Who comes back? Characteristics and predictors of return to emergency department services for pediatric mental health care

Academic Emergency Medicine

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 177-186

  Newton, Amanda S ^a,b   Ali, Samina ^a   Johnson, David W ^c   Haines, Christina ^d   Rosychuk, Rhonda J ^a,d   Keaschuk, Rachel A ^e   Jacobs, Philip ^a   Cappelli, Mario ^f,g   Klassen, Terry P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^b Women and Children's Health Research Institute   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^d Biostatistics Consulting Group   (Canada)

^e STOLLERY CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (Canada)

^f CHILDREN S HOSPITAL OF EASTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

^g UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Emergency department; Mental health; Pediatrics; Predictors; Return visits

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; AMBULATORY CARE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM; ARTICLE; CANADA; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DATA BASE; EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICE; FEMALE; GOVERNMENT; HEALTH CARE NEED; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; HUMAN; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH CARE; MOOD DISORDER; NEWBORN; PEDIATRICS; PREDICTIVE VALIDITY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSIS; SCHOOL CHILD; SEX DIFFERENCE; SURVIVAL;

ADOLESCENT; ALBERTA; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; EMERGENCY SERVICE, HOSPITAL; FEMALE; HOSPITALS, GENERAL; HOSPITALS, PEDIATRIC; HUMANS; INFANT; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES; MOOD DISORDERS; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TRIAGE;

