Radioiodine ablation: When and how

Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging

Volumn 53, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 473-481

  Ambrosetti, M C ^a   Colato, C ^a   Dardano, A ^b   Monzani, F ^b   Ferdeghini, M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VERONA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PISA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Ablation techniques; Prognosis; Thyroid neoplasms

Indexed keywords

AGENTS ACTING ON THE EYE; AMIODARONE; DISINFECTANT AGENT; ERYTHROSINE; FOOD ADDITIVE; FUROSEMIDE; IODIDE; IODINE 131; IODIZED SALT; MULTIVITAMIN; RECOMBINANT HORMONE; RECOMBINANT HUMAN THYROTROPIN; SODIUM CHLORIDE; THYROGLOBULIN; TRACE ELEMENT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

BONE MARROW TOXICITY; CANCER INCIDENCE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; DIET RESTRICTION; DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CANCER; DOSIMETRY; DRUG UPTAKE; GENETIC ENGINEERING; HYDRATION; HYPOTHYROIDISM; KELP; KIDNEY CLEARANCE; LIFE EXPECTANCY; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; PAPILLOMA; POSTOPERATIVE CARE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PROGNOSIS; QUALITY OF LIFE; RADIATION EXPOSURE; RADIOACTIVITY; RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION; RECURRENCE RISK; REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION; SEA FOOD; SEAWEED; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; THYROID CANCER; THYROID CELL; THYROIDECTOMY; THYROTROPIN BLOOD LEVEL; TUMOR VOLUME; WHOLE BODY RADIATION;

ABLATION TECHNIQUES; DIET; DIURETICS; HUMANS; IODINE RADIOISOTOPES; LITHIUM; THYROID NEOPLASMS;

EID: 76349097571     PISSN: 18244785     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (84)

