Risk factor profile for chronic non-communicable diseases: Results of a community-based study in Kerala, India

Indian Journal of Medical Research

Volumn 131, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 53-63

  Thankappan, K R ^a   Shah, Bela ^b   Mathur, Prashant ^b   Sarma, P S ^a   Srinivas, G ^c   Mini, G K ^a   Daivadanam, Meena ^a   Soman, Biju ^a   Vasan, Ramachandran S ^d  

^a Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies   (India)

^b SREE CHITRA TIRUNAL INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY   (India)

^c INDIAN COUNCIL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH   (India)

^d BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Anthropometry; Biochemical risk factors; Kerala; Non communicable diseases; WHO STEPs

Indexed keywords

GLUCOSE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS; ARTICLE; BIOCHEMISTRY; BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CHRONIC DISEASE; COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT; COMMUNITY SAMPLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; DIABETES CONTROL; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE MARKER; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INDIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MASS SCREENING; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; RESIDENTIAL AREA; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; RURAL AREA; SEX DIFFERENCE; SMOKING HABIT; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL; URBAN AREA;

EID: 76149118788     PISSN: 09715916     EISSN: 09715916     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Strong K, Mathers C, Leeder S, Beaglehole R. Preventing chronic diseases: how many lives can we save? Lancet 2005; 366: 1578-82.
2. Reddy KS, Shah B, Varghese C, Ramadoss A. Responding to the threat of chronic diseases in India. Lancet 2005; 366: 1744-9.
3. Thankappan KR, Valiathan MS. Health at low cost: The Kerala Model. Lancet 1998; 351: 1274-5.
4. Epping-Jordan JE, Galea G, Tukuitonga C, Beaglehole R. Preventing chronic diseases: taking stepwise action. Lancet 2005; 366: 1667-71.
5. Bonita R, deCourten M, Dwyer T, Jamrozik K, Winkelmann R. Surveillance of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases: The WHO STEPwise approach. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2002.
6. Ng N, Stenlund H, Bonita R, Hakimi M, Wall S, Weinehall L. Preventable risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in rural Indonesia: prevalence study using WHO STEPS approach. Bull World Health Organ 2006; 84: 305-13.
7. Hoang VM, Byass P, Dao LH, Nguyen TK, Wall S. Risk factors for chronic disease among rural Vietnamese adults and the association of these factors with sociodemographic variables: findings from the WHO STEPS survey in rural Vietnam, 2005. Prev Chronic Dis 2007; 4: A22.
8. Government of Kerala. Human development report 2005. Trivandrum, Kerala: State Planning Board, Government of Kerala; 2006.
9. World Health Organization. WHO STEPS surveillance manual: The WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2005.
10. Census of India 2001, Series 33:Kerala Final population totals, Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala.
11. Government of Kerala. Report on urban slums in Kerala 1995. Government of Kerala, Trivandrum: Department of Town Planning Trivandrum Corporation; 1995.
12. Trinder P. Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor. Ann Clin Biochem 1969; 6: 24-7.
13. Allain CC, Poon LS, Chan CSG, Richmond W, Fu PC. Enzymatic determination of serum cholesterol. P.D. Clin Chem 1974; 20: 470-5.
14. Fossati P, Prencipe L. Serum triglycerides determined colorimetrically with an enzyme that produces hydrogen peroxide. Clin Chem 1982; 28: 2077-80.
15. US Department of Health and Human Services. US Department of Agriculture. Dietary guidelines for Americans 2005. Washington, DC, US Government Printing Office. Available from: www.healthierus.gov/dietaryguidelines, accessed on January 20, 2009.
16. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. NIH Publication No. 98-4083. Washington DC, uSA: National Institutes of Health; 1998.
17. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL, et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: The JNC 7 Report. JAMA 2003; 289: 2560-72.
18. Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med 1998; 15: 539-53.
19. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001; 285: 2486-97.
20. Sugathan TN, Soman CR, Sankaranarayanan K. Behavioural risk factors for non-communicable diseases among adults in Kerala, India. Indian J Med Res 2008; 127: 555-63.
21. Tobacco use among adults--united States, 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2006; 55: 1145-8.
22. Prevalence of fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity by race/ethnicity--united States, 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2007; 56: 301-4.
23. Li C, Ford ES, McGuire LC, Mokdad AH. Increasing trends in waist circumference and abdominal obesity among uS adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2007; 15: 216-24.
24. Ong KL, Cheung BMY, Man YB, Lau CP, Lam KSL. Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension Among united States Adults 1999-2004. Hypertension 2007; 49: 69-75.
25. Cowie CC, Ru st KF, Byrd-Holt DD, Eberhardt MS, Flegal KM, Engelgau MM, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in adults in the u.S. population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 1263-8.
26. Carroll MD, Lacher DA, Sorlie PD, Cleeman JI, Gordon DJ, Wolz M, et al. Trends in serum lipids and lipoproteins of adults, 1960-2002. JAMA 2005; 294: 1773-81.
27. Ghandehari H, Kamal-Bahl S, Wong ND. Prevalence and extent of dyslipidemia and recommended lipid levels in uS adults with and without cardiovascular comorbidities: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004. Am Heart J 2008; 156: 112-9.
28. Xin X, He J, Frontini MG, Ogden LG, Motsamai OI, Whelton PK. Effects of alcohol reduction on blood pressure: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hypertension 2001; 38: 1112-7.
29. Carlsson S, Hammar N, Grill V. Alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes meta-analysis of epidemiological studies indicates a u-shaped relationship. Diabetologia 2005; 48: 1051-4.
30. Pepe MS, Janes H, Longton G, Leisenring W, Newcomb P. Limitations of the Odds Ratio in gauging the performance of a diagnostic, prognostic, or screening marker. Am J Epidemiol 2004; 159: 882-90.