'I thought you would want to come and see his home': Child guidance and psychiatric social work in inter-war Britain

Health and the Modern Home

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 111-127

  Stewart, John ^a  

^a GLASGOW CALEDONIAN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 75949127035     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203932414     Document Type: Chapter

References (66)

1. W. M. Burbury, E. M. Balint, and B. J. Yapp, An Introduction to Child Guidance, (London, Macmillan: 1945), 100.
2. M. Horn, 'The Moral Message of Child Guidance, 1925-1945', Journal of Social History, 18 (1984): 25-36;
3. M. Horn, Before It's Too Late: The Child Guidance Movement in the United States, 1922-1945 (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989);
4. T. R. Richardson, The Century of the Child: The Mental Hygiene Movement and Social Policy in the United States and Canada (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989);
5. K. W. Jones, Taming the Troublesome Child: American Families, Child Guidance, and the Limits of Psychiatric Authority (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999).
6. L. Abrams, The Orphan Country: Children of Scotland's Broken Homes from 1845 to the Present Day (Edinburgh: John Donald, 1998);
7. H. Hendrick, Child Welfare: Historical Dimensions, Contemporary Debate (Bristol: The Policy Press, 2003);
8. D. Thom, 'Wishes, Anxieties, Play and Gestures: Child Guidance in Inter-War England, in R. Cooter (ed.), In the Name of the Child (London: Routledge, 1992), 200-219.
9. R. Cooter, 'In the Name of the Child Beyond', in M. Gijswit-Hofstra and H. Marland (ed.), Cultures of Child Health in Britain and the Netherlands in the Twentieth Century (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2003), 287-96, at pp. 288-9.
10. J. Stewart, 'Child Guidance in Inter-War Scotland: International Influences and Domestic Concerns', Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 80:3 (2006): 513-39.
11. For a recent contribution, see M. Payne, The Origins of Social Work: Continuity and Change (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005).
12. M. Thomson, 'Mental Hygiene as an International Movement', in P. Weindling (ed.), International Health Organisations and Movements, 1918-1939 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 283-304, at p. 283.
13. Liverpool Record Office, H360.5 QUA, Dr M. Barton Hall, 'Liverpool and Mental Hygiene', The Liverpool Quarterly, 1:6 (1933): 10.
14. On the Fund, see A. McG. Harvey and S. L. Abrams 'For the welfare of mankind': the Commonwealth Fund and American Medicine (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986).
15. H. Oosterhuis, 'Insanity and Other Discomforts: A Century of Outpatient Psychiatry and Mental Health Care in the Netherlands, 1900-2000', in M. Gijswijt-Hofstra, H. Oosterhuis, J. Vijselaar, and H. Freeman (eds.), Psychiatric Cultures Compared: Psychiatry and Mental Health Care in the Twentieth Century (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2005), 73-102, at p. 79.
16. On American psychiatric social work see R. Lubove, The Professional Altruist: The Emergence of Social Work as a Career, 1880-1930 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965), Chapters 3 and 4;
17. J. M. Gabriel, 'Mass-Producing the Individual: Mary C. Jarrett, Elmer E. Southard, and the Industrial Origins of Psychiatric Social Work', Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 79:3 (2005): 430-58.
18. For a history of the British profession by an 'insider' see Timms, Psychiatric Social Work in Britain (1939-1962) (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1964).
19. For an important recent engagement with the history of psychiatric social work, see V. Long, 'Changing Public Representations of Mental Illness in Britain, 1870-1970', unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Warwick, 2004, Chapter 3.
20. Stewart, 'Child Guidance.'
21. D. R. MacCalman, 'Familiar Problems of Upbringing', Mother and Child, 8:3 (1937): 90-1.
22. See also C. Urwin and E. Sharland, 'From Bodies to Minds in Childcare Literature: Advice to Parents in Inter-war Britain', in Cooter (ed.), In the Name, 174-99, although this chapter does not mention Mother and Child.
23. Birmingham City Archives, BCC/BH 1/1/1/36, 'City of Birmingham Education Committee. Child Guidance Clinic. Report of the Medical Director, 1936-1938', p. 3.