1. Burgess JR, Tucker P. Incidence trends for papillary thyroid carcinoma and their correlation with thyroid surgery and thyroid fine-needle aspirate cytology. Thyroid 2006;16:47-53.
2. Davies L, Welch HG. Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer in the United States, 1973-2002. JAMA 2006;95:2164-7.
3. Leenhardt L, Grosclaude P, Cherie-Challine L. Increased incidence of thyroid carcinoma in France: a true epidemic or thyroid nodule management effects? Report from the French Thyroid Cancer Committee. Thyroid 2004;14:1056-60.
4. Lloyd R, De Lellis R, Heitz P, Eng C. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: pathology and genetics of tumours of the endocrine organs. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2004.
5. Tan GH, Gharib H. Thyroid incidentalomas: management approaches to nonpalpable nodules discovered incidentally on thyroid imaging. Ann Intern Med 1997;126:226-31.
6. Ross DS. Nonpalpable thyroid nodules-managing an epidemic. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:1938-40.
7. Enewold L, Zhu K, Ron E, Marrogi AJ, Stojadinovic A, Peoples GE et al. Rising thyroid cancer incidence in the United States by demographic and tumour characteristics, 1980-2005. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18:784-91.
8. Chen AY, Jemal A, Ward EM. Increasing incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer in the United States, 1988-2005. Cancer 2009;115:3801-7.
9. Grodski S, Brown T, Sidhu S, Gill A, Robinson B, Learoyd D et al. Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer is due to increased pathologic detection. Surgery 2008;144:1038-43.
10. Mazzaferri EL. What is the optimal initial treatment of low-risk papillary thyroid cancer (and why is it controversial)? Oncology 2009;23:579-88.
11. Reiners C, Dietlein M, Luster M,. Radio-iodine therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer: indications and procedures. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2009;36:343-6.
12. Sweeney DC, Johnston GS. Radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1995;24:803-39.
13. Roos D, Smith J. Randomized trials on radioactive iodine ablation of thyroid remnants for thyroid carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999;44:493-95.
14. Cooper DS, Doherry GM, Haugen BR, Kloos RT, Lee SL, Mandel SJ et al. Management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2006;16:109-42.
15. Pacini F, Schlumberger M, Harmer C, Berg GG, Cohen O, Duntas L et al. Post-surgical use of radioiodine (I-131) in patients with papillary and follicular thyroid cancer and the issue of remnant ablation: a consensus report. Eur J Endocrinol 2005;153:651-9.
16. Pacini F, Schlumberger M, Dralle H, Elisei R, Smit JW, Wiersinga W et al. European consensus for the management of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma of the follicular epithelium. Eur J Endocrinol 2006;154:787-803.
17. Perros P, Clarke SEM, Franklyn J, Gerrard G, Harrison B, Hickey J et al. In: Perros P, editor. Guidelines for the management of thyroid cancer. 2nd ed. London: British Thyroid Association, Royal College of Physicians of London; 2007.
18. 131I scintiscans and thyroglobulin testing. Thyroid 1996;6:69-73.
19. Serhal DI, Nasrallah MP, Arafah BM. Rapid rise in serum thyrotropin concentrations after thyroidectomy or withdrawal of suppressive thyroxine therapy in preparation for radioactive iodine administration to patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:3285-9.
20. Liel Y. Preparation for radioactive iodine administration in differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2002;57:523-7.
21. 131I uptake postthyroidectomy for thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980;50:734-9.
22. Pacini F, Ladenson PW, Schlumberger M, Driedger A, Luster M, Kloos RT et al. Radioiodine ablation of thyroid remnants after preparation with recombinant human thyrotropin in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: results of an international, randomized, controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:926-32.
23. Hänscheid H, Lassmann M, Luster M, Thomas SR, Pacini F, Ceccarelli C et al. Iodine biokinetics and dosimetry in radioiodine therapy of thyroid cancer: procedures and results of a prospective international controlled study of ablation after rhTSH or hormone withdrawal. J Nucl Med 2006;47:648-54.
24. 131I ablative therapy after rh-TSH stimulation versus hypothyroidism induced by L-thyroxine withdrawal. Nucl Med Commun 2007;28:215-23.
25. Mernagh P, Campbell S, Dietlein M, Luster M, Mazzaferri E, Weston AR. Cost-effectiveness of using recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) prior to radioiodine therapy ablation for thyroid cancer, compared with treating patients in a hypothyroid state: the German perspective. Eur J Endocrinol 2006;155:405-14.
26. Frigo A, Dardano A, Danese E, Davì MV, Moghetti P, Colato C et al. Chromosome translocation frequency after radioiodine thyroid remnant ablation: a comparison between recombinant human thyrotropin stimulation and prolonged levothyroxine withdrawal. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;94:3472-6.
27. Barbaro D, Boni G, Meucci G, Simi U, Lapi P, Orsini P et al. Radioiodine treatment with 30 mCi after recombinant human thyrotropin stimulation in thyroid cancer: effectiveness for postsurgical remnants ablation and possible role of iodine content in L-thyroxine in the outcome of ablation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:4110-5.
