Thomas Jefferson and the Hemings family: A matter of blood

Historian

Volumn 59, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 326-345

  Egerton, Douglas R ^a  

^a LE MOYNE COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 7644222080     PISSN: 00182370     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (84)

1. Fawn M. Brodie, Thomas Jefferson: An Intimate History (New York, 1974)
2. Pearl M. Graham, "Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings," Journal of Negro History 66 (1961): 91
3. Page Smith, John Adams, vol. 2 (New York, 1962), 1095
4. Smith, Jefferson: A Revealing Biography (New York, 1976), 210
5. Garrett Ward Sheldon, The Political Philosophy of Thomas Jefferson (Baltimore, 1991), 126
6. Gore Vidal, Burr: A Novel (New York, 1973), 196
7. Barbara Chase-Riboud, Sally Hemings: A Novel (New York, 1979)
8. Chase-Riboud, The President's Daughter (New York, 1994)
9. Roberta Grimes, My Thomas: A Novel of Martha Jefferson's Life (New York, 1993)
10. Jefferson in Paris, Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, 1995 motion picture
11. Alan Riding, "Getting It Right and Going Light on the History," New York Times, 3 July 1994, Sec. 2, 9, 17
12. Egerton, review of Jefferson in Paris, American Historical Review 100 (1995): 1202-3
13. Richmond Recorder, 1 September 1802
14. For evidence of Callender's bias, see Noble E. Cunningham, Jr., In Pursuit of Reason: The Life of Thomas Jefferson (Baton Rouge, 1987), 115
15. John Chester Miller, The Wolf By the Ears [sic]: Thomas Jefferson and Slavery (New York, 1977), 154-56
16. Merrill D. Peterson, The Jefferson Image in the American Mind (New York, 1960), 187
17. Fawn M. Brodie, "The Great Jefferson Taboo," American Heritage 23 (1972): 54
18. Michael Durey, "With the Hammer of Truth": James Thomson Callender and America's Early National Heroes (Charlottesville, 1990), 156-60
19. Merrill D. Peterson, Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation: A Biography (New York, 1970), 707
20. Richmond Recorder, 1, 8, 22 September 1802
21. Henry S. Randall to James Parton, 1 June 1868, reprinted in Milton E. Flower, James Parton: The Father of Modern Biography (Durham, 1951), 236-39
22. Edmund Bacon, "Autobiography," Jefferson and Monticello, ed. James A. Bear, Jr. (Charlottesville, 1967), 102
23. Ellen R. Coolidge to Joseph Coolidge, Jr., 24 October 1858, New York Times, 18 May 1974
24. Virginius Dabney, The Jefferson Scandals: A Rebuttal (New York, 1981), 78
25. Willard Sterne Randall, Thomas Jefferson: a Life (New York, 1993), 477
26. Alf J. Mapp, Jr., Thomas Jefferson: A Strange Case of Mistaken Identity (New York, 1987), 263-64
27. Elizabeth Dabney Coleman, "Peter Carr of Carr's Brook," Albemarle County Historical Society 4 (1943/44): 15
28. Miller, Wolf By the Ears, 170-71
29. Donald Jackson, A Year at Monticello: 1795 (Golden, 1989), 95-96
30. Dabney, Jefferson Scandals, 49
31. Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time, vol. 4 (Boston, 1970), 497-98
32. Ellen Randolph Coolidge to Joseph Coolidge, Jr., 24 October 1858, quoted in New York Times, 18 May 1974
33. Justus, Down From the Mountain, 39-44
34. Minnie S. Woodson to author, 15 October 1993; "Reminiscences of Madison Hemings," 472
35. Isaac Jefferson, "Memoirs of a Monticello Slave," Jefferson at Monticello, 4
36. Mechal Sobel, The World They Made Together: Black and White Values in Eighteenth-Century Virginia (Princeton, 1987), 139 (Sobel's emphasis)
37. See also Jack McLaughlin, Jefferson and Monticello: The Biography of a Builder (New York, 1988), 122
38. William W. Freehling, The Road to Disunion: Secessionists at Bay, 1776-1854 (New York, 1990), 128
39. Joel Williamson, New People: Miscegenation and Mulattoes in the United States (New York, 1980), 43
40. Peterson, Jefferson, 707
41. Winthrop D. Jordan, White Over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550-1812 (Chapel Hill, 1968), 430
42. Sarah N. Randolph, The Domestic Life of Thomas Jefferson (1871; reprint, Charlottesville, 1978), 238
43. Ronald L. Hatzenbuehler, "Growing Weary in Well-Doing: Thomas Jefferson's Life Among the Virginia Gentry," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 101 (1993): 35-36
