888:153-164, 1999.
40. Wells PB, Harris JL, Humphrey JD, Altered mechanical behavior of epicardium under isothermal biaxial loading, J Biomech Eng 126:492-497, 2004.
41. Baek S, Wells PB, Rajagopal KR, Humphrey JD, Heat-induced changes in the finite strain viscoelastic behavioir of a collagenous tissue, J Biomechanical Eng 127(4):580-586, 2005.
42. Henriques FC, Moritz AR, Studies of thermal injury, 1. The conduction of heat to and through skin and the temperatures attained therein. A theoretical and an experimental investigation, A J Pathol 23:531-549, 1947.
43. Shergold OA, Fleck NA, Radford D, The uniaxial stress versus strain response of pig skin and silicone rubber at low and high strain rates, International Journal of Impact Engineering 32(9):1384-1402, 2006.
44. Douglas WR, Of pigs and men and research: A review of applications and analogies of the pig, Sus scrofa, in human medical research, Space and Life Sciences 3:226-234, 1972.
45. Johnson TE, Mitchell MA, Rico PJ, Fletcher DJ, Eurell TE, Roach WP, Corneal and skin laser exposures from 1540 nm laser pulses, Laser-Tissue Interactions XI: Photochemical, Photothermal, and Photomechanical, DD Duncan, JO Hollinger, SL Jacques, eds., SPIE, 222-229, 2001.
46. Meyer W, Schwarz R, Neurand K, The skin of domestic mammals as a model for the human skin, with special reference to the domestic pig, Current Problems in Dermatology 7:39-52, 1978.
47. Shergold OA, Fleck NA, Experimental investigation into the deep penetration of soft solids by sharp and blunt punches, with application to the piercing of skin, Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 127(5):838-848, 2005.
48. Middelkoop E, Van Den Bogaerdt AJ, Lamme EN, Hoekstra MJ, Brandsma K, Ulrich MMW, Porcine wound models for skin substitution and burn treatment, Biomaterials 25(9):1559-1567, 2004.
49. Ankerson J et al., Puncture resistance and tensile strength of skin stimulants, Proc Instn Mech Engrs 213(part H):493-501, 1999.
50. Meyer W, Kacza J, Zschemisch NH, Godynicki S, Seeger J, Observations on the actual structural conditions in the stratum superficiale dermidis of porcine ear skin, with special reference to its use as model for human skin, Ann Anat 189(2):143-156, 2007.
51. Meyer W, Zschemisch NH, Godynicki S, The porcine ear skin as a model system for the human integument: Influences of storage conditions on basic features of epidermis structure and function - A histological and histochemical study, Pol J Vet Sci 6:17-28, 2003.
52. Wright DM, Wiig H, Winlove CP, Bert JL, Reed RK, Simultaneous measurement of interstitial fluid pressure and load in rat skin after strain application in vitro, Annals of Biomedical Engineering 31(10):1246-1254, 2003.
53. Essenpreis M, Thermally induced changes in optical properties of biological tissues, University College London, 1992.
54. Young GS, Thermodynamic characterization of skin, hide and similar materials composed of fibrous collagen, Studies in Conservation 43(2):65-79, 1998.
55. Schiller R, Funke AP, Gunther C, DSC measurements on full thickness mice skin: An additional tool to investigate permeation enhancement of highly lipophilic drugs, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 77(2):497-510, 2004.
56. Xu F, Skin biothermomechanics and thermal pain, PhD Second Year Report, Engineering Department, Cambridge University, 2006.
57. Wu JZ, Dong RG, Smutz WP, Schopper AW, Non-linear and viscoelastic characteristics of skin under compression: Experiment and analysis, Biomed Mater Eng 13(4):373-385, 2003.
58. Lanir Y, Fung YC, Two-dimensional mechanical properties of rabbit skin. II. Experimental results, J Biomech 7(2):171-182, 1974.
59. Lanir Y, Fung YC, Two-dimensional mechanical properties of rabbit skin. I. Experimental system, J Biomech 7(1):29-34, 1974.
60. Von Gierke HE, Biomechanics of impact injury, Impact Accel Stress - Proc Symp NAS-NRC Pub No 977, 1962.
61. North JF, Gibson F, Volume compressibility of human abdominal skin, J Biomech 11(4):203-207, 1978.
62. Vossoughi J, Vaishnav RN, Comments on the paper "Volume Compressibility of Human Abdominal Skin", J Biomechanics 12(6):481, 1979.
63. Ridge MD, Wright V, Mechanical properties of skin: A bioengineering study of skin structure, J Appl Physiol 21(5):1602-1606, 1966.
64. Kenedi RM, Gibson T, Daly CH, Bioengineering studies of the human skin, Structure and Function of Connective and Skeletal Tissue, SF Jackson, JM Harkness, GR Tristam, eds. London, 1964.
65. Ankersen J, Birkbeck AE, Thomson RD, Vanezis P, Puncture resistance and tensile strength of skin simulants, Proc Inst Mech Eng [H] 213(6):493-501, 1999.
66. Wu JZ, Dong RG, Rakheja S, Schopper AW, Simulation of mechanical responses of fingertip to dynamic loading, Medical Engineering & Physics 24(4):253-264, 2002.