28. Park HM, Perkins OW, Edmondson JW, Schnute RB, Manatunga A. Influence of diagnostic radioiodines on the uptake of ablative dose of iodine-131. Thyroid 1994;4:49-54.
29. Muratet JP, Daver A, Minier JF, Larra F. Influence of scanning doses of iodine-131 on subsequent first ablative treatment outcome in patients operated on for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Nucl Med 1998;39:1546-50.
30. Leger FA, Izembart M, Dagousset F, Barritault L, Baillet G, Chevalier A et al. Decreased uptake of therapeutic doses of iodine-131 after 185-MBq iodine-131 diagnostic imaging for thyroid remnants in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med 1998;25:242-6.
31. Huiç D, Medvedec M, Dodig D, Popoviç S, Ivanceviç D, Pavlinovic Z et al. Radioiodine uptake in thyroid cancer after diagnostic application of low-dose I131. Nucl Med Commun 1996;17:839-42.
32. 131I diagnostic whole-body imaging of patients with thyroid cancer. Radiology 2005;234:972-4.
33. Lassmann M, Luster M, Hänscheid H, Reiners C. Impact of (131)I diagnostic activities on the biokinetics of thyroid remnants. J Nucl Med 2004;45:619-25.
34. Morris LF, Waxman AD, Braunstein GD. The nonimpact of thyroid stunning: remnant ablation rates in I131-scanned and nonscanned individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:3507-11.
35. Cholewinski SP, Yoo KS, Klieger PS, O'Mara RE. Absence of thyroid stunning after diagnostic whole-body scanning with 185 MBq I131. J Nucl Med 2000;41:1198-202.
36. 131I (i.e. it does not cause stunning) in differentiated thyroid cancer. Nucl Med Commun 1997;18:505-12.
37. Gerard SK, Cavalieri RR. I-123 diagnostic thyroid tumor whole-body scanning with imaging at 6, 24, and 48 hours. Clin Nucl Med 2002;27:1-8.
38. 123I scintigraphy at 5 and 24 hours in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. J Nucl Med 2002;43:72-6.
39. Klein HA, DiDibio KJ, Sims D, Singleton HC, Worthy LJ. I-123 whole body scanning: case report and discussion. Clin Nucl Med 2005;30:312-6.
40. 123I. Eur J Nucl Med 2002;29:783-8.
41. Sarkar SD, Kalapparambath TP, Palestro CJ. Comparison of (123)I and (131)I for whole-body imaging in thyroid cancer. J Nucl Med 2002;42:632-4.
42. Mandel SJ, Shankar LK, Benard F, Yamamoto A, Alavi A. Superiority of iodine-123 compared with iodine-131 scanning for thyroid remnants in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Clin Nucl Med 2001;26:6-9.
43. Anderson GS, Sich S, Nakhoda K, Zhuang H, Alavi A, Mandel SJ. Comparison of I-123 and I-131 for whole-body imaging after stimulation by recombinant human thyrotropin: a preliminary report. Clin Nucl Med 2003;28:93-6.
44. Yaakob W, Gordon L, Spicer KM, Nitke SJ. The usefulness of iodine-123 whole-body scans in evaluating thyroid carcinoma and metastases. J Nucl Med Technol 1999;27:279-81.
45. 131I therapy whole body scanning. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:5294-300.
46. Van Nostrand D, Aiken M, Atkins F, Moreau S, Garcia C, Acio E et al. The utility of radioiodine scans prior to (131)I ablation in patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2009;19:849-55.
47. Freudenberg LS, Jentzen W, Görges R, Petrich T, Marlowe RJ, Knust J et al. 124I-positron emission tomography dosimetry in advanced differentiated thyroid cancer: therapeutic impact. Nuklearmedizin 2007;46:121-8.
48. 131I ablation of thyroid remnants. Clin Nucl Med 1983;8:123-6.
49. Matovic MD, Jankovic SM, Jeremic M, Tasic Z, Vlajkovic M. Unexpected effect of furosemide on radioiodine urinary excretion in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinomas treated with (131)I. Thyroid 2009;19:843-8.
50. Liu YY, van der Pluijm G, Karperien M, Stokkel MP, Pereira AM, Morreau J et al. Lithium as adjuvant to radioiodine therapy in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: clinical and in vitro studies. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006;64:617-24.
51. 131I therapy of metastatic, well differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:912-6.
52. Barbaro D, Grosso M, Boni G, Lapi P, Pasquini C, Orsini P et al. Recombinant human TSH and ablation of post-surgical thyroid remnants in differentiated thyroid cancer: the effect of pre-treatment with furosemide and furosemide plus lithium Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging DOI 10.1007/s00259-009-1254-2 2009 Sep 4. [Epub ahead of print]
53. Creutzig H. High or low dose radioiodine ablation of thyroid remnants? Eur J Nucl Med 1987;12:500-2.
54. Johansen K, Woodhouse NJ, Odugbesan O. Comparison of 1073 MBq and 3700 MBq iodine-131 in postoperative ablation of residual thyroid tissue in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. J Nucl Med 1991;32:252-4.
55. Bal C, Padhy AK, Jana S, Pant GS, Basu AK. Prospective randomized clinical trial to evaluate the optimal dose of 131 I for remnant ablation in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Cancer 1996;77:2574-80.
56. Siddiqui AR, Edmondson J, Wellman HN, Hamaker RC, Lingeman RE, Park HM et al. Feasibility of low doses of I-131 for thyroid ablation in postsurgical patients with thyroid carcinoma. Clin Nucl Med 1981;6:158-61.
57. 131I dose in differentiated thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000;52:765-73.
58. Maxon HR III, Englaro EE, Thomas SR, Hertzberg VS, Hinnefeld JD, Chen LS et al. Radioiodine-131 therapy for well-differentiated thyroid cancer - a quantitative radiation dosimetric approach: outcome and validation in 85 patients. J Nucl Med 1992;33:1132-6.