EID: 76049128149     PISSN: 10696563     EISSN: 15532712     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00633.x     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2001 - MENTAL HEALTH: NEW UNDERSTANDING, NEW HOPE. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2001.
2. Kirby MJL, Keon WJ. Mental Health, Mental Illness and Addiction: Overview of Policies and Programs in Canada. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: The Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology, 2004. Available at: http://www.parl.gc.ca/38/1/parlbus/commbus/senate/Com-e/SOCI-E/rep-e/report1/ repintnov04vol1table-e.htm. Accessed Oct 24, 2009.
3. US. Department of Health and Human Services, Surgeon General. Report of the Surgeon General's Conference on Children's Mental Health: A National Action Agenda. Available at: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/cmh/. Accessed Oct 24, 2009.
4. Leitch KK. Reaching for the Top: A Report by the Advisor on Healthy Children and Adolescents. Available at: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/alt- formats/hpb-dgps/pdf/child-enfant/2007-advisor-conseillere/advisor-conseillere- eng.pdf. Accessed Oct 24, 2009.
5. Offord DR, Boyle MH, Szatmari P, et al. Ontario child health study II: six-month prevalence of disorder and rates of service utilization. Arch Gen Psych. 1987; 44:832-6.
6. Offord DR, Boyle MH, Fleming JE, Blum HM, Grant NI. Ontario child health study: summary of the selected results. Can J Psych. 1989; 34:483-91.
7. Kataoka S, Zhang L, Wells K. Unmet need for mental health care among U.S. children: variation by ethnicity and insurance status. Am J Psychiatry. 2002; 159:1548-55.
8. Stephenson J. Children with mental health problems not getting the care they need. JAMA. 2000; 284:2043-4.
9. Waddell C, McEwan K, Peters RD, Hua JM, Garland O. Preventing mental disorders in children: a public health priority. Can J Public Health. 2007; 98:174-8.
10. Waddell C, Hua JM, Garland OM, Peters RD, McEwan K. Preventing mental disorders in children: a systematic review to inform policymaking. Can J Public Health. 2007; 8:166-73.
11. Belfer ML. Child and adolescent mental disorders: the magnitude of the problem across the globe. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008; 49:226-36.
12. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine. Pediatric mental health emergencies in the emergency medical services system. Pediatrics. 2006; 118:1764-7.
13. Tolan PH, Dodge KA. Children's mental health as a primary care and concern. Am Psychol. 2005; 60:601-14.
14. Patel KK, Butler B, Wells KB. What is necessary to transform the quality of mental health care. Health Aff. 2006; 25:681-93.
15. Knitzer J, Cooper J. Beyond integration: challenges for children's mental health. Health Aff. 2006; 25:670-9.
16. Parker KC, Roberts N, Williams C, Benjamin M, Cripps L, Woogh C. Urgent adolescent psychiatric consultation: from the accident and emergency department to inpatient adolescent psychiatry. J Adolesc. 2003; 26:283-93.
17. Smith DH, Hadorn DC. Lining up for children's mental health services: a tool for prioritizing waiting lists. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002; 41:367-77.
18. Reid GJ, Brown JB. Money, case complexity, and wait lists: perspectives on problems and solutions at children's mental health centers in Ontario. J Behav Health Serv Res. 2008; 35:334-46.
19. Wilkes TC, Cawthorpe D. The need for more children's mental health services. CMAJ. 2008; 178:1465-6.
20. Eggertson L. Children's mental health services neglected: Kirby. CMAJ. 2005; 173:471.
21. Sadka S. Psychiatric emergencies in children and adolescents. New Dir Ment Health Serv. 1995; 67:65-74.
22. Christodulu KV, Lichenstein R, Weist M, et al. Psychiatric emergencies in children. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2002; 18:268-70.
23. Krug SE, Bojko T. Pediatric mental health emergencies in the emergency medical services system. Ann Emerg Med. 2006; 48:484-6.
24. Goldstein AB, Horwitz SM. Child and adolescent psychiatric emergencies in nonsuicide-specific samples. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2006; 22:379-84.
25. Reder S, Quan L. Emergency mental health care for adolescents in Washington State. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2004; 20:742-8.
26. Santiago LI, Tunik MG, Foltin GL, Mojica MA. Children requiring psychiatric consultation in the pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2006; 22:85-9.
27. Grupp-Phelan J, Mahajan P, Foltin GL, et al. Referral and resource use patterns for psychiatric-related visits to pediatric emergency departments. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2009; 25:217-20.
28. Sills MR, Bland SD. Summary statistics for pediatric psychiatric visits to US Emergency Departments, 1993-1999. Pediatrics. 2002; 110:e40.
29. Newton AS, Ali S, Johnson DW, Haines C, Rosychuk RJ, Keaschuk RA, Jacobs P, Klassen TP. A four-year review of pediatric mental health emergencies in Alberta. CJEM 2009; 11:447-55.
30. World Health Organization. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (10th Revision). Available at: http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/. Accessed Oct 24, 2009.
31. Beveridge R, Clarke B, Janes L, et al. Canadian Emergency Department Triage and Acuity Scale: implementation guidelines. CJEM. 1999; 1(3 Suppl): S1-S24.
32. Murray M, Bullard M, Grafstein E, for the CTAS and CEDIS National Working Groups. Revisions to the Canadian Emergency Department Triage and Acuity Scale implementation guidelines. CJEM. 2004; 6:421-7.
33. Beveridge R, Ducharme J, Janes L, Beaulieu S, Walter S. Reliability of the Canadian emergency department triage and acuity scale: interrater agreement. Ann Emerg Med. 1999; 34:155-9.
34. Manos D, Petrie DA, Beveridge RC, Walter S, Ducharme J. Inter-observer agreement using the Canadian emergency department triage and acuity scale. CJEM. 2002; 4:16-22.
35. Fernandes C, Tanabe P, Gilboy N, et al. Five level triage: a report from the ACEP?ENA five level triage task force. J Emerg Nurs. 2002; 31:39-50.
36. Colman I, Dryden DM, Thompson AH, et al. Utilization of the emergency department after self-inflicted injury. Acad Emerg Med. 2004; 11:132-42.
37. Voaklander DC, Kelly KD, Sukrani N, Sher A, Rowe BH. Sledding injuries in patients presenting to the emergency department in a northern city. Acad Emerg Med. 2001; 8:629-35.
38. Kelly KD, Lissel HL, Rowe BH, Vincenten JA, Voaklander DC. Sport and recreation-related head injuries treated in the emergency department. Clin J Sport Med. 2001; 11:77-81.
39. Statistics Canada. 1996 Census Dictionary, Final Edition. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Statistics Canada, 1999.
40. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. Terminology page. Available at: http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ap/tln-eng.asp. Accessed Aug 13, 2009.
41. Goldstein AB, Frosch E, Davarya S, Leaf PJ. Factors associated with a six-month return to emergency services among child and adolescent psychiatric patients. Psychiatr Serv. 2007; 58:1489-92.
42. Piccinelli M, Homen FG. Gender Differences in the Epidemiology of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1997.
43. Bracke P. The three year persistence of depressive symptoms in men and women. Soc Sci Med. 2000; 51:51-64.
44. Kuehner C. Gender differences in the short term course of unipolar depression in a follow up sample of depressed inpatients. J Affect Disord. 1999; 56:127-39.
45. Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, et al. Lifetime and 12 month prevalence of DSM-111-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994; 51:8-19.
46. Mortimer KM, Redline S, Kattan M, Wright EC, Kercsmar CM. Are peak flow and symptom measures good predictors of asthma hospitalizations and unscheduled visits? Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 31:190-7.
47. Perron AD, Sing RF, Branas CC, Huynh T. Predicting survival in pediatric trauma patients receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the prehospital setting. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2001; 5:6-9.
48. Freedman SB, Powell E, Seshadri R. Predictors of outcomes in pediatric enteritis: a prospective cohort study. Pediatrics. 2009; 123:e9-16.
49. Baren JM, Mace SE, Hendry PL, Dietrich AM, Goldman RD, Warden CR. Children's mental health emergencies-part 2: emergency department evaluation and treatment of children with mental health disorders. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2008; 24:485-98.
50. Baren JM, Mace SE, Hendry PL, Dietrich AM, Grupp-Phelan J, Mullin J. Children's mental health emergencies-part 1: challenges in care: definition of the problem, barriers to care, screening, advocacy, and resources. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2008; 24:399-408.
51. Bruffaerts R, Sabbe M, Demyttenaere K. Effects of patient and health-system characteristics on community tenure of discharged psychiatric patients. Psychiatr Serv. 2004; 55:685-90.
52. Arfken CL, Zeman LL, Yeager L, et al. Case-control study of frequent visitors to an urban psychiatric emergency service. Psychiatr Serv. 2004; 55:295-301.
53. Slaby A, Perry P. Use and abuse of psychiatric emergency services. Int J Psychiatry Med. 1980-1981; 10:1-8.
54. Purdie FR, Honigman B, Rosen P. The chronic emergency department patient. Ann Emerg Med. 1981; 10:298-301.