67. Wu JZ, Cutlip RG, Welcome D, Dong RG, Estimation of the viscous properties of skin and subcutaneous tissue in uniaxial stress relaxation tests, Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering 16(1):53-66, 2006.
68. Pietrucha K, Changes in denaturation and rheological properties of collagenhyaluronic acid scaffolds as a result of temperature dependencies, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 36(5):299-304, 2005.
69. Ozawa T, Kinetic analysis of derivatives curves in thermal analysis, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2:301-324, 1970.
70. Miles CA, Kinetics of collagen denaturation in mammalian lens capsules studied by differential scanning calorimetry, Int J Biol Macromol 15(5):265-271, 1993.
71. Miles CA, Burjanadze TV, Bailey AJ, The kinetics of the thermal denaturation of collagen in unrestrained rat tail tendon determined by differential scanning calorimetry, J Mol Biol 245(4):437-446, 1995.
72. Xu F, Wen T, Seffen KA, Lu TJ, Biothermomechanics of skin tissue, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 56(5):1852-1884, 2008.
73. Dunn MG, Silver FH, Swann DA, Mechanical analysis of hypertrophic scar tissue: Structural basis for apparent increased rigidity, The Journal of Investigative Dermatology 84(1):9-13, 1985.
74. Wan AW, Biaxial tension test of human skin in vivo, Biomed Mater Eng 4:473-486, 1994.
75. Wu JZ, Cutlip RG, Andrew ME, Dong RG, Simultaneous determination of the nonlinear-elastic properties of skin and subcutaneous tissue in unconfined compression tests, Skin Research and Technology 13(1):34-42, 2007.
76. Lennox FG, Shrinkage of collagen, Biochim Biophys Acta 3:170-187, 1949.
77. Chachra D, Gratzer PF, Pereira CA, Lee JM, Effect of applied uniaxial stress on rate and mechanical effects of cross-linking in tissue-derived biomaterials, Biomaterials 17(19):1865-1875, 1996.
78. Harris JL, Wells PB, Humphrey JD, Altered mechanical behavior of epicardium due to isothermal heating under biaxial isotonic loads, J Biomech Eng 125:381-388, 2003.
79. Hepworth DG, Steven-Fountain A, Bruce DM, Vincent JF, Affine versus non-affine deformation in soft biological tissues, measured by the reorientation and stretching of collagen fibres through the thickness of compressed porcine skin, Journal of Biomechanics 34(3):341-346, 2001.
80. Shergold OA, The mechanics of needle-free injection, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, 2004.
81. Lanir Y, Skin mechanics, Handbook of Bioengineering, R Skalak, S Chien, eds., McGraw-Hill, 11.11-11.25, 1987.
82. Humphrey JD, Continuum thermomechanics and the clinical treatment of disease and injury, Appl Mech Rev 56(2):231-260, 2003.
83. Tregear RT, Dirnhuber P, Viscous flow in compressed human and rat skin, J Invest Dermatol 45:119-125, 1965.
84. Dikstein S, Hartzshtark A, What does low-pressure indentometry measure, Arzt Kosmetol 16:327-328, 1983.
85. Yip CP, Walker D, Fernlund G, Pinder K, Role of dermal fibroblasts in rat skin tissue biomechanics, Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering 17(2):109-117, 2007.
86. Xu F, Wen T, Seffen KA, Lu TJ, Characterization of thermomechanical behavior of skin tissue I. tensile and compressive behaviors, WCE 2007, London, UK, 2007.
87. Bert JL, Reed RK, Pressure-volume relationship for rat dermis: Compression studies, Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 160(1):89-94, 1997.
88. Giles JM, Black AE, Bischoff JE, Anomalous rate dependence of the preconditioned response of soft tissue during load controlled deformation, Journal of Biomechanics 40(4):777-785, 2007.
89. Vogel HG, Hilgner W, Influence of age and of desmotropic drugs on the step phenomenon observed in rat skin, Arch Dermatol Res 264(2):225-241, 1979.
90. Arumugam V, Naresh MD, Sanjeevi R, Effect of strain rate on the fracture behavior of skin, J Biosci 19(3):307-313, 1994.
91. Jamison CE, Marangoni RD, Glaser AA, Viscoelastic properties of soft tissue by discrete model characterization, Journal of Biomechanics 1(1):33-36, 1968.
92. Vogel HG, Hilgner W, The "step phenomenon" as observed in animal skin, Journal of Biomechanics 12(1):75-81, 1979.
93. Cohen RE, Hooley CJ, McCrum NG, Viscoelastic creep of collagenous tissue, Journal of Biomechanics 9(4):175-184, 1976.
94. Haut RC, The sensitivity of skin to strain rate of loading, 7th Annual Meeting of the American Society of BiomechanicsRochester, Minn., 1983.
95. Lanir Y, The rheological behavior of the skin: Experimental results and a structural model, Biorheology 16(3):191-202, 1979.
96. Daly CH, Biomechanical properties of dermis, J Invest Dermatol 79(1):17s-20s, 1982.
97. Li JT, Armstrong CG, Mow VC, The effect of strain rate on mechanical properties of articular cartilage in tension, Biomechanics Symposium ASME 117-120, 1983.