59. Alexander C, Bader JB, Schaefer A, Finke C, Kirsch CM. Intermediate and long-term side effects of high-dose radioiodine therapy for thyroid carcinoma. J Nucl Med 1998;39:1551-4.
60. Burmeister LA, du Cret RP, Mariash CN. Local reactions to radioiodine in the treatment of thyroid cancer. Am J Med 1991;90:217-22.
61. Verkooijen RB, Verburg FA, van Isselt JW, Lips CJM, Smit JW, Stokkel MP. The success rate of I-131 ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer: comparison of uptake-related and fixed-dose strategies. Eur J Endocrinol 2008;159:301-7.
62. 131Iodine administered doses for recombinant thyrotropin-stimulated postoperative thyroid remnant ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:3542-6.
63. Barbaro D, Boni G, Meucci G, Simi U, Lapi P, Orsini P et al. Recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone is effective for radioiodine ablation of post-surgical thyroid remnants. Nucl Med Commun 2006;27:627-32.
64. Pacini F, Molinaro E, Castagna MG, Lippi F, Ceccarelli C, Agate L et al. Ablation of thyroid remnants with 30 mCi (131)I: a comparison in thyroid cancer patients prepared with recombinant human TSH or thyroid hormone withdrawal. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:4063-8.
65. Bal CS, Kumar A, Pant GS. Radioiodine dose for remnant ablation in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a randomized clinical trial in 509 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:1666-73.
66. Zidan J, Hefer E, Iosilevski G, Drumea K, Stein ME, Kuten A et al. Efficacy of I131 ablation therapy using different doses as determined by postoperative thyroid scan uptake in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004;59:1330-6.
67. Hackshaw A, Harmer C, Mallick U, Haq M, Franklyn JA. I-131 activity for remnant ablation in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: a systematic review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:28-38.
68. Doi SAR, Woodhouse NJ, Thalib L, Onitilo A. Ablation of the thyroid remnant and I-131 dose in differentiated thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis revisited. Clin Med Res 2007;5:87-90.
69. Benua RS, Cicale NR, Sonenberg M, Rawson RW. The relation of radioiodine dosimetry to results and complications in the treatment of metastatic thyroid cancer. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 1962;87:171-82.
70. Schlumberger M, De Vathaire F, Ceccarelli C, Delisle MJ, Francese C, Couette JE et al. Exposure to radioactive iodine-131 for scintigraphy or therapy does not preclude pregnancy in thyroid cancer patients. J Nucl Med 1996;37:606-12.
71. 131I in male patients with thyroid carcinoma. Arch Androl 2005;51:171-5.
72. 131I therapy for ablation of postsurgical remnants in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. J Nucl Med 1999;40:1716-21.
73. Alevizaki C, Molfetas M, Samartzis A, Vlassopoulou B, Vassilopoulos C, Rondogianni P et al. Iodine 131 treatment for differentiated thyroid carcinoma in patients with end stage renal failure: dosimetric, radiation safety, and practical considerations. Hormones (Athens) 2006;5:276-87.
74. Souza Rosário PW, Barroso AL, Rezende LL, Padrão EL, Fagundes TA, Penna GC et al. Post I-131 therapy scanning in patients with thyroid carcinoma metastases: an unnecessary cost or a relevant contribution? Clin Nucl Med 2004;29:795-8.
75. Sherman SI, Tielens ET, Sostre S, Wharam MD Jr, Ladenson PW. Clinical utility of posttreatment radioiodine scans in the management of patients with thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;78:629-34.
76. Aide N, Heutte N, Rame JP, Rousseau E, Loiseau C, Henry-Amar M et al. Clinical relevance of single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography of the neck and thorax in postablation (131)I scintigraphy for thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;94:2075-84.
77. 131I SPECT/spiral CT on nodal staging of differentiated thyroid carcinoma at the first radioablation J Nucl Med 2009;50:18-23.
78. Omür O, Akgün A, Ozcan Z, Sen C, OzkiIiç H. Clinical implications of diffuse hepatic uptake observed in postablative and post-therapeutic I-131 scans. Clin Nucl Med 2009;34:11-4.
79. Kusacic Kuna S, Samardzic T, Tesic V, Medvedec M, Kuna K, Bracic I et al. Thyroid remnant ablation in patients with papillary cancer: a comparison of low, moderate, and high activities of radioiodine. Nucl Med Commun 2009;30:263-9.
80. Kusacic Kuna S, Samardzic T, Tesic V, Medvedec M, Kuna K, Bracic Iet al. Thyroid remnant ablation in patients with papillary cancer: a comparison of low, moderate, and high activities of radioiodine Nucl Med Commun 2009;30:263-9.
81. Chow SM, Law SC, Mendenhall WM, Au SK, Chan PT, Leung TW et al. Papillary thyroid carcinoma: prognostic factors and the role of radioiodine and external radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002;52:784-95.
82. Verburg FA, deKeizer B, Lips CJ, Zelissen PM, deKlerk. Prognostic significance of successful ablation with radioiodine of differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Eur J Endocrinol 2005;152:33-7.
83. Mallick U, Harmer C, Hackshaw A. The HiLo trial: a multicentre randomised trial of high- versus low-dose radioiodine, with or without recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone, for remnant ablation after surgery for differentiated thyroid cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2008;20:325-6.
84. Medico-Economic Comparison of Four Strategies of Radioiodine Ablation in Thyroid Carcinoma Patients (Estimabl) [Internet]. Available from http://clinicaltrials.gov/archive/NCT00435851 [cited 2009, Oct 161.