24. Library of the Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine, Oxford, WX 28 FE5.2 Lon Guys, Report of the Institution and Development of the Child Guidance Clinic at Guy's Hospital London, 1930-1936 (n.p., n.d.), 16.
25. C. Lawrence and G. Weisz, 'Medical Holism: The Context', in C. Lawrence and G. Weisz (ed.), Greater Than the Parts: Holism in Biomedicine, 1920-1950 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 1-22.
26. D. R. MacCalman, 'The Management of the Difficult Child', Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene, 1:2 (1937): 93-96, at p. 93.
27. st December, 1937 (Dundee, 1938), 15.
28. Thom, 'Wishes', 215.
29. Cited in Horn, 'Moral Message', 27.
30. Mitchell Library, Corporation of Glasgow, D-TC 7/7/13, Notre Dame Child Guidance Clinic: Annual Report, 1933-34 (Glasgow: Notre Dame Child Guidance Clinic, n.d. but 1934), 5-6.
31. D. Thom, 'The Healthy Citizen of Empire or Juvenile Delinquent?: Beating and Mental Health in the UK', in Gijswit-Hofstra and Marland (ed.), Cultures of Child Health, 189-212, at p. 199.
32. Jones, Taming, 77-83.
33. H. L. Witmer, Psychiatric Clinics for Children, With Special Reference to State Programs (New York: The Commonwealth Fund, 1940), 345;
34. also quoted in Jones, Taming, 174.
35. Moodie, The London Child Guidance Clinic, 6.
36. D. J. Walkowitz, 'The Making of a Feminine Professional Identity: Social Workers in the 1920s', American Historical Review, 95:4 (1990): 1051-75, at p. 1052.
37. Long, 'Changing Public Perceptions', 131, 134-5.
38. Burt Papers, D. 191/20/1/7, 'Report Presented to the Child Guidance Council by the Signatories, Who Visited the United States to Enquire into the Working of the Child Guidance Clinics', (no date, but late 1920s), 5.
39. Burt Papers, D.191/20/1/9, Miss St Clair Townsend, 'Report on Psychiatric Social Work', (no date, but late 1920s), 1.
40. Gabriel, 'Mass-Producing', 441.
41. For preliminary observations see Stewart, 'Child Guidance';
42. idem, 'An "Enigma to Their Parents": the Founding and Aims of the Notre Dame Child Guidance Clinic, Glasgow', The Innes Review, 57: 1 (2006): 54-76.
43. E.A. Danto, Freud's Free Clinics: Psychoanalysis and Social Justice, 1918-1938 (New York: Columbia University Press, 2005), 205-6.
44. Quoted in Long, 'Changing Public Perceptions', 133.
45. Lubove, Professional, 117.
46. Gabriel, 'Mass-Producing', 439.
47. Rylands Library, Store (Med. Pam. 2)/87.29, William Moodie, Child Guidance by Team Work (London: Child Guidance Council, 1931), 2-3.
48. The Child Guidance Council, Proceedings of the Child Guidance Inter-Clinic Conference of Great Britain 1939 (London: Child Guidance Council, 1939), 98.
49. B. H. Robinson, 'The Difficult Child: A Medical, Psychological and Sociological Problem: III The Function of the Social Worker', Mother and Child, 1:7 (1930): 249-52, at p. 249.
50. M.A. Lane, 'The Place of the Social Worker in Mental Health', Mental Hygiene, V, 4 (October 1939): 132-6, at pp. 132-3.
51. Burbury, Balint, and Yapp, Introduction, 99-100.
52. Rylands Library, Store A 141639, P. C. Shapiro, How Child Guidance Contributes to Mental Health (London: Child Guidance Council, 1933), 6-7;
53. Moodie, Child Guidance by Team Work, 5.
54. Mitchell Library, Corporation of Glasgow, D-TC 7/7/13, Notre Dame Child Guidance Clinic: Annual Report, 1935-36 (Glasgow: Notre Dame Child Guidance Clinic, 1936), 9-10.
55. Mitchell Library, Corporation of Glasgow D-TC 7/7/13, Notre Dame Child Guidance Clinic: Annual Report, 1933-34 (Glasgow: Notre Dame Child Guidance Clinic, 1934), 11-12.
56. Witmer, Psychiatric Clinic, Ch.12.
57. Shapiro, How Child Guidance Contribute, 6-7.
58. Stewart, 'An "Enigma to Their Parents"';
59. R. G. Gordon, 'The Dangerous Age of Childhood', Mother and Child, 9:3 (1938): 80-5, at p. 83.
60. Moodie, Child Guidance by Team Work, 4-5, emphasis in the original.
61. Compare, for instance, L. M. French, Psychiatric Social Work (New York: The Commonwealth Fund, 1940), or Witmer, Psychiatric Clinic., with Burbury, Balint, and Yapp, An Introduction.
62. G. Richards, 'Britain on the Couch: The Popularization of Psychoanalysis in Britain, 1918-1940', Science in Context, 13:2 (2000): 183-230, at p. 191.
63. MacCalman, 'The Management', 95.
64. Jones, Taming, 202 and passim.
65. Payne, Origins, 192;
66. Long, 'Changing Public Perceptions', Chapter 3.