44. Patrick Henry to Robert Pleasants, 18 January 1773, in Roger Bruns, ed., Am I Not a Man and a Brother: The Antislavery Crusade in Revolutionary America (New York, 1977), 221-22
45. Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, in Jefferson: Writings, ed. Merrill D. Peterson (New York, 1984), 266
46. Michael Zuckerman, "The Color of Counter-revolution: Thomas Jefferson and the Rebellion in San Domingo," in The Languages of Revolution, ed. Loretta Valtz Mannucci (Milan, 1989), 83
47. George W. Stocking, Jr. Victorian Anthropology (New York, 1987), 11
48. Jordan, White Over Black, 220-25
49. Larry E. Tise, Proslavery: A History of the Defense of Slavery, 1701-1840 (Athens, 1987), 231
50. Donald R. Wright, African Americans in the Colonial Era: From African Origins Through the American Revolution (Arlington Heights, 1990), 144-45
51. Stephen Jay Gould, The Mismeasure of Man (New York, 1981), 35
52. Jefferson, Notes, 269-70
53. Knut Hagberg, Carl Linneaus (New York, 1953), 97-99
54. Arthur O. Lovejoy, The Great Chain of Being: A Study of the History of an Idea (1936; reprint, New York, 1960), 245-48
55. Thomas Jefferson to Francois Jean de Beauvoir, 7 June 1785, The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, ed. Julian P. Boyd et al., vol. 8 (Princeton, 1953), 185-86
56. Thomas Jefferson to Marie Jean Antoine Condorcet, 30 August 1791, Papers of Thomas Jefferson, vol. 22, 98-99
57. Nancy Stepon, The Idea of Race in Science: Great Britain, 1800-1960 (Hamden, 1982), 2
58. Robert McColley, Slavery and Jeffersonian Virginia, 2d ed. (Urbana, 1973), 138-40
59. Richard K. Matthews, The Radical Politics of Thomas Jefferson: A Revisionist View (Lawrence, 1984), 68-70
60. Bernard W. Sheehan, Seeds of Extinction: Jeffersonian Philanthropy and the American Indian (Chapel Hill, 1973), 43 note 48
61. Bernard Cohen, Science and the Founding Fathers: Science in the Political Thought of Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and James Madison (New York, 1995), 79
62. St. George Tucker, A Dissertation on Slavery: With a Proposal for the General Abolition of It, in the State of Virginia (Philadelphia, 1796), 87, note b
63. Charles A. Miller, Jefferson and Nature: An Interpretation (Baltimore, 1988), 72
64. David Freeman Hawke, Benjamin Rush: Revolutionary Gadfly (Indianapolis, 1971), 104-5
65. Benjamin Rush to the Pennsylvania Abolition Society, 14 January 1795, Letters of Benjamin Rush, ed. L.H. Butterfield, vol. 2 (Princeton, 1951), 758
66. James A. Bear, Jr., The Hemings Family of Monticello (Ivy, Vir., 1980), 3-15
67. "Roll of the negroes taken in 1783," Thomas Jefferson's Farm Book, with Commentary and Relevant Extracts from Other Writings, ed. Edwin M. Betts (Princeton, 1953), 26
68. Bear, Hemings Family, 7
69. "Freeing of Robert Hemings," 24 December 1794, Farm Book, 15
70. Paul Finkelman, "Jefferson and Slavery: 'Treason Against the Hopes of the World,'" Jeffersonian Legacies, ed. Peter S. Onuf, (Charlottesville, 1993), 204
71. Isaac Jefferson, "Memoirs of a Monticello Slave," 4
72. "Freeing of James Hemings," 15 September 1793, Farm Book, 15
73. "James Hemings, Freed," 5 February 1796, Farm Book, 15-16
74. Gerald W. Gawalt, "James Monroe, Presidential Planter," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 101 (1993), 255-57, 265
75. Harry Ammon, James Monroe: The Quest for National Identity (New York, 1971), 115-16
76. Farm Book, 139
77. Lucia Stanton, "'Those Who Labor for My Happiness:' Thomas Jefferson and His Slaves," Jeffersonian Legacies, 171 note 2
78. Ellen Randolph Coolidge to Joseph Coolidge, Jr., 24 October 1858, New York Times, 18 May 1974
79. "Register of Births," Farm Book, 31
80. Jan Lewis, "'The Blessings of Domestic Society': Thomas Jefferson's Family and the Transformation of American Politics," Jeffersonian Legacies, 109-46
81. "Roll of the negroes in the winter of 1798-9," Bacon quoted in Brodie, Jefferson, 435
82. Bacon, "Autobiography," Jefferson at Monticello, 102
83. Thomas Jefferson, Will, 17 March 1826, Jefferson at Monticello, 122
84. Brodie, "Jefferson's Unknown Grandchildren," 32